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| </blockquote> | | </blockquote> |
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− | ====Excerpt 17==== | + | ====Excerpt 17. Peirce (CE 1, 180)==== |
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− | <pre> | + | <blockquote> |
− | | There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive.
| + | <p>There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive. I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis. I call this reasoning ''à posteriori''. If I reason that certain conduct is wise because it has a character which belongs ''only'' to wise things, I reason ''à priori''. If I think it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively. But if I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis that he does it because he is wise, and I reason ''à posteriori''. The form this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in any of the figures. The following is an example.</p> |
− | | I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis.
| + | |
− | | I call this reasoning 'à posteriori'. If I reason that certain conduct is wise because
| + | {| |
− | | it has a character which belongs 'only' to wise things, I reason 'à priori'. If I think
| + | | || Light gives certain fringes. |
− | | it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on
| + | | || Ether waves give certain fringes. |
− | | this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively. But if
| + | |- |
− | | I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis
| + | | || Ether waves gives these fringes. |
− | | that he does it because he is wise, and I reason 'à posteriori'. The form
| + | | || Light is ether waves. |
− | | this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in
| + | |- |
− | | any of the figures. The following is an example.
| + | | '''∴''' || Light is ether waves. |
− | | | + | | '''∴''' || Light gives these fringes. |
− | | Light gives certain fringes. | Ether waves give certain fringes. | + | |} |
− | | Ether waves gives these fringes. | Light is ether waves. | + | |
− | | .: Light is ether waves. | .: Light gives these fringes. | + | <p>C.S. Peirce, ''Chronological Edition'', CE 1, 180</p> |
− | | | + | |
− | | C.S. Peirce, 'Chronological Edition', CE 1, p. 180.
| + | <p>Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures ''On the Logic of Science''" (1865), ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce : A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857–1866'', Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.</p> |
− | |
| + | </blockquote> |
− | | Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures 'On the Logic of Science'", (1865),
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− | |'Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857-1866',
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− | | Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.
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− | </pre> | |
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| ====Excerpt 18==== | | ====Excerpt 18==== |