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====Excerpt 17====
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====Excerpt 17.  Peirce (CE 1, 180)====
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<pre>
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<blockquote>
| There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive.
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<p>There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive. I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis. I call this reasoning ''à posteriori''.  If I reason that certain conduct is wise because it has a character which belongs ''only'' to wise things, I reason ''à priori''.  If I think it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively.  But if I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis that he does it because he is wise, and I reason ''à posteriori''.  The form this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in any of the figures.  The following is an example.</p>
| I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis.
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| I call this reasoning 'à posteriori'.  If I reason that certain conduct is wise because
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{|
| it has a character which belongs 'only' to wise things, I reason 'à priori'.  If I think
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| &nbsp;        || Light gives certain fringes.
| it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on
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| &nbsp;        || Ether waves give certain fringes.
| this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively.  But if
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|-
| I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis
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| &nbsp;        || Ether waves gives these fringes.
| that he does it because he is wise, and I reason 'à posteriori'.  The form
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| &nbsp;        || Light is ether waves.
| this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in
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|-
| any of the figures.  The following is an example.
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| '''&there4;''' || Light is ether waves.
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| '''&there4;''' || Light gives these fringes.
|   Light gives certain fringes.       |   Ether waves give certain fringes.
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|}
|   Ether waves gives these fringes.   |   Light is ether waves.
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| .: Light is ether waves.             | .: Light gives these fringes.
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<p>C.S. Peirce, ''Chronological Edition'', CE 1, 180</p>
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| C.S. Peirce, 'Chronological Edition', CE 1, p. 180.
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<p>Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures ''On the Logic of Science''" (1865), ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce : A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857&ndash;1866'', Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.</p>
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</blockquote>
| Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures 'On the Logic of Science'", (1865),
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|'Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857-1866',
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| Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.
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</pre>
      
====Excerpt 18====
 
====Excerpt 18====
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