Line 221:
Line 221:
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
−
====Excerpt 17====
+
====Excerpt 17. Peirce (CE 1, 180)====
−
<pre>
+
<blockquote>
−
| There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive.
+
<p>There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive. I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis. I call this reasoning ''à posteriori''. If I reason that certain conduct is wise because it has a character which belongs ''only'' to wise things, I reason ''à priori''. If I think it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively. But if I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis that he does it because he is wise, and I reason ''à posteriori''. The form this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in any of the figures. The following is an example.</p>
−
| I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis.
+
−
| I call this reasoning 'à posteriori'. If I reason that certain conduct is wise because
+
{|
−
| it has a character which belongs 'only' to wise things, I reason 'à priori'. If I think
+
| || Light gives certain fringes.
−
| it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on
+
| || Ether waves give certain fringes.
−
| this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively. But if
+
|-
−
| I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis
+
| || Ether waves gives these fringes.
−
| that he does it because he is wise, and I reason 'à posteriori'. The form
+
| || Light is ether waves.
−
| this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in
+
|-
−
| any of the figures. The following is an example.
+
| '''∴''' || Light is ether waves.
−
|
+
| '''∴''' || Light gives these fringes.
−
| Light gives certain fringes. | Ether waves give certain fringes.
+
|}
−
| Ether waves gives these fringes. | Light is ether waves.
+
−
| .: Light is ether waves. | .: Light gives these fringes.
+
<p>C.S. Peirce, ''Chronological Edition'', CE 1, 180</p>
−
|
+
−
| C.S. Peirce, 'Chronological Edition', CE 1, p. 180.
+
<p>Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures ''On the Logic of Science''" (1865), ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce : A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857–1866'', Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.</p>
−
|
+
</blockquote>
−
| Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures 'On the Logic of Science'", (1865),
−
|'Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857-1866',
−
| Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.
−
</pre>
====Excerpt 18====
====Excerpt 18====