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</blockquote>

</blockquote>

====Excerpt 17====

====Excerpt 17.  Peirce (CE 1, 180)====

<pre>

<blockquote>

| There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive.

<p>There is a large class of reasonings which are neither deductive nor inductive. I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis. I call this reasoning ''à posteriori''.  If I reason that certain conduct is wise because it has a character which belongs ''only'' to wise things, I reason ''à priori''.  If I think it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively.  But if I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis that he does it because he is wise, and I reason ''à posteriori''.  The form this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in any of the figures.  The following is an example.</p>

| I mean the inference of a cause from its effect or reasoning to a physical hypothesis.

 

| I call this reasoning 'à posteriori'.  If I reason that certain conduct is wise because

{|

| it has a character which belongs 'only' to wise things, I reason 'à priori'.  If I think

| &nbsp;        || Light gives certain fringes.

| it is wise because it once turned out to be wise, that is if I infer that it is wise on

| &nbsp;        || Ether waves give certain fringes.

| this occasion because it was wise on that occasion, I reason inductively.  But if

|-

| I think it is wise because a wise man does it, I then make the pure hypothesis

| &nbsp;        || Ether waves gives these fringes.

| that he does it because he is wise, and I reason 'à posteriori'.  The form

| &nbsp;        || Light is ether waves.

| this reasoning assumes, is that of an inference of a minor premiss in

|-

| any of the figures.  The following is an example.

| '''&there4;''' || Light is ether waves.

|

| '''&there4;''' || Light gives these fringes.

|   Light gives certain fringes.       |   Ether waves give certain fringes.

|}

|   Ether waves gives these fringes.   |   Light is ether waves.

 

| .: Light is ether waves.             | .: Light gives these fringes.

<p>C.S. Peirce, ''Chronological Edition'', CE 1, 180</p>

|

 

| C.S. Peirce, 'Chronological Edition', CE 1, p. 180.

<p>Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures ''On the Logic of Science''" (1865), ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce : A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857&ndash;1866'', Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.</p>

</blockquote>

| Charles Sanders Peirce, "Harvard Lectures 'On the Logic of Science'", (1865),

|'Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Volume 1, 1857-1866',

| Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1982.

</pre>

====Excerpt 18====

====Excerpt 18====