| Line 3: |
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| | In the 1960's, blackjack became the most popular of casino games after computer-based systems were developed which gave an edge to the player. Various mathematicians and gamblers including [[Edward Thorp]] and [[Les Golden]] have refined these systems.<ref>Golden, Les (2010). “Countering the Casino Countering of Counters: The Golden Diagram to the Rescue,” ''Bluff Europe'', June, p. 84-85</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Trust Me: An Undetectable Winning System For Blackjack! ,” ''Bluff Europe'', March, p. 94-95</ref><ref>Golden, Leslie M. (2011). “An Analysis of the Disadvantage to Players of Multiple Decks in the Game of 21.” ''The Mathematical Scientist'', '''32''', 2, p. 57-69</ref><ref>http://www.appliedprobability.org/content.aspx?Group=tms&Page=tmsabstracts</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Stepping Out With My Baby: The Stepwise Betting Strategy,” ''Bluff Europe'', April, p. 92-93</ref> | | In the 1960's, blackjack became the most popular of casino games after computer-based systems were developed which gave an edge to the player. Various mathematicians and gamblers including [[Edward Thorp]] and [[Les Golden]] have refined these systems.<ref>Golden, Les (2010). “Countering the Casino Countering of Counters: The Golden Diagram to the Rescue,” ''Bluff Europe'', June, p. 84-85</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Trust Me: An Undetectable Winning System For Blackjack! ,” ''Bluff Europe'', March, p. 94-95</ref><ref>Golden, Leslie M. (2011). “An Analysis of the Disadvantage to Players of Multiple Decks in the Game of 21.” ''The Mathematical Scientist'', '''32''', 2, p. 57-69</ref><ref>http://www.appliedprobability.org/content.aspx?Group=tms&Page=tmsabstracts</ref><ref>Golden, Les (2011). “Stepping Out With My Baby: The Stepwise Betting Strategy,” ''Bluff Europe'', April, p. 92-93</ref> |
| | | | |
| − | The following table summarizes the most popular and most powerful systems. References are provided to the developers of the systems and the most authoritative websites which discuss their attributes.
| + | There are tables that summarize the most popular and most powerful systems. References are provided to the developers of the systems and the most authoritative websites which discuss their attributes. |
| | | | |
| − | The numbers in the table are the values assigned to the given card. In blackjack, 10s, Jacks, Queens, and Kings are all considered "10-value" cards. The total "count" of a hand is the arithmetic sum of the values assigned to the cards being held in the hand. | + | The numbers in the tables are the values assigned to the given card. In blackjack, 10s, Jacks, Queens, and Kings are all considered "10-value" cards. The total "count" of a hand is the arithmetic sum of the values assigned to the cards being held in the hand. |
| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1"
| |
| − | |- style="text-align:center;"
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|System Name
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|2s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|3s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|4s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|5s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|6s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|7s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|8s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|9s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|10s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|A’s
| |
| − | !style="background:#B0C4DE"|Developer
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Advanced Omega II<ref>Carlson, Bryce (2010) ''Blackjack for Blood'', Gamestar Pr Inc</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackage.com/omega-II-system.php|title= Omega II Blackjackage|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bj21.com/boards/free/free_board/index.cgi?noframes;read=148779
| |
| − | |title= Omega II BJ21|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |Bryce Carlson
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Canfield Expert<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.com/books/about/Blackjack_your_way_to_riches.html?id=6tXtee819p0C |title= Canfield Expert book |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjack-strategy-page.com/cardcounting/canfieldexpertcardcountingsystem.htm
| |
| − | |title=Canfield Expert Cardcounting|publisher=|date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |Richard Canfield (John Hinton)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Canfield Master<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-canfield-master-system-lesson.html|title= Canfield Master |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |Richard Canfield (John Hinton)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Hi-Lo<ref>Thorp, Edward O.(1962) ''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', Vintage, New York</ref><ref name=''beat-1966''>Thorp, Edward O.(1966) ''Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One'', revised edition, Vintage, New York</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |[[Edward O. Thorp]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Hi-Opt I (High Optimum)<ref>Humble, Lance and Cooper, Carl (1987) ''The Worlds Greatest Blackjack Book '', Doubleday, New York</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.theblackjackrules.com/hi-opt-i.htm |title=Hi-Opt I |publisher=|date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |Lance Humble and Carl Cooper
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Hi-Opt II (High Optimum)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackinfo.com/bb/showthread.php?t=852
| |
| − | |title= Hi-Opt II blackjackinfo|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjacktactics.com/blackjack/strategy/card-counting/hi-opt-ii/|title= Hi-Opt II blackjacktactics|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |Lance Humble and Carl Cooper
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Keep It Simple 2 (KISS 2)<ref>Renzey, Fred (2006) ''Blackjack Bluebook '', Blackjack Mentor Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/kiss-ii/
| |
| − | |title= Kiss 2|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | | 0/1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |Fred Renzey
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Keep It Simple 3 (KISS 3)<ref>Renzey, Fred (2006) ''Blackjack Bluebook II '', Blackjack Mentor Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackinfo.com/bb/showthread.php?t=9028
| |
| − | |title= Kiss 3|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | | 0/1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |Fred Renzey
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Knock Out (K-O; All Sevens)<ref>Vancura, Olaf and Fuchs, Ken (1998) ''Knock-Out Blackjack'', Huntington Press</ref><ref name=''british''>Zadehkoochak, M. (1992) ''The Book of British Blackjack'' Medimage. ISBN 1-897728-00-X</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.koblackjack.com/
| |
| − | |title= Knock Out or All Sevens|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |Olaf Vancura and Ken Fuchs
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Mentor<ref>Renzey, Fred (2006) ''Blackjack Bluebook II '', Blackjack Mentor Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-mentor-blackjack-counting-system-lesson.html
| |
| − | |title= Mentor|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | Fred Renzey
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Red Seven<ref>Snyder, Arnold (1983) ''Blackbelt in Blackjack''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackage.com/red-seven.php|title= Red Seven|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | | 0/1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |[[Arnold Snyder]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Revere 14 Count<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-revere-14-count-lesson.html|title= Revere 14 Count clickcasino|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://howtoplayblackjacks.com/blackjack-systems.htm
| |
| − | |title= Revere 14 Count howtoplayblackjacks|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |4
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | | -3
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Revere Advanced Point Count (RAPC)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/revere-rapc/|title= Revere APC lolblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bonusblackjack.org/card-counting/revere-advanced-point-count/|title= Revere APC bonusblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |4
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -3
| |
| − | | -4
| |
| − | |[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Revere Plus-Minus<ref>Revere, Lawrence (1971) ''Playing Blackjack as a Business '', Carol Publishing Group-Lyle Stuart</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://blackjackbookslibrary.com/playing-blackjack-as-business.htm|title= Revere|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.liveonlineblackjack.net/card-counting/revere-plus-minus/|title= Revere Plus-Minus|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Revere Point Count (RPC)<ref>Revere, Lawrence (1971) ''Playing Blackjack as a Business '', Carol Publishing Group-Lyle Stuart</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.liveonlineblackjack.net/card-counting/revere-point-count/|title= Revere Point Count|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | |[[Lawrence Revere]] (G. Owens)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Silver Fox<ref>Stricker, Ralph, ''Silver Fox Blackjack System'', Gambler’s Book Club, Las Vegas</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/silver-fox/|title= Silver Fox lolblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bjinsider.com/newsletter_142_fox.shtml|title= Silver Fox bjinsider|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |Ralph Stricker
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Unbalanced Zen II (UBZ2)<ref> C., George, ''The Unbalanced Zen II'' in Schlesinger, Don (2008 ) ''Blackjack Attack: Playing the Pros’ Way'', RGE Publishers</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bj21.com/boards/free/free_board/index.cgi?noframes;read=111276|title= Unbalanced Zen II bj21|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/unbalanced-zen-ii/|title= Unbalanced Zen II lolblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |George C.
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Uston Advanced Plus/Minus (APM)<ref>Uston, Ken (1998) ''Million Dollar Blackjack'', Carol Publishing Group</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lolblackjack.com/blackjack/card-counting/systems/uston-advanced-plus-minus/
| |
| − | |title= Uston Advanced Plus-Minus|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |[[Ken Uston]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Uston Advanced Point Count (APC)<ref>Uston, Ken (1998) ''Million Dollar Blackjack'', Carol Publishing Group</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.duke.edu/web/DBT/Blackjack%20Counting%20Systems.doc
| |
| − | |title= Uston APC|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -3
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |[[Ken Uston]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Uston Strongest and Simplest (SS)<ref>Uston, Ken (1998) ''Million Dollar Blackjack'', Carol Publishing Group</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.clickcasino.com/blackjack-uston-ss-count-lesson.html
| |
| − | |title= Uston Strongest and Simplest|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |3
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | |[[Ken Uston]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Wong Halves<ref>Wong, Stanford (1994) ''Professional Blackjack'', Pi Yee Pr Press</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.wonghalvesblackjackcardcountingsystem.htm
| |
| − | |title= Wong Halves wonghalvesblackjack|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blackjackage.com/wong-halves.php
| |
| − | |title= Wong Halves blackjackage|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |.5
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1.5
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |.5
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -.5
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |[[Stanford Wong]] (John Ferguson)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Zen Count<ref>Synder, Arnold (2005) ''Blackbelt in Blackjack'', Cardoza, Las Vegas</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gamesblackjack.org/strategy/card-counting/zen-count.php
| |
| − | |title= Zen Count|publisher= |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |2
| |
| − | |1
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | |0
| |
| − | | -2
| |
| − | | -1
| |
| − | |[[Arnold Snyder]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Line 329: |
Line 12: |
| | <references /> | | <references /> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==External links== |
| | + | *[http://www.geocities.ws/les_golden] Home Page |
| | + | *[http://www.mywikibiz.com/Les_Golden_(Interview)] An Interview With Les Golden |
| | + | *[http://www.mywikibiz.com/Near_Earth_Asteroid_Reconnaissance_Project] N.E.A.R. |
| | + | *[http://www.mywikibiz.com/University_of_California_Jazz_Ensembles] U.C. Jazz |
| | + | *[http://www.mywikibiz.com/KALX] KALX Radio 90.7 FM |
| | + | *[http://www.illinoisauthors.org/authors/Leslie_Morris_Golden] Illinois Authors Listing |
| | + | *[http://www.worldcat.org/title/laboratory-exercises-in-physics-for-modern-astronomy/oclc/773666079] World Catalog Listing |
| | + | *[http://www.betterworldbooks.com/les-golden-id-6136849941.aspx] Collected Writings |
| | + | *[http://www.librarything.com/profile/Les_Golden] Library Thing Listing |
| | + | * [http://www.authorsden.com/lesgolden] Authors Den Listing |
| | + | * [http://people.theiapolis.com/actor-B9C1/les-golden/sites/les-golden-actor-1000547.html] Theiapolis listing as actor |
| | + | * [http://lambiek.com/artists/g/golden_les.htm] Cartoonist listing at Comiclopedia |
| | + | * [http://www.creativehotlist.com/Individuals/details/198826] CreativeHotList |
| | + | |
| | | | |
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| | + | [[Category:American jazz trumpeters]] |
| | + | [[Category:American people of Jewish descent]] |
| | + | [[Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent]] |
| | + | [[Category:American political writers]] |
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| | + | [[Category:University of California Berkeley alumni]] |
| | + | [[Category:Film production companies of the United States]] |
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