Changes

=====1.1.2.1.  Vector Field and Control System=====

=====1.1.2.1.  Vector Field and Control System=====

Dynamically, as in a control system, intelligence is a decision process that selects an indicator of a tangent vector to follow at a point or a descriptor of a corresponding operator to apply at a point.  The pointwise indicators or descriptors can be any relevant signs or symbolic expressions:  names, code numbers, address pointers, or quoted phrases.  A "vector field" attaches to each point of phase space a single tangent vector or differential operator. The "control system" is viewed as a ready generalization of a vector field, in which whole sets of tangent vectors or differential operators are attached to each point of phase space.  The "strategy" or "policy problem" of a controller is to pick out one of these vectors to actualize at each point in accord with reaching a given target or satisfying a given property.  An individual control system is specified by information attached to each dynamic point that defines a subset of the tangent space at that point.  This pointwise defined subset is called "the indicatrix of permissible velocities" by (Arnold, 1986, chapt. 11).

Dynamically, as in a control system, intelligence is a decision process that

selects an indicator of a tangent vector to follow at a point or a descriptor

of a corresponding operator to apply at a point.  The pointwise indicators

or descriptors can be any relevant signs or symbolic expressions:  names,

code numbers, address pointers, or quoted phrases.  A "vector field" attaches

to each point of phase space a single tangent vector or differential operator.

The "control system" is viewed as a ready generalization of a vector field, in

which whole sets of tangent vectors or differential operators are attached to

each point of phase space.  The "strategy" or "policy problem" of a controller

is to pick out one of these vectors to actualize at each point in accord with

reaching a given target or satisfying a given property.  An individual control

system is specified by information attached to each dynamic point that defines

a subset of the tangent space at that point.  This pointwise defined subset is

called "the indicatrix of permissible velocities" by (Arnold, 1986, chapt. 11).

In the usage needed for combining AI and control systems to obtain

In the usage needed for combining AI and control systems to obtain autonomous intelligent systems, it is important to recognize that the pointwise indicators and descriptors must eventually have the character of symbolic expressions existing in a language of non-trivial complexity. Relating to this purpose, it does not really matter if their information is viewed as represented in the states of discrete machines or in the states of physical systems to which real and complex valued measurements are attributed.  What makes the system of indications and descriptions into a language is that its elements obey specific sets of axioms that come to be recognized as characterizing interesting classes of symbol systems.  Later on I will indicate one very broad definition of signs and symbol systems that I favor.  I find that this conception of signs and languages equips the discussion of intelligent systems with an indispensable handle on the levels of complexity that arise in their description, analysis, and clarification.

autonomous intelligent systems, it is important to recognize that the

pointwise indicators and descriptors must eventually have the character

of symbolic expressions existing in a language of non-trivial complexity.

Relating to this purpose, it does not really matter if their information

is viewed as represented in the states of discrete machines or in the

states of physical systems to which real and complex valued measurements

are attributed.  What makes the system of indications and descriptions

into a language is that its elements obey specific sets of axioms that

come to be recognized as characterizing interesting classes of symbol

systems.  Later on I will indicate one very broad definition of signs  

and symbol systems that I favor.  I find that this conception of signs

and languages equips the discussion of intelligent systems with an

indispensable handle on the levels of complexity that arise in their

description, analysis, and clarification.

1.1.2.2  Fields of Information and Knowledge

=====1.1.2.2. Fields of Information and Knowledge=====

Successive extensions of the vector field concept can be achieved by  

Successive extensions of the vector field concept can be achieved by  

generalizing the form of pointwise information defined on a phase space.

generalizing the form of pointwise information defined on a phase space.

the only means available.

the only means available.

1.1.2.3  The Trees, The Forest

=====1.1.2.3. The Trees, The Forest=====

A sticking point of the whole discussion has just been

A sticking point of the whole discussion has just been

reached.  In the idyllic setting of a knowledge field the

reached.  In the idyllic setting of a knowledge field the

hope can be evaluated a lot remains to be discovered about what, in fact, may be learnable

hope can be evaluated a lot remains to be discovered about what, in fact, may be learnable

and reasonable.

and reasonable.

1.1.3  Reality and Representation

====1.1.3. Reality and Representation====

A sidelight that arose in the characterization of intelligence is recapitulated  

A sidelight that arose in the characterization of intelligence is recapitulated  

here.  Beginning with experience described in phenomenal terms, the possibility  

here.  Beginning with experience described in phenomenal terms, the possibility  

system and the principal thing to know about the total space of phenomena it  

system and the principal thing to know about the total space of phenomena it  

manifests, and yet persist in being the last fact to be fully settled.

manifests, and yet persist in being the last fact to be fully settled.

1.1.3.1  Levels of Analysis

=====1.1.3.1. Levels of Analysis=====

The primary factorization is typically only the first in a series of analytic  

The primary factorization is typically only the first in a series of analytic  

decompositions that are needed to fully describe a complex domain of phenomena.   

decompositions that are needed to fully describe a complex domain of phenomena.   

category theory from functional to relational calculi is developed in (Freyd &  

category theory from functional to relational calculi is developed in (Freyd &  

Scedrov, 1990).

Scedrov, 1990).

1.1.3.2  Base Space and Free Space

=====1.1.3.2. Base Space and Free Space=====

The base space is intended to capture the fundamental dynamic properties of a  

The base space is intended to capture the fundamental dynamic properties of a  

system, those aspects to which the other dynamic properties may be related as  

system, those aspects to which the other dynamic properties may be related as  

but that does not affect the point in question, which concerns the uncertainty  

but that does not affect the point in question, which concerns the uncertainty  

of their discernment, not the fact of their complementarity.

of their discernment, not the fact of their complementarity.

1.1.3.3  Unabridgements

=====1.1.3.3. Unabridgements=====

Part of my task in the projected work is to make a bridge, in theory and  

Part of my task in the projected work is to make a bridge, in theory and  

practice, from simple physical systems to the more complex systems, also  

practice, from simple physical systems to the more complex systems, also  

nature?  What colophon can impress the reader with a need to read them?  What  

nature?  What colophon can impress the reader with a need to read them?  What  

instinct can motivate a basis for needing to know?

instinct can motivate a basis for needing to know?

1.1.4  Components of Intelligence

====1.1.4. Components of Intelligence====

In a complex intelligent system a number of relatively independent modules will  

In a complex intelligent system a number of relatively independent modules will  

emerge as utilities to subserve the purpose of knowledge acquisition.  Chief  

emerge as utilities to subserve the purpose of knowledge acquisition.  Chief  

and catalyze their conversion into unified forms and organizations of rational  

and catalyze their conversion into unified forms and organizations of rational  

knowledge.

knowledge.

1.1.4.1  Imagination

=====1.1.4.1. Imagination=====

The intellectual factor or knowledge component of a system is usually expected  

The intellectual factor or knowledge component of a system is usually expected  

to have a certain quality of mercy, that is, to involve actions which are  

to have a certain quality of mercy, that is, to involve actions which are  

human existence on a global scale through the discovery of natural laws.  To  

human existence on a global scale through the discovery of natural laws.  To  

view the brain as a theorem-o-stat is then fairly close to the mark.

view the brain as a theorem-o-stat is then fairly close to the mark.

1.1.4.2  Remembrance

=====1.1.4.2. Remembrance=====

The purpose of memory, on the other hand, requires states that can be duly  

The purpose of memory, on the other hand, requires states that can be duly  

constituted in fashions that are diligently preserved by the normal functioning  

constituted in fashions that are diligently preserved by the normal functioning  

An interesting, recent discussion of the problem of definition appears

An interesting, recent discussion of the problem of definition appears

in (Eco, 1983).

in (Eco, 1983).

1.2  Hodos: Methods, Media, and Middle Courses

===1.2. Hodos : Methods, Media, and Middle Courses===

To every thing there is a season.  To every concept there are minimal

To every thing there is a season.  To every concept there are minimal

contexts of sensible application, the most reduced situations in which

contexts of sensible application, the most reduced situations in which