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The information concerning the early Zuvelas of Korčula is taken from a local 19th century historian from Blato called Nikola Ostojic (below): {{quote|

The information concerning the early Zuvelas of Korčula is taken from a local 19th century historian from Blato called Nikola Ostojic (below): {{quote|

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have any history except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz by Nikola Ostojić </ref>}}  He wrote a book about the town of Vela Luka in '''1853'''. The book was published in 1953. It was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] with a slight Venetian dialect. Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12)</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries.  

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have any history except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz by Nikola Ostojić </ref>}}  He wrote a book about the town of Vela Luka in '''1853'''. The book was published in 1953. It was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] (with a slight Venetian dialect). Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12)</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries.  

In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian </ref><ref>'''Illyrian is taken from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then slowly replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula (previously know as Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a  process of Croatisation, '''Neo Shtokavian''')  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian </ref><ref>'''Illyrian is taken from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then slowly replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula (previously know as Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a  process of Croatisation, '''Neo Shtokavian''')  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

====EPIDEMIC of 1617====

====EPIDEMIC of 1617====

As we know in the early 1600s, the Zuvelas settled in a small field, Rasohatica, at the western end of the island of Korčula. Perhaps they were fleeing from the territorial conquest of the Turks that lasted for centuries. Even after the conquest of the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) many people wanted to escape, and some of it is well documented. Pandemics were present and were part of the Levant’s main trade route. Before the arrival of Zuvela on Korčula, there was an epidemic and depopulation. This made a lot of new land available. Below is by doctor Nikola Bačić 2007:  

As we know in the early 1600s, the Zuvelas settled in a small field, Rasohatica, at the western end of the island of Korčula. Perhaps they were fleeing from the territorial conquest of the Turks that lasted for centuries. Even after the conquest of the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) many people wanted to escape, and some of it is well documented. Pandemics were present and were part of the Levant’s main trade route. Before the arrival of Zuvela on Korčula, there was an epidemic and depopulation. This made a lot of new land available. Below information is from doctor Nikola Bačić 2007:  

{{quote|

{{quote|

Other circular dry stone buildings which are closest to Korčula are in southern Italy (Trullo). They are in and around the town of Alberobello (in the province of Bari). Also they are found in Istria, called ‘Kažun’ which is also in Croatia.

Other circular dry stone buildings which are closest to Korčula are in southern Italy (Trullo). They are in and around the town of Alberobello (in the province of Bari). Also they are found in Istria, called ‘Kažun’ which is also in Croatia.

[[File:PZ HERETOV Rotunda (1).jpg||thumb|center|505px|HERETOV Rotunda. Image is of HERETOV’s Rotunda. Circular dry-stone building Zuvela in Strmena. The old term I think it would be a Rotunda as in ‘Heretovska Rotunda’. The Zuvelas got the building technique from a family which migrated to Korčula from Istria (Nazor).]]

[[File:PZ HERETOV Rotunda (1).jpg||thumb|center|505px|HERETOV Rotunda. Image is of HERETOV’s Rotunda. Circular dry-stone building Zuvela in Strmena. The old term would be ''''Rotunda'''' as in ‘Heretovska Rotunda’. The Zuvelas got the building technique from a family which migrated to Korčula from Istria (Nazor).]]

== New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) 1892-1924 ==

== New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) 1892-1924 ==

'''Additional''' surnames similar to Zuvella but not of Korčula origins:

'''Additional''' surnames similar to Zuvella but not of Korčula origins:

* Athena Zouvella from Zakynthos, Greece 1922  [http://www.ellisisland.org/search/matchMore.asp?LNM=ZOUVELLA&PLNM=ZOUVELLA&kind=exact&offset=0&dwpdone=1] Zouvella from Zakynthos is the closest spelling to Xuvella. I assume that the Greek source was Zouvelos (Ζουβέλος). With the arrival of the Republic of Venice in the coastal area (Greece), it is possible that the old Venetian influence made it Zouvella (modern Zouvela).  

* Athena Zouvella from Zakynthos, Greece 1922  [http://www.ellisisland.org/search/matchMore.asp?LNM=ZOUVELLA&PLNM=ZOUVELLA&kind=exact&offset=0&dwpdone=1] Zouvella from Zakynthos is the closest spelling to Xuvella. I assume that the Greek source was '''Zouvelos''' (Ζουβέλος). With the arrival of the Republic of Venice in the coastal area (Greece), it is possible that the old Venetian influence made it Zouvella (modern Zouvela).  

   

   

* Felippa Zavello Ianain 1892  

* Felippa Zavello Ianain 1892  

With the current data available, I can confirm that the newcomers Xuvella had three sons:  

With the current data available, I can confirm that the newcomers Xuvella had three sons:  

*Antonio had a son called Jakov (Giacobbe).<ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes  ''"….  Jakovu [Giacobbe] Žuveliću  of late Antun [Antonio] one small piece of land ..... "''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168.</ref>

*Antonio had a son called '''Jakov''' (Giacobbe).<ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes  ''"….  Jakovu [Giacobbe] Žuveliću  of late Antun [Antonio] one small piece of land ..... "''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168.</ref>

*Cosma had a son called Ivan (Giovanni).<ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes  ''"…. or Ivan [Giovanni] son of the late Kuzma [Cosma] 22nd of December 1672"''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168.

*Cosma had a son called '''Ivan''' (Giovanni).<ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes  ''"…. or Ivan [Giovanni] son of the late Kuzma [Cosma] 22nd of December 1672"''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168.

According to Zvonko Maričić, Ivan (Giovanni Xuvella) was a witness to a contract being signed in 1672 and '''his father was Kuzme''' (Cosma Xuvella).  '''Cosma Xuvella''' is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family trees as being born on the island, this may indicate him as a migrant arrival.

According to Zvonko Maričić, Ivan (Giovanni Xuvella) was a witness to a contract being signed in 1672 and '''his father was Kuzme''' (Cosma Xuvella).  '''Cosma Xuvella''' is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family trees as being born on the island, this may indicate him as a migrant arrival.

'''Please note''': It would seem that the Xuvellas could read. We are looking at Old Venetian and Latin. </ref>

'''Please note''': It would seem that the Xuvellas could read. We are looking at Old Venetian and Latin. </ref>

*Matteo had a son called Antun (Antonio) who was born '''1651''' on Korčula. <ref>According to one of the Zuvela family tree Antonio (Ante) '''Jnr''' was '''born 1651''' and is the son of Matteo. '''Matteo Xuvella''' is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family tree as being born on the island of Korčula.</ref>

*Matteo had a son called '''Antun''' (Antonio) who was born '''1651''' on Korčula. <ref>According to one of the Zuvela family tree Antonio (Ante) '''Jnr''' was '''born 1651''' and is the son of Matteo. '''Matteo Xuvella''' is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family tree as being born on the island of Korčula.</ref>

'''Antun''' (Antonio) then married Frana and they had five children (Matteo's grand children):  

Antun (Antonio ''or'' Ante) then married Frana and they had five children (Matteo's grand children):  

* '''Matija''' (Matteo) born 1670 (Matija married Kata)  

* '''Matija''' (Matteo) born 1670 (Matija married Kata)  

* '''Marin''' (Marino) 1675  

* '''Marin''' (Marino) 1675  

* '''Jaka''' (Jacquilin) 1683  

* '''Jaka''' (Jacquilin) 1683  

* '''Nikola''' (Nicolo) 1684  

* '''Nikola''' (Nicolo) 1684  

Referenced from the '''Zuvela - Grizun''' family tree as Antun and Frana Žuvela [Antonio and Francisca Xuvella] who in total had five children.

Referenced from the Zuvela - Grizun family tree as Antun and Frana Žuvela (Antonio and Francisca Xuvella) who in total had five children.

====Are all Zuvelas descended from these individuals ?====

====Are all Zuvelas descended from these individuals ?====