Line 7,448: |
Line 7,448: |
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| "blank " = "blank"·" " = "blank"·blank | | "blank " = "blank"·" " = "blank"·blank |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 141
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| A few definitions from formal language theory are required at this point. | | A few definitions from formal language theory are required at this point. |
Line 7,508: |
Line 7,500: |
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| A "token" is a particular appearance of a sign. | | A "token" is a particular appearance of a sign. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 142
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| The informal mechanisms that have been illustrated in the immediately preceding | | The informal mechanisms that have been illustrated in the immediately preceding |
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Line 7,544: |
| NB. In this transcription, the symbols "-(" and ")-" | | NB. In this transcription, the symbols "-(" and ")-" |
| will serve for the logically significant parentheses. | | will serve for the logically significant parentheses. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 143
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− |
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| The discussion that follows is intended to serve a dual purpose, | | The discussion that follows is intended to serve a dual purpose, |
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Line 7,602: |
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| Surc^k_j z_j = (Surc^(k-1)_j z_j) · ")-"^(-1) · "," · z_k · ")-". | | Surc^k_j z_j = (Surc^(k-1)_j z_j) · ")-"^(-1) · "," · z_k · ")-". |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 144
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| The definitions of the foregoing syntactic operations can now be organized in | | The definitions of the foregoing syntactic operations can now be organized in |
Line 7,695: |
Line 7,663: |
| constant functions, whatever sequences of strings z_j | | constant functions, whatever sequences of strings z_j |
| may happen to be listed as their ostensible arguments. | | may happen to be listed as their ostensible arguments. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 145
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| Having defined the basic operations of concatenation and surcatenation | | Having defined the basic operations of concatenation and surcatenation |
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Line 7,717: |
| these complementary forms of analysis and synthesis to articulate the | | these complementary forms of analysis and synthesis to articulate the |
| structures of strings and sentences in two directions. | | structures of strings and sentences in two directions. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 146
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| The "painted cactus language" with paints in the | | The "painted cactus language" with paints in the |
Line 7,803: |
Line 7,755: |
| to start with an arbitrary PARCE and then finds a reason to delete or | | to start with an arbitrary PARCE and then finds a reason to delete or |
| to erase all of its paints. | | to erase all of its paints. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 147
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− |
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| Only one thing remains to cast this description of the cactus language | | Only one thing remains to cast this description of the cactus language |
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Line 7,827: |
| the strings in the disjoint union {"S"} |_| (!Q! |_| !A!)* are known | | the strings in the disjoint union {"S"} |_| (!Q! |_| !A!)* are known |
| as the "sentential forms" of the associated grammar. | | as the "sentential forms" of the associated grammar. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 148
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− |
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| In forming a grammar for a language, statements of the form W :> W', | | In forming a grammar for a language, statements of the form W :> W', |
Line 7,926: |
Line 7,862: |
| where any of the symbols "t", "T", "S" can be taken to signify either the | | where any of the symbols "t", "T", "S" can be taken to signify either the |
| tokens or the subtypes of their covering types. | | tokens or the subtypes of their covering types. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 149
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| Employing the notion of a covering relation it becomes possible to | | Employing the notion of a covering relation it becomes possible to |
Line 7,995: |
Line 7,923: |
| how the two features interact with one another, and then I return to address | | how the two features interact with one another, and then I return to address |
| in further detail the questions that they engender on their individual bases. | | in further detail the questions that they engender on their individual bases. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 150
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− |
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| In the process of developing a grammar for a language, it is possible | | In the process of developing a grammar for a language, it is possible |
Line 8,091: |
Line 8,011: |
| expression merely to account for and to recount every increment in the parameter | | expression merely to account for and to recount every increment in the parameter |
| of iteration. | | of iteration. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 151
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| Returning to the case of the cactus language, the process of recognizing an | | Returning to the case of the cactus language, the process of recognizing an |
Line 8,216: |
Line 8,128: |
| T = !e! and S = !e! on the covered side of the rule, | | T = !e! and S = !e! on the covered side of the rule, |
| bears the germinal implication that T :> ",". | | bears the germinal implication that T :> ",". |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 152
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| Grammar 2 achieves a portion of its success through a higher degree of | | Grammar 2 achieves a portion of its success through a higher degree of |
Line 8,305: |
Line 8,209: |
| a tract. The last two Rules say that a tract T is either a sentence S or | | a tract. The last two Rules say that a tract T is either a sentence S or |
| else the concatenation of a tract, a comma, and a sentence, in that order. | | else the concatenation of a tract, a comma, and a sentence, in that order. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 153
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| At this point in the succession of grammars for !C!(!P!), the explicit | | At this point in the succession of grammars for !C!(!P!), the explicit |
Line 8,374: |
Line 8,270: |
| Consequences of the distinction between empty expressions and | | Consequences of the distinction between empty expressions and |
| significant expressions are taken up for discussion next time. | | significant expressions are taken up for discussion next time. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 154
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| With the distinction between empty and significant expressions in mind, | | With the distinction between empty and significant expressions in mind, |
Line 8,500: |
Line 8,388: |
| and also to enumerate a larger number of the smallest cases that can | | and also to enumerate a larger number of the smallest cases that can |
| be observed to fall under each significant type. | | be observed to fall under each significant type. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 155
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| | | |
| With the array of foregoing considerations in mind, | | With the array of foregoing considerations in mind, |
Line 8,570: |
Line 8,450: |
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| o-------------------------------------------------o | | o-------------------------------------------------o |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 156
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (cont.)
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| Finally, it is worth trying to bring together the advantages of these | | Finally, it is worth trying to bring together the advantages of these |
Line 8,646: |
Line 8,518: |
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| is a sentence. | | is a sentence. |
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | IDS. Note 157
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | 1.3.10.9. The Cactus Language: Syntax (concl.)
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| It is fitting to wrap up the foregoing developments by summarizing the | | It is fitting to wrap up the foregoing developments by summarizing the |
Line 8,783: |
Line 8,647: |
| |'Machines, Languages, and Computation', | | |'Machines, Languages, and Computation', |
| | Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978. | | | Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978. |
| + | </pre> |
| | | |
− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
| + | =====1.3.10.10. The Cactus Language : Stylistics===== |
− | | |
− | IDS. Note 158
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− | o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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− | | |
− | 1.3.10.10. The Cactus Language: Stylistics | |
| | | |
| + | <pre> |
| | As a result, we can hardly conceive of how many possibilities there are for what | | | As a result, we can hardly conceive of how many possibilities there are for what |
| | we call objective reality. Our sharp quills of knowledge are so narrow and so | | | we call objective reality. Our sharp quills of knowledge are so narrow and so |