Changes

=====Narodnjaci=====

=====Narodnjaci=====

*The National Party (Narodnjaci) from the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Austro-Hungarian Empire). The second half of the 19th century and early 20th century.

*The National Party (Narodnjaci) from the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Austro-Hungarian Empire). The second half of the 19th century and early 20th century.

=====Antonio Bajamonti=====

=====Antonio Bajamonti=====

Antonio (Ante) Bajamonti, the most prominent Dalmatian Italian in history, once remarked:

Antonio (Ante) Bajamonti, the most prominent Dalmatian Italian in history, once remarked:

{{Cquote|''No joy, only pain and tears, is brought by being a part of the Italian Party in Dalmatia. We, the Italians of Dalmatia, retain a single right to suffer.''<ref>A.Bajamonti, ''Discorso inaugurale della Società Politica dalmata'', Spalato 1886</ref>}}

{{Cquote|''No joy, only pain and tears, is brought by being a part of the Italian Party in Dalmatia. We, the Italians of Dalmatia, retain a single right to suffer.''<ref>A.Bajamonti, ''Discorso inaugurale della Società Politica dalmata'', Spalato 1886</ref>}}

===== Zadar (Zara) during and after World War II =====

===== Zadar (Zara) during and after World War II =====

The chapter below is taken from the Secret Dalmatia Blog site, it is written by Alan Mandic.{{Cquote|''The Italian majority in Zadar was first hurt by the [[Directory:American Journals and the Strategic Bombing of Germany|Allied bombings]] and then chased away by the [[Communists|communist]] rule. In those terrible times, many people were looking for all sorts of revenges: from personal to national and many of [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Ethnic cleansing, Post-World War Two Camps & Communist Concentration Camps|Zadar’s Italians]] perished.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Foibe+massacres+Refugees+in+the+Age+of+Total+War+by+Anna+Bramwell&hl=en&ei=pApCTdDhCIa8cKvn6d0N&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell (p136, ''read '''Zara'''''-p137)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PR12&dq=A+tragedy+revealed:+the+story+of+the+Italian+population+of+Istria,+Dalmatia+Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=PJI9TZ6vMoP5cb3LlIYH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco. (p12  & [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA81&dq=A+tragedy+revealed+Zadra&hl=en&ei=_1BjTfX8HIamugPH9r28Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  ''read ''page 81] '''Zadar'''/Zara)</ref> (Note: References added by Editor) Some say that bones of many are still in one of the caves of Levrnaka in Kornati, many managed to escape and leave their beloved city for good, some stayed and formed a small Italian community. Among those who went from their homes were Ottavio Missoni (fashion designer born in Dubrovnik)''. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://secretdalmatia.wordpress.com/2010/11/24/zadar-the-charming-past/| title=Zadar – The postcards from the past|date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-25}}</ref>}}

The chapter below is taken from the Secret Dalmatia Blog site, it is written by Alan Mandic.{{Cquote|''The Italian majority in Zadar was first hurt by the [[Directory:American Journals and the Strategic Bombing of Germany|Allied bombings]] and then chased away by the [[Communists|communist]] rule. In those terrible times, many people were looking for all sorts of revenges: from personal to national and many of [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Ethnic cleansing, Post-World War Two Camps & Communist Concentration Camps|Zadar’s Italians]] perished.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Foibe+massacres+Refugees+in+the+Age+of+Total+War+by+Anna+Bramwell&hl=en&ei=pApCTdDhCIa8cKvn6d0N&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell (p136, ''read '''Zara'''''-p137)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PR12&dq=A+tragedy+revealed:+the+story+of+the+Italian+population+of+Istria,+Dalmatia+Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=PJI9TZ6vMoP5cb3LlIYH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco. (p12  & [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA81&dq=A+tragedy+revealed+Zadra&hl=en&ei=_1BjTfX8HIamugPH9r28Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  ''read ''page 81] '''Zadar'''/Zara)</ref> (Note: References added by Editor) Some say that bones of many are still in one of the caves of Levrnaka in Kornati, many managed to escape and leave their beloved city for good, some stayed and formed a small Italian community. Among those who went from their homes were Ottavio Missoni (fashion designer born in Dubrovnik)''. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://secretdalmatia.wordpress.com/2010/11/24/zadar-the-charming-past/| title=Zadar – The postcards from the past|date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-25}}</ref>}}

 

==More on Yugoslavia's once hidden history:==

==More on Yugoslavia's once hidden history:==

*Quote from  the [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"|European Public Hearing]] on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes": {{Cquote| ''Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes. The taboo to hide the  crimes of Titoism was meant to conceal the War-time and post-War murders of civilians and prisoners of war without trials. Their graves were levelled and in Slovenia it was forbidden to talk about their fate. Repressive organs controlled the burials sites and the living were strictly forbidden to mention the victims or the graves. The so-called system of preserving and developing revolutionary heritage was used by the [[Communists|Communist Party]] to implement a monopoly on the truth.'' <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf''' European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] (p201) </ref><ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en European EU's press releases concerning European Public Hearing on:]  “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regime-'''Brussels'''"</ref>}}

*Quote from  the [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"|European Public Hearing]] on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes": {{Cquote| ''Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes. The taboo to hide the  crimes of Titoism was meant to conceal the War-time and post-War murders of civilians and prisoners of war without trials. Their graves were levelled and in Slovenia it was forbidden to talk about their fate. Repressive organs controlled the burials sites and the living were strictly forbidden to mention the victims or the graves. The so-called system of preserving and developing revolutionary heritage was used by the [[Communists|Communist Party]] to implement a monopoly on the truth.'' <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf''' European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] (p201) </ref><ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en European EU's press releases concerning European Public Hearing on:]  “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regime-'''Brussels'''"</ref>}}

* "Discussions between Ottoman officials (many of whom were of Slavic origin) and Ragusan envoys were frequently carried out in “our language” (proto- Serbo- Croatian), and both sides (these particular Ottomans and the Ragusan diplomats)"</ref> its ethnic population changed dramatically mainly due to various historical events in Europe. It became a hub of multi-ethnic communities. The most numerous of these were the Slavs. The peoples of the Republic started to merge (including mixed marriages). Additionally the Ragusan-Slavic population were Romanised, meaning they adopted Latin Mediterranean culture. A form of [[Italian language|Italian]] was spoken in the Republic, which was heavily influenced by Venetian. Books were written in Italian and Latin. Some Ragusans started to write in a Slavic language. Two languages (which at times overlapped) became the norm in the Republic.

* "Discussions between Ottoman officials (many of whom were of Slavic origin) and Ragusan envoys were frequently carried out in “our language” (proto- Serbo- Croatian), and both sides (these particular Ottomans and the Ragusan diplomats)"</ref> its ethnic population changed dramatically mainly due to various historical events in Europe. It became a hub of multi-ethnic communities. The most numerous of these were the Slavs. The peoples of the Republic started to merge (including mixed marriages). Additionally the Ragusan-Slavic population were Romanised, meaning they adopted Latin Mediterranean culture. A form of [[Italian language|Italian]] was spoken in the Republic, which was heavily influenced by Venetian. Books were written in Italian and Latin. Some Ragusans started to write in a Slavic language. Two languages (which at times overlapped) became the norm in the Republic.

[[File:800px-Dubrovnik 042.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Dubrovnik once the capital of the Republic of Ragusa now within todays modern [[Croatia]]. The ''Republic'' in the past was a hub of multi-ethnic communities.]]

[[File:800px-Dubrovnik 042.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Dubrovnik once the capital of the Republic of Ragusa now within todays modern [[Croatia]]. The ''Republic'' in the past was a hub of multi-ethnic communities.]]

During the Napoleonic Wars the Republic of Ragusa ceased to be. In 1815 it was made a part of the Habsburg Empire (later renamed the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The former Republic was within the province of the Kingdom of Dalmatia and under Austrian rule. In essence it was occupied. Former Republic of Ragusa borders were opened up. Peoples who were once foreigners (even enemies), were now citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The political situation stated to change and one of them was the nationalistic movement of the 19th century. In the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia a Croatian nationalistic movement was established and along side that within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing. These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia.

During the Napoleonic Wars the ''Republic of Ragusa'' ceased to be. In 1815 it was made a part of the Habsburg Empire (later renamed the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The former Republic was within the province of the Kingdom of Dalmatia and under [[Austria|Austrian]] rule. In essence it was occupied. Former Republic of Ragusa borders were opened up. Peoples who were once foreigners (even enemies), were now citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The political situation stated to change and one of them was the nationalistic movement of the 19th century. In the''' Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia''' a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and along side that within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing. These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia.

   

   

The Austrians in the 1860s started to introduced within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the  Dalmatian establishment. It also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed.

The Austrians in the 1860s started to introduced within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the  Dalmatian establishment. It also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. <ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (in Croatian-p8)</ref> The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed.

   

   

A process of [[Croatisation]] of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the late 19th century and this process is still continuing today. Firstly as it relates to the Ragusan-Slavic history and now Ragusan-Italianic history.

A process of [[Croatisation]] of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the late 19th century and this process is still continuing today. Firstly as it relates to the Ragusan-Slavic history <ref>'''Note''': Gianfrancesco Gondola (1589 -1638) a  Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa is now a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.  Ivan Gundulic's wrote the poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman] In 1967 her was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic"''  taken from Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić.</ref> and now Ragusan-Italianic history.

==Notes and References==

==Notes and References==