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'''Croatisation'''  is a term used to describe a process of cultural assimilation, and its consequences, in which people or lands ethnically partially Croat or non-Croat become -voluntary or forced- Croat.

'''Croatisation'''  is a term used to describe a process of cultural assimilation, and its consequences, in which people or lands ethnically partially Croat or non Croat become voluntary or forced Croat.

== Croatisation of Serbs ==

== Croatisation of Serbs ==

Serbs have been victims of Croatisation throughout history.

Serbs have been victims of Croatisation throughout history.

=== Uskoks ===

==== Uskoks ====

A large part of the Habsburg unit of [[Uskoks]], who fought a guerilla war with the [[Ottoman Empire]] were [[Serbs|ethnic Serbs]] ([[Serbian Orthodox Christian]]) who fled from Ottoman Turkish rule and settled in [[Bela Krajina]] and [[Zumberak]].<ref name="Davies">Europe:A History by Norman Davies (1996), p. 561.</ref><ref name="Goffman">Goffman (2002), p. 190.</ref><ref name="ER">http://books.google.se/books?id=ovCVDLYN_JgC</ref><ref name="GEO">http://books.google.se/books?id=0pmkrY29qkIC</ref>

A large part of the Habsburg unit of [[Uskoks]], who fought a guerilla war with the Ottoman Empire were ethnic Serbs (Serbian Orthodox Christian) who fled from Ottoman Turkish rule and settled in [[Bela Krajina]] and [[Zumberak]].<ref name="Davies">Europe:A History by Norman Davies (1996), p. 561.</ref><ref name="Goffman">Goffman (2002), p. 190.</ref><ref name="ER">http://books.google.se/books?id=ovCVDLYN_JgC</ref><ref name="GEO">http://books.google.se/books?id=0pmkrY29qkIC</ref>

[[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]] in the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Croatian Military Frontier]] were out of the jurisdiction of the [[Serbs|Serbian]] [[Patriarchate of Peć]] and in [[1611]], after demands from the community, the Pope establishes the [[Eparchy of Marča]] (''Vratanija'') with seat at the Serbian-built [[Marča Monastery]] and instates a [[Byzantine]] [[vicar]] as bishop sub-ordinate to the [[Roman Catholic]] [[bishop of Zagreb]], working to bring Serbian Orthodox Christians into communion with Rome which caused struggle of power between the Catholics and the Serbs over the region. In 1695 Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of ''[[Lika]]-[[Krbava]] and [[Zrinopolje]]'' is established by metropolitan [[Atanasije Ljubojevic]] and certified by Emperor [[Josef I]] in 1707. In 1735 the Serbian Orthodox protested in the Marča Monastery and becomes part of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] until 1753 when the Pope restores the Roman Catholic clergy. On June 17, 1777 the [[Eparchy of Križevci]] is permanently established by [[Pope Pius VI]] with see at [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], near [[Zagreb]], thus forming the [[Croatian Greek Catholic Church]] which would after World War I include other people; Rusyns and Ukrainians of [[Yugoslavia]].<ref name="ER"/><ref name="GEO"/>

Serbs of Croatia in the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Croatian Military Frontier]] were out of the jurisdiction of the [[Serbs|Serbian]] [[Patriarchate of Peć]] and in [[1611]], after demands from the community, the Pope establishes the [[Eparchy of Marča]] (''Vratanija'') with seat at the Serbian-built [[Marča Monastery]] and instates a [[Byzantine]] [[vicar]] as bishop sub-ordinate to the [[Roman Catholic]] [[bishop of Zagreb]], working to bring Serbian Orthodox Christians into communion with Rome which caused struggle of power between the Catholics and the Serbs over the region. In 1695 Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of ''[[Lika]]-[[Krbava]] and [[Zrinopolje]]'' is established by metropolitan [[Atanasije Ljubojevic]] and certified by Emperor [[Josef I]] in 1707. In 1735 the Serbian Orthodox protested in the Marča Monastery and becomes part of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] until 1753 when the Pope restores the Roman Catholic clergy. On June 17, 1777 the [[Eparchy of Križevci]] is permanently established by [[Pope Pius VI]] with see at [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], near [[Zagreb]], thus forming the [[Croatian Greek Catholic Church]] which would after World War I include other people; Rusyns and Ukrainians of [[Yugoslavia]].<ref name="ER"/><ref name="GEO"/>

Catholic Croats of [[Turopolje]] and [[Gornja Stubica]] celebrate the [[Đurđevdan]] (''Jurjevo''), a Serbian tradition maintained by Uskoks descendants (adjacent to [[White Carniola]], where [[Serbs in Slovenia|Serbs formed communities]] in 1528).

Catholic Croats of Turopolje and [[Gornja Stubica]] celebrate the [[Đurđevdan]] (''Jurjevo''), a Serbian tradition maintained by Uskoks descendants (adjacent to [[White Carniola]], where [[Serbs in Slovenia|Serbs formed communities]] in 1528).

== Croatia in the Austrian Empire ==

== Croatia in the Austrian Empire ==

==Croatisation of Italy's Julian March and Zadar==   

==Croatisation of Italy's Julian March and Zadar==   

Even with a predominant Croatian majority, [[Dalmatia]] retained relatively large [[Italian people|Italian communities]] in the coast (Italian majority in some cities and islands, largest concentration in [[Istria]]). Italians in Dalmatia kept key political positions and Croatian majority had to make an enormous effort to get Croatian language into schools and offices. Most [[Dalmatian Italians]] gradually assimilated to the prevailing Croatian culture and language between the 1860s and World War I, although [[Italian language]] and culture remained present in Dalmatia. The community was granted minority rights in the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]; during the Italian occupation of Dalmatia in World War II, it was caught in the ethnic violence towards non-Italians during fascist repression: what remained of the community fled the area after World War II. <ref>Društvo književnika Hrvatske, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=JlYZTMOvNsaj_Qa_4MGSDA&ct=result&hl=it&id=mX9lAAAAMAAJ&dqs&q=Croatisation+after+World+War+II#search_anchor Bridge]'', Volume 1995, Nubers 9-10, Croatian literature series - Ministarstvo kulture, Croatian Writer's Association, 1989</ref>   

Even with a predominant Croatian majority, Dalmatia retained relatively large Italian communities in the coast (Italian majority in some cities and islands, largest concentration in Istria). Italians in Dalmatia kept key political positions and Croatian majority had to make an enormous effort to get Croatian language into schools and offices. Most [[Dalmatian Italians]] gradually assimilated to the prevailing Croatian culture and language between the 1860s and World War I, although [[Italian language]] and culture remained present in Dalmatia. The community was granted minority rights in the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]; during the Italian occupation of Dalmatia in World War II, it was caught in the ethnic violence towards non-Italians during fascist repression: what remained of the community fled the area after World War II. <ref>Društvo književnika Hrvatske, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=JlYZTMOvNsaj_Qa_4MGSDA&ct=result&hl=it&id=mX9lAAAAMAAJ&dqs&q=Croatisation+after+World+War+II#search_anchor Bridge]'', Volume 1995, Nubers 9-10, Croatian literature series - Ministarstvo kulture, Croatian Writer's Association, 1989</ref>   

The history took its turn: while from 1919. - 1945. Italian Fascists stated by the proclamation that all Croatian and other non-Italian surnames must be turned to Italian ones (which they had chosen for every surname, so ''Anić'' became ''Anetti'', ''Babačić Babetti'' etc.; 115.157 [[Croats]] and other non-Italians were forced to change their surname), the Italian community of Istria and Dalmatia were forced to change their names to Croats and Yugoslav, during Tito's Yugoslavia.<ref>Nenad Vekarić, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=KFgZTNfzEpCL_Aau86X7Cw&ct=result&hl=it&id=711mAAAAMAAJ&dq=&q=%22Croatization+of+Italian+family+names%22#search_anchor Pelješki rodovi]'', Vol. 2, HAZU, 1996 - ISBN 9789531540322</ref><ref>Jasminka Udovički and James Ridgeway, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GuGe9fy4raoC&pg=PA287&dq=croatization+against+italian+-wikipedia&hl=en&ei=kr8HTJqhAYOBOMOI5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=world%20war%20italian%20croatization&f=false Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia]</ref>   

The history took its turn: while from 1919. - 1945. Italian Fascists stated by the proclamation that all Croatian and other non-Italian surnames must be turned to Italian ones (which they had chosen for every surname, so ''Anić'' became ''Anetti'', ''Babačić Babetti'' etc.; 115.157 [[Croats]] and other non-Italians were forced to change their surname), the Italian community of Istria and Dalmatia were forced to change their names to Croats and Yugoslav, during Tito's Yugoslavia.<ref>Nenad Vekarić, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=KFgZTNfzEpCL_Aau86X7Cw&ct=result&hl=it&id=711mAAAAMAAJ&dq=&q=%22Croatization+of+Italian+family+names%22#search_anchor Pelješki rodovi]'', Vol. 2, HAZU, 1996 - ISBN 9789531540322</ref><ref>Jasminka Udovički and James Ridgeway, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GuGe9fy4raoC&pg=PA287&dq=croatization+against+italian+-wikipedia&hl=en&ei=kr8HTJqhAYOBOMOI5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=world%20war%20italian%20croatization&f=false Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia]</ref>   

      

      

The same happened - but with lower incidence - with Italians in Istria and [[Fiume]] who were the majority of the population in most of the coastal areas in the first half of the 19th century, while at the beginning of World War I they numbered less than 50%.   

The same happened - but with lower incidence - with Italians in Istria and Rijeka (Fiume) who were the majority of the population in most of the coastal areas in the first half of the 19th century, while at the beginning of World War I they numbered less than 50%.   

      

      

After World War II most of the Italians left Istria and the cities of Italian Dalmatia in the [[Istrian exodus|Istrian-Dalmatian exodus]].<ref>Several estimates of the Istrian-Julian exodus by historians:   

After World War II most of the Italians left Istria and the cities of Italian Dalmatia in the [[Istrian exodus|Istrian-Dalmatian exodus]].<ref>Several estimates of the Istrian-Julian exodus by historians: