Changes

'''Article''' transfer from [[Wikipedia]]. Article has a history of extreme bias editing. This is the version of the article as of 11:43, 8 January 2011 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatisation&diff=prev&oldid=406661503 (''link'')] prior to recent extreme bias editing. It seems that Wikipedia has problems interpreting Yugoslav Communists regimes polices.   

'''Article''' transfer from [[Wikipedia]]. Article has a history of extreme bias editing. This is the version of the article as of 11:43, 8 January 2011 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatisation&diff=prev&oldid=406661503 (''link'')] prior to recent extreme bias editing. It seems that Wikipedia has problems interpreting Yugoslav Communists regimes polices.   

== Croatisation with Peter Z Edits==

== Croatisation with Peter Z Edits==

'''Croatisation''' or '''Croatization'''  is a term used to describe a process of cultural assimilation, and its consequences, in which people or lands ethnically partially Croats or non-Croat become -voluntary or forced- Croatians.

'''Croatisation''' or '''Croatization'''  is a term used to describe a process of cultural assimilation, and its consequences, in which people or lands ethnically partially Croats or non-Croat become -voluntary or forced-Croatians.

== Croatia under Austrian rule ==

== Croatia under Austrian rule ==

==Croatisation of Italy's Julian March and Zadar==

==Croatisation of Italy's Julian March and Zadar==

Even with a predominant Croatian majority, Dalmatia retained relatively large [[Italy|Italian communities]] in the coast (Italian majority in the cities and the islands, largest concentration in Istria). Italians in Dalmatia kept key political positions and Croatian majority had to make an enormous effort  to get Croatian language into schools and offices.  Most [[Dalmatian Italians]] gradually assimilated to the prevailing Croatian culture and language between the 1860s and World War I, although [[Italian language]] and culture remained present in Dalmatia. The community was granted minority rights in the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]; during the Italian occupation of Dalmatia in World War II, it was caught in the ethnic violence towards non-Italians during fascist repression: what remained of the community fled the area after World War II. <ref>Društvo književnika Hrvatske, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=JlYZTMOvNsaj_Qa_4MGSDA&ct=result&hl=it&id=mX9lAAAAMAAJ&dqs&q=Croatisation+after+World+War+II#search_anchor Bridge]'', Volume 1995, Nubers 9-10, Croatian literature series - Ministarstvo kulture, Croatian Writer's Association, 1989</ref>

Even with a predominant Croatian majority, Dalmatia retained relatively large [[Italy|Italian communities]] in the coast (Italian majority in the cities and the islands, largest concentration in Istria). Italians in Dalmatia kept key political positions and Croatian majority had to make an enormous effort  to get Croatian language into schools and offices.  Most [[Dalmatian Italians]] gradually assimilated to the prevailing Croatian culture and language between the 1860s and World War I, although [[Italian language]] and culture remained present in Dalmatia. The community was granted minority rights in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia; during the Italian occupation of Dalmatia in World War II, it was caught in the ethnic violence towards non-Italians during fascist repression: what remained of the community fled the area after World War II. <ref>Društvo književnika Hrvatske, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=JlYZTMOvNsaj_Qa_4MGSDA&ct=result&hl=it&id=mX9lAAAAMAAJ&dqs&q=Croatisation+after+World+War+II#search_anchor Bridge]'', Volume 1995, Nubers 9-10, Croatian literature series - Ministarstvo kulture, Croatian Writer's Association, 1989</ref>

The history took its turn: while from 1919. - 1945. Italian Fascists stated by the proclamation that all Croatian and other non-Italian surnames must be turned to Italian ones (which they had chosen for every surname, so ''Anić'' became ''Anetti'', ''Babačić Babetti'' etc.; 115.157 [[Croats]] and other non-Italians were forced to change their surname),<ref>Hrvoje Mezulić i Romano Jelić ''[http://www.vjesnik.hr/Pdf/2005%5C12%5C10%5C34A34.PDF]''  (Croatian)]</ref> the Italian community of Istria and Dalmatia were forced to change their names to Croats and Yugoslav, during Tito's Yugoslavia.<ref>Nenad Vekarić, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=KFgZTNfzEpCL_Aau86X7Cw&ct=result&hl=it&id=711mAAAAMAAJ&dq=&q=%22Croatization+of+Italian+family+names%22#search_anchor Pelješki rodovi]'', Vol. 2, HAZU, 1996 - ISBN 9789531540322</ref><ref>Jasminka Udovički and James Ridgeway, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GuGe9fy4raoC&pg=PA287&dq=croatization+against+italian+-wikipedia&hl=en&ei=kr8HTJqhAYOBOMOI5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=world%20war%20italian%20croatization&f=false Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia]</ref>

The history took its turn: while from 1919. - 1945. Italian Fascists stated by the proclamation that all Croatian and other non-Italian surnames must be turned to Italian ones (which they had chosen for every surname, so ''Anić'' became ''Anetti'', ''Babačić Babetti'' etc.; 115.157 [[Croats]] and other non-Italians were forced to change their surname),<ref>Hrvoje Mezulić i Romano Jelić ''[http://www.vjesnik.hr/Pdf/2005%5C12%5C10%5C34A34.PDF]''  (Croatian)]</ref> the Italian community of Istria and Dalmatia were forced to change their names to Croats and Yugoslav, during Tito's Yugoslavia.<ref>Nenad Vekarić, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=KFgZTNfzEpCL_Aau86X7Cw&ct=result&hl=it&id=711mAAAAMAAJ&dq=&q=%22Croatization+of+Italian+family+names%22#search_anchor Pelješki rodovi]'', Vol. 2, HAZU, 1996 - ISBN 9789531540322</ref><ref>Jasminka Udovički and James Ridgeway, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GuGe9fy4raoC&pg=PA287&dq=croatization+against+italian+-wikipedia&hl=en&ei=kr8HTJqhAYOBOMOI5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=world%20war%20italian%20croatization&f=false Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia]</ref>

The Croatisation during [[Independent State of Croatia]] (NDH) was aimed primarily to Serbs, with Italian, Jews and Roma to a lesser degree. The [[Ustaše]] aim was a "pure Croatia" and the biggest enemy was the ethnic Serbs of [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]] and [[Herzegovina]]. The ministers announced the goals and strategies of the Ustaše in May 1941. The same statements and similar or related ones were also repeated in public speeches by single ministers as [[Mile Budak]] in [[Gospic]] and, a month later, by [[Mladen Lorkovic]].<ref>Eric Gobetti, ''"L' occupazione allegra. Gli italiani in Yugoslavia (1941-1943)"'', Carocci, 2007, 260 pages; ISBN 8843041711, ISBN 9788843041718, quoting from V. Novak, Sarajevo 1964 and Savez jevrejskih opstina FNR Jugoslavije, Beograd 1952</ref>

The Croatisation during [[Independent State of Croatia]] (NDH) was aimed primarily to Serbs, with Italian, Jews and Roma to a lesser degree. The [[Ustaše]] aim was a "pure Croatia" and the biggest enemy was the ethnic Serbs of [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]] and [[Herzegovina]]. The ministers announced the goals and strategies of the Ustaše in May 1941. The same statements and similar or related ones were also repeated in public speeches by single ministers as [[Mile Budak]] in [[Gospic]] and, a month later, by [[Mladen Lorkovic]].<ref>Eric Gobetti, ''"L' occupazione allegra. Gli italiani in Yugoslavia (1941-1943)"'', Carocci, 2007, 260 pages; ISBN 8843041711, ISBN 9788843041718, quoting from V. Novak, Sarajevo 1964 and Savez jevrejskih opstina FNR Jugoslavije, Beograd 1952</ref>

*One third of the Serbs (in the [[Independent State of Croatia]]) were to be forcibly converted to Catholicism.

*One third of the Serbs (in the Independent State of Croatia) were to be forcibly converted to Catholicism.

*One third of the Serbs were to be expelled (ethnically cleansed).

*One third of the Serbs were to be expelled (ethnically cleansed).

*One third of the Serbs were to be killed.

*One third of the Serbs were to be killed.

==During and prior to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina==

==During and prior to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina==

Following the establishment of the [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]] in November 1991, and especially from May 1992 forward, the Herzeg-Bosnia leadership engaged in continuing and coordinated efforts to dominate and "Croatise" (or ethnically cleanse) the municipalities which they claimed were part of Herzeg-Bosnia, with increasing persecution and discrimination directed against the [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] population.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=

Following the establishment of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia in November 1991, and especially from May 1992 forward, the Herzeg-Bosnia leadership engaged in continuing and coordinated efforts to dominate and "Croatise" (or ethnically cleanse) the municipalities which they claimed were part of Herzeg-Bosnia, with increasing persecution and discrimination directed against the Bosniaks population.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=

http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> The [[Croatian Defence Council]] (HVO), the military formation of Croats, took control of many municipal governments and services, removing or marginalising local Bosniak leaders.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1b|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača}}</ref> Herzeg-Bosnia authorities and Croat military forces took control of the media and imposed Croatian ideas and [[propaganda]].<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|quote=the authorities created a radio station which broadcast nationalist propaganda|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> Croatian symbols and currency were introduced, and Croatian curricula and the Croatian language were introduced in schools. Many Bosniaks were removed from positions in government and private business; humanitarian aid was managed and distributed to the Bosniaks' disadvantage; and Bosniaks in general were increasingly harassed.<ref name="un.org">ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT - A. July – September 1992 - 1. The Role of Dario Kordic - [http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-4.htm#IIIA]</ref><ref name="un.org"/> Many of them were deported to [[concentration camp]]s: [[Heliodrom camp|Heliodrom]], [[Dretelj camp|Dretelj]], [[Gabela camp|Gabela]], [[Vojno camp|Vojno]], and Šunje.

http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> The [[Croatian Defence Council]] (HVO), the military formation of Croats, took control of many municipal governments and services, removing or marginalising local Bosniak leaders.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1b|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača}}</ref> Herzeg-Bosnia authorities and Croat military forces took control of the media and imposed Croatian ideas and [[propaganda]].<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|quote=the authorities created a radio station which broadcast nationalist propaganda|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> Croatian symbols and currency were introduced, and Croatian curricula and the Croatian language were introduced in schools. Many Bosniaks were removed from positions in government and private business; humanitarian aid was managed and distributed to the Bosniaks' disadvantage; and Bosniaks in general were increasingly harassed.<ref name="un.org">ICTY: Kordic and Cerkez Judgement - III. EVENTS LEADING TO THE CONFLICT - A. July – September 1992 - 1. The Role of Dario Kordic - [http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-4.htm#IIIA]</ref><ref name="un.org"/> Many of them were deported to [[concentration camp]]s: [[Heliodrom camp|Heliodrom]], [[Dretelj camp|Dretelj]], [[Gabela camp|Gabela]], [[Vojno camp|Vojno]], and Šunje.