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'''Article''' transfer from [[Wikipedia]]. Article has a history of extreme bias editing. Version of the article as of 11:43, 8 January 2011 prior to recent extreme bias editing [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatisation&diff=prev&oldid=406661503 ''link'']:

'''Article''' transfer from [[Wikipedia]]. Article has a history of extreme bias editing. This is the version of the article as of 11:43, 8 January 2011 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatisation&diff=prev&oldid=406661503 (''link'')] prior to recent extreme bias editing. It seems that Wikipedia has problems interpreting Yugoslav Communists regimes polices. 

== Croatisation with Peter Z Edits==

== Croatisation with Peter Z Edits==

'''Croatisation''' or '''Croatization'''  is a term used to describe a process of cultural assimilation, and its consequences, in which people or lands ethnically partially [[Croats|Croat]] or non-Croat become -voluntary or forced- Croatians.

'''Croatisation''' or '''Croatization'''  is a term used to describe a process of cultural assimilation, and its consequences, in which people or lands ethnically partially Croats or non-Croat become -voluntary or forced- Croatians.

== Croatia under Austrian rule ==

== Croatia under Austrian rule ==

In the early 19th century, Croatia was a part of the Habsburg Monarchy. As the wave of romantic nationalism swept across Europe, the Croatian capital, Zagreb, became the centre of a national revival that became known as the [[Illyrian Movement]].  Although it was initiated by Croatian intellectuals, it promoted the brotherhood of all Slavic peoples.  For this reason, many intellectuals from other Slavic countries or from the minority groups within Croatia flocked to Zagreb to participate in the undertaking.  In the process, they voluntarily assumed a Croatian identity, i.e., became Croatised, some even changing their names into Croatian counterparts and converted to Roman Catholicism, notably Serbs.

In the early 19th century, [[Croatia]] was a part of the Habsburg Monarchy. As the wave of romantic nationalism swept across [[Europe]], the Croatian capital, Zagreb, became the centre of a national revival that became known as the llyrian Movement.  Although it was initiated by Croatian intellectuals, it promoted the brotherhood of all Slavic peoples.  For this reason, many intellectuals from other Slavic countries or from the minority groups within Croatia flocked to Zagreb to participate in the undertaking.  In the process, they voluntarily assumed a Croatian identity, i.e., became Croatised, some even changing their names into Croatian counterparts and converted to Roman Catholicism, notably Serbs.

==Croatisation of Italy's Julian March and Zadar==

==Croatisation of Italy's Julian March and Zadar==

Even with a predominant Croatian majority, [[Dalmatia]] retained relatively large [[Italian people|Italian communities]] in the coast (Italian majority in the cities and the islands, largest concentration in [[Istria]]). Italians in Dalmatia kept key political positions and Croatian majority had to make an enormous effort  to get Croatian language into schools and offices.  Most [[Dalmatian Italians]] gradually assimilated to the prevailing Croatian culture and language between the 1860s and World War I, although [[Italian language]] and culture remained present in Dalmatia. The community was granted minority rights in the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]; during the Italian occupation of Dalmatia in World War II, it was caught in the ethnic violence towards non-Italians during fascist repression: what remained of the community fled the area after World War II. <ref>Društvo književnika Hrvatske, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=JlYZTMOvNsaj_Qa_4MGSDA&ct=result&hl=it&id=mX9lAAAAMAAJ&dqs&q=Croatisation+after+World+War+II#search_anchor Bridge]'', Volume 1995, Nubers 9-10, Croatian literature series - Ministarstvo kulture, Croatian Writer's Association, 1989</ref>

Even with a predominant Croatian majority, Dalmatia retained relatively large [[Italy|Italian communities]] in the coast (Italian majority in the cities and the islands, largest concentration in Istria). Italians in Dalmatia kept key political positions and Croatian majority had to make an enormous effort  to get Croatian language into schools and offices.  Most [[Dalmatian Italians]] gradually assimilated to the prevailing Croatian culture and language between the 1860s and World War I, although [[Italian language]] and culture remained present in Dalmatia. The community was granted minority rights in the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]; during the Italian occupation of Dalmatia in World War II, it was caught in the ethnic violence towards non-Italians during fascist repression: what remained of the community fled the area after World War II. <ref>Društvo književnika Hrvatske, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=JlYZTMOvNsaj_Qa_4MGSDA&ct=result&hl=it&id=mX9lAAAAMAAJ&dqs&q=Croatisation+after+World+War+II#search_anchor Bridge]'', Volume 1995, Nubers 9-10, Croatian literature series - Ministarstvo kulture, Croatian Writer's Association, 1989</ref>

The history took its turn: while from 1919. - 1945. Italian Fascists stated by the proclamation that all Croatian and other non-Italian surnames must be turned to Italian ones (which they had chosen for every surname, so ''Anić'' became ''Anetti'', ''Babačić Babetti'' etc.; 115.157 [[Croats]] and other non-Italians were forced to change their surname),<ref>Hrvoje Mezulić i Romano Jelić ''[http://www.vjesnik.hr/Pdf/2005%5C12%5C10%5C34A34.PDF]''  (Croatian)]</ref> the Italian community of Istria and Dalmatia were forced to change their names to Croats and Yugoslav, during Tito's Yugoslavia.<ref>Nenad Vekarić, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=KFgZTNfzEpCL_Aau86X7Cw&ct=result&hl=it&id=711mAAAAMAAJ&dq=&q=%22Croatization+of+Italian+family+names%22#search_anchor Pelješki rodovi]'', Vol. 2, HAZU, 1996 - ISBN 9789531540322</ref><ref>Jasminka Udovički and James Ridgeway, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GuGe9fy4raoC&pg=PA287&dq=croatization+against+italian+-wikipedia&hl=en&ei=kr8HTJqhAYOBOMOI5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=world%20war%20italian%20croatization&f=false Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia]</ref>

The history took its turn: while from 1919. - 1945. Italian Fascists stated by the proclamation that all Croatian and other non-Italian surnames must be turned to Italian ones (which they had chosen for every surname, so ''Anić'' became ''Anetti'', ''Babačić Babetti'' etc.; 115.157 [[Croats]] and other non-Italians were forced to change their surname),<ref>Hrvoje Mezulić i Romano Jelić ''[http://www.vjesnik.hr/Pdf/2005%5C12%5C10%5C34A34.PDF]''  (Croatian)]</ref> the Italian community of Istria and Dalmatia were forced to change their names to Croats and Yugoslav, during Tito's Yugoslavia.<ref>Nenad Vekarić, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=KFgZTNfzEpCL_Aau86X7Cw&ct=result&hl=it&id=711mAAAAMAAJ&dq=&q=%22Croatization+of+Italian+family+names%22#search_anchor Pelješki rodovi]'', Vol. 2, HAZU, 1996 - ISBN 9789531540322</ref><ref>Jasminka Udovički and James Ridgeway, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GuGe9fy4raoC&pg=PA287&dq=croatization+against+italian+-wikipedia&hl=en&ei=kr8HTJqhAYOBOMOI5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=world%20war%20italian%20croatization&f=false Burn this house: the making and unmaking of Yugoslavia]</ref>

==Notable individuals who voluntarily Croatised==

==Notable individuals who voluntarily Croatised==

*[[Dimitrija Demeter]], a playwright who was the author of the first modern Croatian drama, was from a [[Greeks|Greek]] family.

* Dimitrija Demeter, a playwright who was the author of the first modern Croatian drama, was from a [[Greeks|Greek]] family.

*[[Vatroslav Lisinski]], a composer, was originally named ''Ignaz Fuchs''. His Croatian name is a literal translation.

* Vatroslav Lisinski, a composer, was originally named ''Ignaz Fuchs''. His Croatian name is a literal translation.

*[[Laval Nugent]], a Field Marshall and the most powerful noble in the Illyrian Movement, was originally from [[Ireland]].

* Laval Nugent, a Field Marshall and the most powerful noble in the Illyrian Movement, was originally from [[Ireland]].

*[[Petar Preradović]], one of the most influential poets of the movement, was from a [[Serb]] family.

* Petar Preradović, one of the most influential poets of the movement, was from a [[Serb]] family.

*[[Bogoslav Šulek]], a [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] and inventor of many Croatian scientific terms, was originally ''Bohuslav Šulek'' from [[Slovakia]].

* Bogoslav Šulek, a [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] and inventor of many Croatian scientific terms, was originally ''Bohuslav Šulek'' from [[Slovakia]].

*[[Stanko Vraz]], a poet and the first professional writer in Croatia, was originally ''Jakob Frass'' from [[Slovenia]].

* Stanko Vraz, a poet and the first professional writer in Croatia, was originally ''Jakob Frass'' from [[Slovenia]].

*[[August Šenoa]], a Croatian novelist, poet and writer, is of [[Czechs|Czech]]-[[Slovaks|Slovak]] descent. His parents never learned the [[Croatian language]], even when they lived in Zagreb.

* August Šenoa, a Croatian novelist, poet and writer, is of [[Czechs|Czech]]-[[Slovaks|Slovak]] descent. His parents never learned the [[Croatian language]], even when they lived in Zagreb.

*[[Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]], a geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist who discovered [[Krapina man]] <ref>[http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html Krapina C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  (Krapinski pračovjek), was of [[Germans|German]] descent. He added his second name, Gorjanović, to be adopted as a Croatian.

* Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, a geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist who discovered [[Krapina man]] <ref>[http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html Krapina C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  (Krapinski pračovjek), was of [[German]] descent. He added his second name, Gorjanović, to be adopted as a Croatian.

*[[Slavoljub Eduard Penkala]] was an inventor of Dutch/Polish origins. He added the name Slavoljub in order to Croatise.

* Slavoljub Eduard Penkala was an inventor of Dutch/Polish origins. He added the name Slavoljub in order to Croatise.

*[[Lovro Monti]], Croatian politician, mayor of [[Knin]]. One of the leaders of the Croatian national movement in Dalmatia, he was of Italian roots.

* Lovro Monti]], Croatian politician, mayor of Knin. One of the leaders of the Croatian national movement in Dalmatia, he was of Italian roots.

*[[Adolfo Veber Tkalčević]] -linguist of German descent

* Adolfo Veber Tkalčević -linguist of German descent

*[[Ivan Zajc]] (born'' Giovanni von Seitz'') a music composer was of German descent

* Ivan Zajc (born'' Giovanni von Seitz'') a music composer was of German descent

*[[Josip Frank]], nationalist Croatian 19th century politician, born as a Jew

* Josip Frank, nationalist Croatian 19th century politician, born as a Jew

*[[Vladko Maček]], Croatian politician, leader of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after Stjepan Radić and one time opposition reformist, maker of the Cvetković-Maček agreement that founded the Croatian Banate, born in a Slovene-Czech family

* Vladko Maček, Croatian politician, leader of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after Stjepan Radić and one time opposition reformist, maker of the Cvetković-Maček agreement that founded the Croatian Banate, born in a Slovene-Czech family

*[[Savić Marković Štedimlija]], publicist and Nazi collaborator, Montenegrin by origin

* Savić Marković Štedimlija, publicist and Nazi collaborator, Montenegrin by origin

*[[Emil Uzelac]], Ustaša pilot, [[Serb]] (born Milan)

* Emil Uzelac , Ustaša pilot, Serb (born Milan)

*[[Fedor Dragojlov]], Ustaša commander

* Fedor Dragojlov, Ustaša commander

== See also ==

== See also ==

* http://www.gimnazija.hr/?200_godina_gimnazije:OD_1897._DO_1921.

* http://www.gimnazija.hr/?200_godina_gimnazije:OD_1897._DO_1921.

* http://www.hdpz.htnet.hr/broj186/jonjic2.htm

* http://www.hdpz.htnet.hr/broj186/jonjic2.htm

* {{see also|Istrian-Dalmatian exodus}}

* Istrian-Dalmatian exodus

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