Changes

== Peter Z's Notes ==

== Peter Z's Notes ==

*'''''Firstly''''' it appears to me that the region (former Yugoslavia) has problems with interpreting multicultural and ''multiethnic'' history (& societies).

*'''''Firstly''''' it appears to me that the region (former Yugoslavia) has problems with interpreting multicultural and ''multiethnic'' history (& societies)!

====If we put aside political correctness, concernig Korcula's history====

====If we put aside political correctness, concernig Korcula's history====

The Latin population eventually started to return to the island in larger numbers thus creating a historic multicultural and multiethnic society.  

The Latin population eventually started to return to the island in larger numbers thus creating a historic multicultural and multiethnic society.  

Dalmatians of Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence the Croatians on the island were Romanized.  

Dalmatians of Latin ancestry brought ''Mediterranean cultural'' to the Slavs. Christianity was one aspect of this. In essence the Croatians on the island were '''Romanized'''.  

In '''889 AD''' it is documented that there was a clash between the local Croatians (from Cara) and the Venetian army. The story is part of the Island of Korcula's oral history.

In '''889 AD''' it is documented that there was a clash between the local Croatians (from Cara) and the Venetian army. The story is part of the Island of Korcula's oral history.

==  Naši - The ''Us'' People ==

==  Naši - The ''Us'' People ==

*Grammatica Della Lingua '''Illirica''' by Francesco Maria Appendini (Ragusan-Dubrovnik/Italian)<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&hl=en&dq=Francesco%20Maria%20Appendini&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA Grammatica della lingua Illirica by Francesco Maria Appendini] [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA145&dq=Francesco+Maria+Appendini&hl=en&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false Section of the book]</ref>

*Grammatica Della Lingua '''Illirica''' by Francesco Maria Appendini (Ragusan-Dubrovnik/Italian)<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&hl=en&dq=Francesco%20Maria%20Appendini&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA Grammatica della lingua Illirica by Francesco Maria Appendini] [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA145&dq=Francesco+Maria+Appendini&hl=en&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false Section of the book]</ref>

*Roman province of ''Illyricum'' (indigenous population of Korcula were Illyrians)

*Roman province of ''Illyricum'' (indigenous population of Korcula were Illyrians)

====Island of Korcula====

Below taken'' from'' Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina by John Gardner Wilkinson. Published in 1848 (p33).<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=Statute+of+Curzola+korcula&hl=en&ei=ZAtdTJ7lF5ivcI-m3NsO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=naski&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina by [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/John_Gardner_Wilkinson.jpg Sir John Gardner Wilkinson]

===Island of Korcula===

''Signor Arneri'' stated: <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

''Signor Arneri'' stated: <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref>

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref>

* Indigenous population of Korcula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>

* Indigenous population of Korcula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>

* Greek colony was founded on Korcula.<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 6th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island.

* Greek colony was founded on Korcula.<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 6th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island.

* The island became part of the Roman province of '''Illyricum'''. <ref>Encyclopedia Britannica.

* The island became part of the Roman province of '''Illyricum'''. <ref>'''Encyclopedia Britannica'''.

* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem [[Slovenia]] and Croatia)</ref> After the Illyrian Wars. Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and Dalmatia.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korcula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  

* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem [[Slovenia]] and Croatia)</ref> After the Illyrian Wars. Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and '''Dalmatia'''.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korcula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  

* In the 6th century it came under Byzantine Empire rule.

* In the 6th century it came under Byzantine Empire rule.

*The Great Migrations of the 6th and 7th centuries, brought the Slavic peoples<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&dq=croatian+history&q=slavs#search_anchor A History of the Croatian] by Francis Ralph Preveden (1955)</ref> into the Dalmatia region. Croatians (Slavs) arrived on the island in the 8th century.

*The Great Migrations of the 6th and 7th centuries, brought the Slavic peoples<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&dq=croatian+history&q=slavs#search_anchor A History of the Croatian] by Francis Ralph Preveden (1955)</ref> into the Dalmatia region. Croatians (Slavs) arrived on the island in the 8th century.

* Second Slavic Migration in 17th & 18th century.

* Second Slavic Migration in 17th & 18th century.

Additional:

Additional:

*Venetian & Ragusan families.

*Venetian & Ragusan families (Jewish families from Spain).

*Korcula originally a Latin town. Latter became Latin/Venetian/Slavic (Croatian).  

*Korcula originally a Latin town. Latter became Latin/Venetian/Slavic (Croatian).  

*Cara originally Slavic (Croatian) village.

*Cara (or Čara) originally Slavic (Croatian) village.

 

The Statute of Korcula was first drafted in 1214. It was probably written by Latin & Slavic (Croatian) Nobility.

The Statute of Korcula was first drafted in 1214. It was probably written by Latin & Slavic (Croatian) Nobility.

{{Cquote|'''Historic quote''': ''"In 1262 the Venetians praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. p103</ref>}}

{{Cquote|'''Historic quote''': ''"In 1262 the Venetians praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. p103</ref>}}

Korcula's old name was Corzula. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar.

Korcula's old name was Corzula. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar.

(Korcula a historically a multicultural and ''multiethnic'' society)

(Korcula a historically a multicultural and ''multiethnic'' society)

Austro-Hungarian census '''1816''' registered: 66 000 Italian speaking people among the 301 000 inhabitants of Dalmatia.

Austro-Hungarian census '''1816''' registered: 66 000 Italian speaking people among the 301 000 inhabitants of Dalmatia.

(ref from: Montani, Carlo. Venezia Giulia, Dalmazia - Sommario Storico - An Historical Outline)

('''ref''' from: Montani, Carlo. Venezia Giulia, Dalmazia - Sommario Storico - An Historical Outline)

==Republic of Ragusa==

==Republic of Ragusa==

''Republic of Ragusa'' was set up by Latin/Illyrian families. The Republic's city, Ragusa (today called Dubrovnik)  was established in the 7th century, post Slavic and Avar invasions. The refugees from  Epidaurum (a Roman city) built the settlement in Dalmatia, today in southernmost modern Croatia. Over the centuries the City State-Ragusa started to have relations with the Slavic hinterland, then called Red Croatia (this term for the region ceased to be used from the 11th century onwards). Ragusa itself became an independent state in 1358.

''Republic of Ragusa'' was set up by Latin/Illyrian families. The Republic's city, Ragusa (today called Dubrovnik)  was established in the 7th century, post Slavic and Avar invasions. The refugees from  Epidaurum (a Roman city) built the settlement in Dalmatia, today in southernmost modern Croatia. Over the centuries the City State-Ragusa started to have relations with the Slavic hinterland, then called Red Croatia (this term for the region ceased to be used from the 11th century onwards). Ragusa itself became an independent state in 1358.

The Croatians (Slavs), some time in the middle ages started to be part of the Republic's population.The Croatians from the 11th century onwards were mainly called Dalmatians Slavs. The 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=vwK4jhvjHQkC&pg=PA86&dq=dubrovnik+earthquake+of+1667&client=safari&cd=1#v=onepage&q=dubrovnik%20earthquake%20of%201667&f=false Earthquake Monitoring and Seismic Hazard Mitigation in Balkan Countries] by Eystein Sverre Husebye</ref> which destroyed the greater part of Dubrovnik has been cited as a turning point for the Republic's ethnic population make up. The Slavic population in the Republic would have been Romanised (adopted Latin culture).

The Croatians (Slavs), some time in the middle ages started to be part of the Republic's population.The Croatians from the 11th century onwards were mainly called '''Dalmatians Slavs'''.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA39&dq=When+ethnicity+did+not+matter+in+the+Balkans++John+Van+Antwerp+Fine+++slavs+Neretljani&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Neretljani&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans] by John Van Antwerp Fine</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC&pg=PA24&dq=venice+and+slav+pirates&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Venice, a Maritime Republic] by Frederic Chapin Lane. Page 24</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XJAKAAAAIAAJ&q=venice+and+slav+pirates&dq=venice+and+slav+pirates&lr=&cd=4 Venice and its Story] by Thomas Okey</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=oZjpcHnxH2QC&pg=PA67&dq=Dalmatian+slav+pirates&lr=&cd=22#v=onepage&q=&f=false Great Powers and Geopolitical Change] by Jakub J. Grygiel</ref> The 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=vwK4jhvjHQkC&pg=PA86&dq=dubrovnik+earthquake+of+1667&client=safari&cd=1#v=onepage&q=dubrovnik%20earthquake%20of%201667&f=false Earthquake Monitoring and Seismic Hazard Mitigation in Balkan Countries] by Eystein Sverre Husebye</ref> which destroyed the greater part of Dubrovnik has been cited as a turning point for the Republic's ethnic population make up. The Slavic population in the Republic would have been Romanised (adopted Latin culture).

In John Van Antwerp Fine's book ''"When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans"'' the population of the Republic in the 15-century was describe as mainly Slavic. This is very plausible, (that by the 15 century) the surrounding area of the city of Dubrovnik, the Slavs would have been in the majority.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=identity+in+dubrovnik&source=bl&ots=d90RrUeZKC&sig=Go7muOWSJwxT5CiJZJX8i0FaC0Q&hl=en&ei=XtlMTNnEN4eiuQOPkbS7Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=identity%20in%20dubrovnik&f=false When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine</ref>

In John Van Antwerp Fine's book ''"When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans"'' the population of the Republic in the 15-century was describe as mainly Slavic. This is very plausible, (that by the 15 century) the surrounding area of the city of Dubrovnik, the Slavs would have been in the majority.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=identity+in+dubrovnik&source=bl&ots=d90RrUeZKC&sig=Go7muOWSJwxT5CiJZJX8i0FaC0Q&hl=en&ei=XtlMTNnEN4eiuQOPkbS7Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=identity%20in%20dubrovnik&f=false When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine</ref>

There is a theory that the actual Croatisation (Pan-Slavism) <ref>'''Encyclopedia Britannica''':19th-century movement that recognized a common ethnic background among the various Slav peoples of eastern and east central Europe and sought to unite those peoples for the achievement of common cultural and political goals. The Pan-Slav movement originally was formed in the first half of the 19th century by West and South Slav intellectuals, scholars, and poets, whose peoples were at that time also developing their sense of national identity. </ref> of the region started to happen in the 19-century, with the Republic becoming part of the [[Austria|Austro-Hungarian]] Empire (then called the Habsburg Monarchy). The second theory is that it was much earlier.  

There is a theory that the actual Croatisation (Pan-Slavism) <ref>'''Encyclopedia Britannica''':19th-century movement that recognized a common ethnic background among the various Slav peoples of eastern and east central [[Europe]] and sought to unite those peoples for the achievement of common cultural and political goals. The Pan-Slav movement originally was formed in the first half of the 19th century by West and South Slav intellectuals, scholars, and poets, whose peoples were at that time also developing their sense of national identity. </ref> of the region started to happen in the 19-century, with the Republic becoming part of the [[Austria|Austro-Hungarian]] Empire (then called the Habsburg Monarchy). The second theory is that it was much earlier.  

===Sir John Gardner Wilkinson===

===Sir John Gardner Wilkinson===

Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology". He was in Dubrovnik in 1848, this is what he wrote in his "Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina":

Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology". He was in Dubrovnik in 1848, this is what he wrote in his "Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina":

 

{{Cquote|''Their language though gradually falling into Venetianisms of the other Dalmatians towns, still retains some of that pure Italian idiom, for which was always noted.'' (page 362)}}

* ''Their language though gradually falling into Venetianisms of the other Dalmatians towns, still retains some of that pure Italian idiom, for which was always noted.'' (page 362)

{{Cquote|''Italian is spoken in all the seaports of Dalmatia, but the language of the country is a dialect of the Slavonic, which alone is used by peasants in the interior.''(page 4)}}

 

*''Italian is spoken in all the seaports of Dalmatia, but the language of the country is a dialect of the Slavonic, which alone is used by peasants in the interior.''(page 4)

''Editor's notes'': It's quite possible that the Republic was for centuries a multicultural and ''multiethnic'' society! It's ruling class were of mostly of Latin decent, but not all!

''Editor's notes'': It's quite possible that the Republic was for centuries a multicultural and ''multiethnic'' society! It's ruling class were of mostly of Latin decent, but not all!