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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Yugoslavia, Croatia and Communism}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Yugoslavia, Croatia and Communism}}

[[File:438px-Josip Broz Tito Légion d'honneur.jpg|thumb|right||210px|Dictator [[Josip Broz Tito]] a [[Croatia|Croatian]], also known as ''Marshal Tito''. '''Tito''' and the Yugoslav Communist party pursed  Stalinist policies in 1940's and 1950's]]

This article is about the influence of the Yugoslav Communist party <ref>The League of Communists of Yugoslavia</ref> on [[Croatia|Croatian]] society. The party was the main driving force in all social matters within the former Yugoslavia.<ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post Communist''' by Paul Hollander.

*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

*“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations. (p377)

This article is about the influence of the Yugoslav Communist party <ref>The League of Communists of Yugoslavia</ref> on [[Croatia|Croatian]] society. The party was the main driving force in all social matters within the former Yugoslavia. Its [[Titoism and Totalitarianism|Stalinist policies]] from the 1940s to the 1960s and authoritarian rule <ref> Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, Volume 3 by  Dinah Shelton Macmillan Reference, 2005 - Political Science (p.1170) </ref><ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." '''Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity'''. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010 ] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson.

”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref> Its [[Titoism and Totalitarianism|Stalinist policies]] from the 1940s to the 1960s and authoritarian rule <ref> Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, Volume 3 by  Dinah Shelton Macmillan Reference, 2005 - Political Science (p.1170) </ref><ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." '''Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity'''. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010 ] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson.

*"The killing continued after the war, as Tito's victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in Austria turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 killed between spring and autumn 1945."

*"The killing continued after the war, as Tito's victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in Austria turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 killed between spring and autumn 1945."

There '''needs''' to be an historical reassessment.  

There '''needs''' to be an historical reassessment.  

Paul Hollander: {{Cquote| ''Public attitudes in former communist countries have been conflicted because of the arguable complicity of many citizens in keeping the old system in power. A predominant attitude in Eastern Europe and Russia toward the former communist systems has been a mixture of oblivion, denial, and repression''<ref>http://www.cato.org/publications/development-policy-analysis/reflections-communism-twenty-years-after-fall-berlin-wall</ref>}}

Paul Hollander: {{quote|

''Public attitudes in former communist countries have been conflicted because of the arguable complicity of many citizens in keeping the old system in power. A predominant attitude in Eastern Europe and Russia toward the former communist systems has been a mixture of oblivion, denial, and repression'' <ref>http://www.cato.org/publications/development-policy-analysis/reflections-communism-twenty-years-after-fall-berlin-wall</ref>}}

== German Victims Women and Children who died in Yugoslav Camps ==

== German Victims Women and Children who died in Yugoslav Camps ==

-See below-''

-See below-''

*'''Note A'''. Vladimir Geiger of the [[Croatia|Croatian]] Institute for History:{{Cquote|''The list of German victims includes 26,000 women and 5,800 children who died in [[Talk:Titoism and Totalitarianism|Yugoslav Camps]]''- Geiger said.<ref>Newcomers Network: German Mass Grave Sheds New Light on Close of World War Two</ref><ref>[http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/features/article_1619890.php/German-mass-grave-sheds-new-light-on-close-of-World-War-Two- M & C News: Feature German mass grave sheds new light on close of World War Two (Feature) By Boris Raseta Feb 17, 2011, 2:06 GMT ]</ref>}}  

*'''Note A'''. Vladimir Geiger of the [[Croatia|Croatian]] Institute for History:{{quote|

''The list of German victims includes 26,000 women and 5,800 children who died in [[Talk:Titoism and Totalitarianism|Yugoslav Camps]]''- Geiger said.<ref>Newcomers Network: German Mass Grave Sheds New Light on Close of World War Two</ref><ref>[http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/features/article_1619890.php/German-mass-grave-sheds-new-light-on-close-of-World-War-Two- M & C News: Feature German mass grave sheds new light on close of World War Two (Feature) By Boris Raseta Feb 17, 2011, 2:06 GMT ]</ref>}}  

Here is a statement made by Aleksandar Rankovic, the Interior Minister and the head of the military and secret police of Yugoslavia at a Belgrade Assembly (meeting): {{Cquote|''Through our prisons has passed between 1945 and 1951, 3 777 776 prisoners, while we killed 586 000 enemies of the people.'' Taken from ''Politik''a, Belgrade/1 February 1951 (p.1)  <ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:7laAd_LLA6YJ:www.hic.hr/images/komunisticke-zlocinci-nisu-antifasizma.pdf+Zločina+počinjenih+od+strane+totalitarnih+režima+su+izvješća+i+postupak+Europske+javne+rasprave+u+organizaciji+slovenskog+predsjedništva+Vijeća&cd=4&hl=hr&ct=clnk&lr=lang_hr&source=www.google.com  Communist Crime is not Antifascism] Released on International Human Rights Day, 10 DECEMBER 2008. On behalf of the participants in public meetings Maja Runje, a member of the Steering Committee- Zagreb (p. 19). Article is in Croatian: ''KOMUNISTIČKI ZLOČINI NISU ANTIFAŠIZAM] POVODOM MEĐUNARODNOG DANA LJUDSKIH PRAVA,10. PROSINCA 2008. U ime sudionika javnog okupljanja Maja Runje, članica Koordinacijskog odbora Kruga za trg10 000 Zagreb, Jurjevska 47a (str. 19)'' </ref>}}

Here is a statement made by Aleksandar Rankovic, the Interior Minister and the head of the military and secret police of Yugoslavia at a Belgrade Assembly (meeting): {{quote|

The findings of the ''"Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia"'' was that there were 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves within [[Slovenia]] a former republic of Yugoslavia. According to the Reports and Proceedings of the [[European Union|European]] Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" , the killings were committed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army in 1945 and 1946. <ref>[http://www.crce.org.uk/lessons/Articles/eu_hearing.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" (p163-p164)]</ref><ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''' - Slovenia (a former republic of Yugoslavia):  

''Through our prisons has passed between 1945 and 1951, 3 777 776 prisoners, while we killed 586 000 enemies of the people.'' Taken from ''Politik''a, Belgrade/1 February 1951 (p.1)  <ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:7laAd_LLA6YJ:www.hic.hr/images/komunisticke-zlocinci-nisu-antifasizma.pdf+Zločina+počinjenih+od+strane+totalitarnih+režima+su+izvješća+i+postupak+Europske+javne+rasprave+u+organizaciji+slovenskog+predsjedništva+Vijeća&cd=4&hl=hr&ct=clnk&lr=lang_hr&source=www.google.com  Communist Crime is not Antifascism] Released on International Human Rights Day, 10 DECEMBER 2008. On behalf of the participants in public meetings Maja Runje, a member of the Steering Committee- Zagreb (p. 19). Article is in Croatian: ''KOMUNISTIČKI ZLOČINI NISU ANTIFAŠIZAM] POVODOM MEĐUNARODNOG DANA LJUDSKIH PRAVA,10. PROSINCA 2008. U ime sudionika javnog okupljanja Maja Runje, članica Koordinacijskog odbora Kruga za trg10 000 Zagreb, Jurjevska 47a (str. 19)'' </ref>}}

The findings of the ''Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia'' was that there were 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves within [[Slovenia]] a former republic of Yugoslavia. According to the Reports and Proceedings of the [[European Union|European]] Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" , the killings were committed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army in 1945 and 1946. <ref>[http://www.crce.org.uk/lessons/Articles/eu_hearing.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" (p163-p164)]</ref><ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''' - Slovenia (a former republic of Yugoslavia):  

* "After the armistice the British repatriated more than 10,000 Slovene collaborators who had attempted to retreat with the Germans, and [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito]] had most of them massacred at the infamous Pits of Kocevje".</ref>

* "After the armistice the British repatriated more than 10,000 Slovene collaborators who had attempted to retreat with the Germans, and [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito]] had most of them massacred at the infamous Pits of Kocevje".</ref>

== Displaced persons from the former Yugoslavia from 1940s and 1950s ==

== Displaced persons from the former Yugoslavia from 1940s and 1950s ==

Displaced persons from former Yugoslavia right after [[World War Two]]: {{Cquote|''Around 6,000 of these displaced persons from the former Italian region of Venezia Giulia (Istra) and Zara (Zadar) resettled in Australia with the assistance of the IRO. After transfer of Trieste to [[Italy]] in 1954, another several thousand Giuliani were assisted to migrate to[[ Australia]]. While most were classed as Yugoslav residents and citizens, an estimated 5,000 were ethnic Italians from the cities of Fiume, Pola and Zara (Gardini 2004). Given the difficulty of ascertaining the ethnicity of displaced persons from the names and nationalities listed on official IRO documents, it is unclear how many displaced persons who identified as 'Italian' settled in [[Western Australia]]. What is clear is that the Istrian 'Italians' came from different backgrounds and had different motives for leaving their homes compared with other Italian assisted passage or sponsored migrants''.<ref>[http://www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au/stories/martini/background The University of Western Australia] (Italian Lives www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au)</ref>}}

Displaced persons from former Yugoslavia right after [[World War Two]]: {{quote|

''Around 6,000 of these displaced persons from the former Italian region of Venezia Giulia (Istra) and Zara (Zadar) resettled in Australia with the assistance of the IRO. After transfer of Trieste to [[Italy]] in 1954, another several thousand Giuliani were assisted to migrate to[[ Australia]]. While most were classed as Yugoslav residents and citizens, an estimated 5,000 were ethnic Italians from the cities of Fiume, Pola and Zara (Gardini 2004). Given the difficulty of ascertaining the ethnicity of displaced persons from the names and nationalities listed on official IRO documents, it is unclear how many displaced persons who identified as 'Italian' settled in [[Western Australia]]. What is clear is that the Istrian 'Italians' came from different backgrounds and had different motives for leaving their homes compared with other Italian assisted passage or sponsored migrants''.<ref>[http://www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au/stories/martini/background The University of Western Australia] (Italian Lives www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au)</ref>}}

==Post Berlin Wall and  the former Yugoslavia==

==Post Berlin Wall and  the former Yugoslavia==

After the fall of the '''Berlin Wall''', a lot of factual evidence has emerged that indicates the former Communist Yugoslavia was responsible for executing mass murders, arrests and torture. Most media have turned a blind eye to these tragic issues. Very little has been reported about these unearthed historic events. One article worth mentioning is Ian Cuthbertson's review of  the documentary called Tito's Ghosts in the [[Australia|Australian]] newspaper '''The Australian''' called'' “Balkans hero with a Bloodthirsty Streak”'' (September 13, 2008). <ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/balkans-hero-with-a-bloodthirsty-streak/story-e6frg8mf-1111117435895 The Australian:] Balkans Hero with a Bloodthirsty Streak by Ian Cuthbertson</ref>

After the fall of the '''Berlin Wall''', a lot of factual evidence has emerged that indicates the former Communist Yugoslavia was responsible for executing mass murders, arrests and torture. Most media have turned a blind eye to these tragic issues. Very little has been reported about these unearthed historic events. One article worth mentioning is Ian Cuthbertson's review of  the documentary called Tito's Ghosts in the [[Australia|Australian]] newspaper '''The Australian''' called'' “Balkans hero with a Bloodthirsty Streak”'' (September 13, 2008). <ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/balkans-hero-with-a-bloodthirsty-streak/story-e6frg8mf-1111117435895 The Australian:] Balkans Hero with a Bloodthirsty Streak by Ian Cuthbertson</ref>

The Communist Party of Yugoslavia pursued a revolutionary policy that was at odds with many of it's peoples, it's Yugoslav Communist utopia only happened unless you belonged to the communist elite. The party did improve the standard of living in the late 1960s and 1970s and this was achieved through Western investment which ultimately turned out to be it's weakness. The economy was primarily a subsidised one. Yugoslavia was essentially on borrowed time. Croatians recall this period as a ''golden time'' however they were living off money largely borrowed from the West.  

The Communist Party of Yugoslavia pursued a revolutionary policy that was at odds with many of it's peoples, its Yugoslav Communist utopia only happened unless you belonged to the communist elite. The party did improve the standard of living in the late 1960s and 1970s and this was achieved through Western investment which ultimately turned out to be it's weakness. The economy was primarily a subsidised one. Yugoslavia was essentially on borrowed time. Croatians recall this period as a ''golden time'' however they were living off money largely borrowed from the West.  

*Information from 'Keeping Tito Afloat' by  Lorraine M. Lees:

*Information from 'Keeping Tito Afloat' by  Lorraine M. Lees:

{{Cquote|''After World War Two, the [[United States]] considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=MO0brh8EgdcC&pg=PR16&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War+loans&hl=en&ei=0VB2TPu3GMWrcYbigY8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=loans&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat]  by Lorraine M. Lees  

{{quote|

*"Keeping Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified''' documents to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in [[United States|U.S. foreign]] policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War." (p67, p71, p74, p83, p85, p98, p90 & p182)</ref>}} There lifestyle was subsidised leading to a false sense of prosperity. Economic problems started with the inflation crisis in 1978/79 which was '''mainly''' due to [[Communists|Communist]] economic mismanagement (it was down hill from there onwards) and then eventually civil war erupted.  

''After World War Two, the [[United States]] considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=MO0brh8EgdcC&pg=PR16&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War+loans&hl=en&ei=0VB2TPu3GMWrcYbigY8G&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=loans&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat]  by Lorraine M. Lees  

*"Keeping Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified''' documents to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in [[United States|U.S. foreign]] policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War." (p67, p71, p74, p83, p85, p98, p90 & p182)</ref>}} Their lifestyle was subsidised leading to a false sense of communist, utopian prosperity. Economic problems started with the inflation crisis in 1978/79 which was '''mainly''' due to [[Communists|Communist]] economic mismanagement (it was down hill from there onwards) and then eventually civil war erupted.  

Communist Yugoslav nationalistic policies is all but forgotten in the West. It was the regimes policy to create a uniform state rather than a collective of peoples. The policy was one of the great historic failures of recent times. In essence Yugoslavia was a contradiction, on one hand it had the slogan ''Brotherhood and Unity'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA169&dq=Identity+politics+in+the+age+of+genocide:+the+Holocaust+and+historical+brother+hood+and+unity&hl=en&ei=CIWWTZKiK8SecJT3gJ0H&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical Representation ''by'' David Bruce MacDonald (p169)</ref><ref> ''Brotherhood and Unity''  was originally a policy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia</ref> and on the other hand it executed Stalinist policies from the 1940s to the 1960s.

Communist Yugoslav nationalistic policies is all but forgotten in the West. It was the regimes policy to create a uniform state rather than a collective of peoples. The policy was one of the great historic failures of recent times. In essence Yugoslavia was a contradiction, on one hand it had the slogan ''Brotherhood and Unity'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA169&dq=Identity+politics+in+the+age+of+genocide:+the+Holocaust+and+historical+brother+hood+and+unity&hl=en&ei=CIWWTZKiK8SecJT3gJ0H&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical Representation ''by'' David Bruce MacDonald (p169)</ref><ref> ''Brotherhood and Unity''  was originally a policy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia</ref> and on the other hand it executed Stalinist policies from the 1940s to the 1960s.

Yugoslavia and it's interpretation of history was mainly based on historical re-writes and falsehoods.<ref>Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity: Volume 3 by Dinah Shelton- Macmillan Reference, 2005 - Political Science

Yugoslavia and its interpretation of history was mainly based on historical re-writes and falsehoods.<ref>Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity: Volume 3 by Dinah Shelton- Macmillan Reference, 2005 - Political Science

*"Tito's regime created an official celebratory myth about the "People's Liberation War," denying partisan atrocities and negotiations with Germans and exaggerating their role in defeating the Axis."</ref> It was based on the Great Union of Southern Slavs combined with Communism's grand plan for its people to evolve into a superior society (and a superior man) as a whole. It's all derived from dogmatic 19-century thinking, i.e., Marxism combined with extreme Nationalism (combined with Darwinism as interpreted by extremists i.e. German Nazism, Fascism, Communism).

*"Tito's regime created an official celebratory myth about the "People's Liberation War," denying partisan atrocities and negotiations with Germans and exaggerating their role in defeating the Axis."</ref> It was based on the Great Union of Southern Slavs combined with Communism's grand plan for its people to evolve into a superior society (and a superior man) as a whole. It's all derived from dogmatic 19-century thinking, i.e., Marxism combined with extreme Nationalism (combined with Darwinism as interpreted by extremists i.e. German Nazism, Fascism, Communism).

== Yugostalgia and Titostalgia ==

== Yugostalgia and Titostalgia ==

[[File:Aerial view of Marshal Tito Square.jpg|thumb|right||275px|Aerial view of Marshal Tito Square-Zagreb, [[Croatia]]. (photo by Suradnik13)]]

[[File:Aerial view of Marshal Tito Square.jpg|thumb|right||275px|Aerial view of Marshal Tito Square-Zagreb, [[Croatia]] (renamed Republic of Croatia Square in 2017). Photo by Suradnik13]]

In 2004 Josip Broz (the Dictator of Yugoslavia) was voted to be ''The Greatest Croatian''. The poll was conducted by the Croatian weekly magazine the "Nacional".<ref>[http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/13694/tito-je-jedini-hrvatski-drzavnik-koga-je-svijet-prihvacao-kao-svjetsku-licnost www.nacional.hr]</ref>

In 2004 Josip Broz (the Dictator of Yugoslavia) was voted to be ''The Greatest Croatian''. The poll was conducted by the Croatian weekly magazine the "Nacional".<ref>[http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/13694/tito-je-jedini-hrvatski-drzavnik-koga-je-svijet-prihvacao-kao-svjetsku-licnost www.nacional.hr]</ref>

==See also==

==See also==

* [[Titoism and Totalitarianism]]

* [[Titoism and Totalitarianism]]

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==References==

==References==

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* '''European EU's '''press ''releases'' concerning: [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en  European Public Hearing on: Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes/'''Brussels''' - '''Link''']

* '''European EU's '''press ''releases'' concerning: [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en  European Public Hearing on: Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes/'''Brussels''' - '''Link''']

* Genocide Carried out by the Tito Partisans 1944-1948: Trail of Tears Leidensweg: [http://www.dvhh.org/history/genocide/index.htm  Genocide & Atrocities Against the Donauscwhwaben]

* Genocide Carried out by the Tito Partisans 1944-1948: Trail of Tears Leidensweg: [http://www.dvhh.org/history/genocide/index.htm  Genocide & Atrocities Against the Donauscwhwaben]

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