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MyWikiBiz, Author Your Legacy — Wednesday May 01, 2024
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== History ==
 
== History ==
[[File:View from the Window at Le Gras by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.jpg|thumb|right|235px|''View From the Window of Gras'' by Joseph Nicephore Niepce]]
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[[File:200px-Camera obscura box.jpg|thumb|right|235px|Camera obscura]]
 
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Frenchman, '''Joseph Nicephore Niepce''',<ref>[http://niepce.house.museum/ Niepce.house.museum]
Frenchman, Joseph Nicephore Niepce,<ref>[http://niepce.house.museum/ Niepce.house.museum]
   
</ref> took the first photo in '''1826'''. It was taken in [[Paris]] and was called ''“View From the Window of Gras”''. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=vftTAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras&dq=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras&client=safari&cd=3 Seizing the Light: A History of Photography] by Robert Hirsch</ref> To achieve this, Joseph Niepce used a Camera Obscura and called the process Heliograph. The process never became practical for everyday use and could not be used for commercial purposes.  
 
</ref> took the first photo in '''1826'''. It was taken in [[Paris]] and was called ''“View From the Window of Gras”''. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=vftTAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras&dq=Joseph+Nicephore+Niepce+View+From+the+Window+of+Gras&client=safari&cd=3 Seizing the Light: A History of Photography] by Robert Hirsch</ref> To achieve this, Joseph Niepce used a Camera Obscura and called the process Heliograph. The process never became practical for everyday use and could not be used for commercial purposes.  
    
In 1839 Louis Jacques Daguerre (who worked with Joseph Niepce), announced a new photographic process called Daguerreotype to the [[France|French]] Academy. The process was more practical than ''Heliography'' and ushered in the photographic era.
 
In 1839 Louis Jacques Daguerre (who worked with Joseph Niepce), announced a new photographic process called Daguerreotype to the [[France|French]] Academy. The process was more practical than ''Heliography'' and ushered in the photographic era.
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George Eastman (Kodak) in 1885  developed the first flexible photographic film and then in 1889 he produced the first transparent plastic film.
    
== Exposure ==
 
== Exposure ==
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Light metering can be adjusted within your camera for particular situations.
 
Light metering can be adjusted within your camera for particular situations.
 
In metering there are the terms of correct exposure, under exposed and over exposed.
 
In metering there are the terms of correct exposure, under exposed and over exposed.
Photographers always aiming for correct exposure. One can always bracket (i.e. take a series of different exposures and then choose the best exposure. This can also be achieved by using exposure compensation).  
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Photographers always aiming for correct exposure. One can always bracket (i.e. take a series of different exposures and then choose the best exposure). This can also be achieved by using exposure compensation.  
 
There are different metering systems on the camera
 
There are different metering systems on the camera
 
* multi zone metering
 
* multi zone metering
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* spot metering
 
* spot metering
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Multi zone metering is when the camera evaluates the whole image then decides the best exposure (this is the most commonly used setting, it is often used in landscape photography).
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Multi zone metering is when the camera evaluates the whole image then decides the best exposure (this is the most commonly used setting), it is often used in landscape photography.
 
Centre-Weight average metering is when the camera calculates exposure based on the centre of the image (this is common in portrait photography). Spot metering is when a small select area in the image is used to calculate the overall exposure.
 
Centre-Weight average metering is when the camera calculates exposure based on the centre of the image (this is common in portrait photography). Spot metering is when a small select area in the image is used to calculate the overall exposure.
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==Focusing==
 
==Focusing==
 
We have auto focus and manual focus. Auto focus does not work in every situation (situations where it could be a problem; in mono situations where the object and its surroundings are predominately one colour ie all shades of white, black, grey or any colour).
 
We have auto focus and manual focus. Auto focus does not work in every situation (situations where it could be a problem; in mono situations where the object and its surroundings are predominately one colour ie all shades of white, black, grey or any colour).
According to the ''Photographic Bible''<ref>The Photographic Bible by Daniel Lezano </ref>  there are three systems of auto focusing and they are called auto focus modes.
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According to the ''Photographic Bible'' <ref>The Photographic Bible by Daniel Lezano </ref>  there are three systems of auto focusing and they are called auto focus modes.
 
* Single Shot-AF
 
* Single Shot-AF
 
* AL Focus-AF
 
* AL Focus-AF
* AL Servo Shot -AF  
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* AL Servo Shot-AF  
    
Single Shot AF is standard and locks onto the subject until you take the picture. AL Focus is used when you can follow a moving object with the camera with the shutter button pressed half way. At the desired moment you take the photo. The moving object will be in focus. AL Servo shot AF is a combination of the two.
 
Single Shot AF is standard and locks onto the subject until you take the picture. AL Focus is used when you can follow a moving object with the camera with the shutter button pressed half way. At the desired moment you take the photo. The moving object will be in focus. AL Servo shot AF is a combination of the two.
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[[Image:Job In 20110014.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Example of shallow depth of field]]
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== Depth of Field ==
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[[Image:Job In 20110015.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Example of extended depth of field (increased sharpness)]]
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The area of acceptable sharpness in a photo is know as “Depth of Field”. The Depth of Field is achieved through the size of the lens aperture. The aperture itself can be also be referred to as the iris which is the opening within the lens that the light travels through.
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Notation for lenses apertures is expressed as f stops.The scale is f1, f1.4, f2, f2.8, f3.5, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22, f32, f45, f64. Most lenses operate in the middle of this range. These numbers are a ratio of the actual aperture diameter. A higher f number denotes a smaller aperture. This means that f1 is the largest aperture and f64 is the smallest.
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The depth of field (the acceptable sharpness) is expressed as shallow depth of field and extended depth of field (increased sharpness) or increased depth. The mid point between the two is sometimes referred to as average depth of field.
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==Flash photography==
 
==Flash photography==
 
Flash photography is when the main exposure for the image you are taking is based on the flash it self. There can be just one flash or multiple. With multiple flash units one is referred as the main.
 
Flash photography is when the main exposure for the image you are taking is based on the flash it self. There can be just one flash or multiple. With multiple flash units one is referred as the main.
    
The flash intensity can be control on the flash itself although there are some that don’t.  The exposure can be also control with the aperture. The larger aperture, the more light enters the camera. This then results in a shallower depth of field.
 
The flash intensity can be control on the flash itself although there are some that don’t.  The exposure can be also control with the aperture. The larger aperture, the more light enters the camera. This then results in a shallower depth of field.
[[File:200px-Camera obscura box.jpg|thumb|right|235px|Camera obscura]]
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== See also ==
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*[[Basic Photography Gear You Will Need When Starting Out]]
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*[[Want to Setup Your Own Photography Studio]]
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*[[Tips for Taking Photos Underwater]]
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==References==
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<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
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<references />
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</div>
      
== External Links ==
 
== External Links ==
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* [http://www.paperlesspost.com/samples/magnum?_p=magnum Magnum-Paperless Post]
 
* [http://www.paperlesspost.com/samples/magnum?_p=magnum Magnum-Paperless Post]
 
* [http://www.parisphoto.fr/liste-conferences.html?lg=en Paris Photo]
 
* [http://www.parisphoto.fr/liste-conferences.html?lg=en Paris Photo]
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==References==
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<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
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<references />
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</div>
 
[[Category:Photography]]
 
[[Category:Photography]]
 
[[Category:Visual Arts]]
 
[[Category:Visual Arts]]
 
[[Category:Arts]]
 
[[Category:Arts]]
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