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[[File:250px-Croatia-Dalmatia-1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Dalmatia (the dark purple) within todays modern [[Croatia]] The island of Korcula is marked red.]]

[[File:250px-Croatia-Dalmatia-1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Dalmatia (the dark purple) within todays modern [[Croatia]] The island of Korcula is marked red.]]

'''Korcula dialect''' (or Korčulanski)  is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korčula. The island of Korčula lies just off the Dalmatian coast in [[Croatia]]. The language base of the Korčula dialect is Chakavian Croatian   (it is also intermixed with Shtokavian). The dialect has remnants of the extinct [[Latin]] Romance language, ''Dalmatian''. The Dalmatian remnants within the dialect have been sometimes referred to as Corzulot.Additionally it has influences of Venetian.

'''Korcula dialect''' (or Korčulanski) is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korčula. The island of Korčula lies just off the Dalmatian coast in [[Croatia]]. The language base of the Korčula dialect is Chakavian Croatian (it is also intermixed with Shtokavian). The dialect has remnants of the extinct [[Latin]] Romance language, ''Dalmatian''. The Dalmatian remnants within the dialect have been sometimes referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has strong influences of Venetian-Italian.

The local dialect in the past was referred (and is still sometimes today) to as ''Naski'' or more correctly ''Naški''.The '''š''' is pronounced '''sh'''. Sir John Gardner Wilkinson,  a 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian, referred to the Dalmatian Slavic dialect as Illirskee.

The local dialect in the past was referred (and is still sometimes today) to as ''Naski'' or more correctly ''Naški''. The '''š''' is pronounced '''sh'''. Sir John Gardner Wilkinson,  a 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian, referred to the Dalmatian Slavic dialect as Illirskee.

== Examples ==

== Examples ==

Examples of '''Corzulot''' words compared with Vegliot, English and Croatian:

Examples of '''Corzulot''' words compared with Vegliot, English and Croatian:

Corzulot - Dalmatian Vegliot  - English - Croatian 

Corzulot - '''Dalmatian Vegliot''' - English -  Croatian<ref>[//books.google.com.au/books?id=_lNjHgr3QioC&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=Croatian+Identity&source=bl&ots=fD7ElNqJfQ&sig=b_VK71LL4FYXG7LBjfPVUCSVC-E&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eSClVOSxLuLWmAW484HYDQ&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=Croatian%20Identity&f=false Language and Identity in the Balkans:] Serbo-Croatian and Its Disintegration ... By Robert D. Greenberg</ref>

* buža - bus -  hole - rupa  

* buža - bus -  hole - rupa  

* čimitir - chimitier - graveyard - groblje

* čimitir - chimitier - graveyard - groblje

* kantat - cantar - to sing - pjevati (Latin: canto)

* kantat - cantar - to sing - pjevati (Latin: canto)

'''Encyclopedia Britannica''' on Vegliot: {{Cquote|''Romance language formerly spoken along the Dalmatian coast from the island of Veglia (modern Krk) to Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik). Ragusan Dalmatian probably disappeared in the 17th century. The Vegliot Dalmatian dialect became extinct in the 19th century''.}}

'''Encyclopedia Britannica''' on Vegliot: {{quote|

''Romance language formerly spoken along the Dalmatian coast from the island of Veglia (modern Krk) to Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik). Ragusan Dalmatian probably disappeared in the 17th century. The Vegliot Dalmatian dialect became extinct in the 19th century''.}}

==Additional examples of words from the Korcula dialect of Croatia ==

==Additional examples of words from the Korcula dialect of Croatia ==

{{col-begin}}

{{col-begin}}

{{col-break}}

{{col-break}}

* adio - goodbye - doviđenja

* adio - goodbye - doviđenja (addio: meaning in Italian goodbye)

* afitat - rent ('''Venetian''':afìt)

* afitat - rent ('''Venetian''':afìt)

* aimemeni - poor me ''or'' oh dear

* aimemeni - poor me ''or'' oh dear

* aria - air - zdrak (Venetian: aria)

* aria - air - zdrak (Venetian: aria)

* arma - armed (Venetian: arma)

* arma - armed (Venetian: arma)

* avižat  - to arrive - došao

* avižat - to arrive - došao

* baleta - bullet - metak (Venetian: bal)

* baleta - bullet - metak (Venetian: bal)

* banda - side - strana  (In Venetian it means ''side & flank'')  

* banda - side - strana  (In Venetian it means ''side & flank'')  

* guzica - bottom

* guzica - bottom

* hoča - lets go

* hoča - lets go

* izilo - eaten

* izilo - eaten

* kadena - chain (Romance Dalmatian:''kataina'')

* kadena - chain (Romance Dalmatian:''kataina'')

* lipo - nice ''or'' beautiful - ljepo

* lipo - nice ''or'' beautiful - ljepo

* maistral - local wind

* maistral - local wind

* makina - machine

* makina - machine ''or'' engine

* '''Malandrin''' - Local nickname. In Venetian it means: ''dishonest or crook''

* '''Malandrin''' - Local nickname. In Venetian it means: ''dishonest or crook''

* mat -  mother - majka

* mat ''or'' mati -  mother - majka

* Maragun - wood worker (Venetian: Marangòn)

* Maragun - wood worker (Venetian: Marangòn)

* mapa - map (Venetian: mapa)

* mapa - map (Venetian: mapa)

* pitura - paint (Venetian: pitura-painting)

* pitura - paint (Venetian: pitura-painting)

* '''poć na ribe''' - going fishing - ići na ribanje

* '''poć na ribe''' - going fishing - ići na ribanje

* PolaUNIQ93825a30d9cd14a0-ref-0000007B-QINU - Pula (A city in today's modern Croatia)

* '''Pola''' - Pula (a city in today's modern Croatia)

* postoli - shoes - cipele

* postoli - shoes - cipele

* postelja - bed

* postelja - bed

* soldi - money - novac (Latin: solidus)   

* soldi - money - novac (Latin: solidus)   

* soto - underneath - ispod (Venetian: sot ''or'' soto)  

* soto - underneath - ispod (Venetian: sot ''or'' soto)  

* šestan - attractive or good looking  (Venetian:sesto-grace, well mannered)

* šestan - attractive or good looking  (Venetian:sesto-grace, well mannered)

* šija - reverse - natrag  

* šija - reverse - natrag  

Each town and village on the island have their own unique version of the dialect. The Korčula dialect is found in the local folk music. The local Klape groups (an a cappella form of music) sing using the Korčula dialect. The well know Croatian singer, ''Oliver Dragojevic'', has used the dialect in his music.

Each town and village on the island have their own unique version of the dialect. The Korčula dialect is found in the local folk music. The local Klape groups (an a cappella form of music) sing using the Korčula dialect. The well know Croatian singer, ''Oliver Dragojevic'', has used the dialect in his music.

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One of Korčula's older names was Curzola. The island was from 1420 to 1797 part of the ''Republic of Venice''. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar. According to [[Directory:Korcula History|Nikola Ostojic]] (Compendio Storico dell Isola di Curzola) the Greeks named it "Black Corfu" (Kórkyra Melaena) after their homeland and the dense woods on the island.  

One of Korčula's older names was Curzola. The island was from 1420 to 1797 part of the ''Republic of Venice''. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar. According to Antun Rosanovic (Defence of Korcula in 1571) the Greeks named it Kórkyra Melaena meaning Black Corfu after their homeland and the dense woods on the island.

'''Note''': The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula (Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.

'''Note''': The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula (Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.

* Information below taken from Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka:

* Information below taken from Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka:

''Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns''

'' "Italian language was not only the official language in all public Dalmatian establishments, but also was the spoken language in a significant number of white-collar, civil service and merchant families in the cities and major markets within towns. " ''

* From the late 19th century onwards the old [[Dalmatian Italians#The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia |Dalmatian]] culture has been all but disappearing from the region.

* From the late 19th century onwards the old [[Dalmatian Italians#The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia |Dalmatian]] culture has been all but disappearing from the region.

* Signor Arneri  from the town of Korčula stated to Andrew Archibald Paton:  

* Signor Arneri  from the town of Korčula stated to Andrew Archibald Paton:  

{{Cquote| ''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am Dalmatian. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Editors notes: Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was Arneri Perussich, whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the Siege of Candia,whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich''

{{quote|  

Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century he visited Korčula in the early 1860s.}}

''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am Dalmatian. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic [Editors notes: Republic of Venice]; but the hero of our race was Arneri Perussich, whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the Siege of Candia,whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich'' }} Note: Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century he visited Korčula in the early 1860s.

=== Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem ===

=== Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem ===

* Below is Pietro Casola writing about Korčula (Curzola) in '''1494''':

* Below is Pietro Casola writing about Korčula (Curzola) in '''1494''':

{{Cquote|''On Friday, the 13th of June, we left the canal of Lesina (Hvar-Editors note) after sunrise and made sail with a very slight wind ; but as the day advanced the wind improved and we came opposite the citadel of Curzola (Note '''58'''), which is beautiful to look at from the outside. The captain did not wish to stop there for fear of losing the favourable wind, and thus we passed by, and could only admire the place from the outside; it is said to be sixty miles from Lesina. The captain related that a few years ago King Ferdinand, the former King of Naples, sent his fleet there to pry and steal it from the Venetians, but he failed completely because the people of Curzola were valiant, and defended themselves from that attack without additional help from the Signoria of Venice, to whom they are subject.'' (p171)}}

" ''On Friday, the 13th of June, we left the canal of Lesina [Hvar-Editors note] after sunrise and made sail with a very slight wind ; but as the day advanced the wind improved and we came opposite the citadel of Curzola (Note '''58'''), which is beautiful to look at from the outside. The captain did not wish to stop there for fear of losing the favourable wind, and thus we passed by, and could only admire the place from the outside; it is said to be sixty miles from Lesina. The captain related that a few years ago King Ferdinand, the former King of Naples, sent his fleet there to pry and steal it from the Venetians, but he failed completely because the people of Curzola were valiant, and defended themselves from that attack without additional help from the Signoria of Venice, to whom they are subject.'' (p171)

{{Cquote|''Curzola: Reached Curzola, ('''1.''') a citadel in Dalmatia, and as bright and clean as a beautiful jewel. It has no drawbridges, but it has strong walls, and it will be stronger still when a wall is finished which has been begun towards the sea. At first sight the said citadel appears to be flat, but one perceives on entering it that all the streets ascend a little. The streets are narrow and dark, but they are paved with stones. The city is built on a rock. Many of the houses are built in the modern style and are handsome enough for a great city. They are built of white stone like marble and sculptured. It was a marvel to me to see so many beautiful houses in that place. The Cathedral Church, considering its importance and also that of the city, is beautiful. It is entirely built of beautiful squared stones.''

''Curzola: Reached Curzola, ('''1.''') a citadel in Dalmatia, and as bright and clean as a beautiful jewel. It has no drawbridges, but it has strong walls, and it will be stronger still when a wall is finished which has been begun towards the sea. At first sight the said citadel appears to be flat, but one perceives on entering it that all the streets ascend a little. The streets are narrow and dark, but they are paved with stones. The city is built on a rock. Many of the houses are built in the modern style and are handsome enough for a great city. They are built of white stone like marble and sculptured. It was a marvel to me to see so many beautiful houses in that place. The Cathedral Church, considering its importance and also that of the city, is beautiful. It is entirely built of beautiful squared stones.''

''The choir is beautiful and the church is well served. The said citadel is full of people. The men dress in public like the Venetians, and almost all of them know the Italian tongue. When I asked the reason, was told it was because they often go to Venice. Their women cannot fear the cold. They go about with their chests and shoulders entirely uncovered from the breasts upwards,and they arrange so that their breasts hold up their clothes and prevent them from falling down on to their feet.''

''The choir is beautiful and the church is well served. The said citadel is full of people.  

''The place seems to me poor in everything save wine, which is abundant and good. The island is not much cultivated because the greater part of the men are galeotti and continually at sea. Most of the pilgrims landed, thinking to find a good supper. But there is no fish to be had there, although he place is in the midst of the sea, no eggs, no cheese. There was hot bread, for, as soon as the people heard of the arrival of the galley, every man ran to make bread in order to earn a little money; it was good, and so was the wine. There were dried figs and also some raisins, but everything was dear.''  

" ''We stayed there until the following morning, every man being warned, however, that if he wanted to come further, he must sleep on board the galley. Certain Ragusans remained behind and some friars who wished to return to Ragusa (Dubrovnik-Editors note), which we had passed by owing to the force of the wind. On Saturday, the 18th of October, which was the festival of Saint Luke the Evangelist, we left Curzola. Only one sail, the terzarola, was spread, because there was a very high though favourable wind — that is, the scirocco, and with the said sail alone we made, according to the estimate of the mariners, fifteen miles an hour.'' "

* ('''1.''') In 1494 the Venetian Count or Governor of Curzola was Ser Simon Capello, who remained there three years, until January, 1496. Segretario alle Voci, Reg. vi. p, 68. Archives of Venice. (p327,p328)

 

* ('''1.''') In 1494 the Venetian Count or Governor of Curzola was Ser Simon Capello, who remained there three years, until January, 1496. Segretario alle Voci, Reg. vi. p, 68. Archives of Venice. (p327,p328)}}

*'Note 58''': Curzola. The battle referred to by Casola took place in August, 1483. During the war between Venice and Ferrara (1482 — 1484), King Ferdinand of Naples, in support of his son-in-law the Duke of Ferrara, sent a fleet against Curzola. It was defeated by the inhabitants under Giorgio Viario, the then Count or Governor.'' (p377)  

*'Note 58''': Curzola. The battle referred to by Casola took place in August, 1483. During the war between Venice and Ferrara (1482 — 1484), King Ferdinand of Naples, in support of his son-in-law the Duke of Ferrara, sent a fleet against Curzola. It was defeated by the inhabitants under Giorgio Viario, the then Count or Governor.'' (p377)  

[[File:St Damian.jpg|thumb|right|400px|The '''Chapel''' of Saint Cosmas (Kuzma) and Saint Damian on the island of Korcula. The foundations are from the 6th century AD, whilst the rest of the ''Chapel'' was rebuilt in the 11 century.Photo by [[Peter Zuvela]] ]]

[[File:St Damian.jpg|thumb|right|400px|The '''Chapel''' of Saint Cosmas (Kuzma) and Saint Damian on the island of Korcula. The foundations are from the 6th century AD, whilst the rest of the ''Chapel'' was rebuilt in the 11 century.Photo by [[Peter Zuvela]] ]]

[[File:85px-Coat of arms of Dalmatia crowned.svg.png|thumb|right|125px|Dalmatia's Coat of arms]]

[[File:85px-Coat of arms of Dalmatia crowned.svg.png|thumb|right|125px|Dalmatia's Coat of arms]]

== See also ==

== See also ==

* [[Dalmatian Italians#The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia|The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia-Croatia]]

* [[Dalmatian Italians#The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia|The Cultural and Historical Venetian Presence in Dalmatia-Croatia]]

* [[Defence of Korcula]]

* [[Defence of Korcula]]

* [[Directory:Korcula History 2 |Korcula History, Romans & Venice]]

* [[Directory:Korcula History 2 |Korcula History, Romans & Venice]]

* [[Korcula and Italian Wikipedia]]

* [[Korcula and Italian Wikipedia]]

* [[Vallegrande Speak]]

* [[Vallegrande Speak|Old Vela Luka Dialect]]

* [[Croatian Slavic Identity]]

* [[Croatian Slavic Identity]]

==External Links==

==External Links==

* [http://www.apartmanija.hr/slike/slike_gradovi/korcula.jpg Photo link for a '''aerial view''' of Korcula Town]

* [http://www.apartmanija.hr/slike/slike_gradovi/korcula.jpg Photo link for a '''aerial view''' of Korcula Town]

==Notes and References==

==Notes and References==

* Encyclopedia Britannica: The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem Slovenia and Croatia). "Korčula, Italian Curzola, Greek Corcyra Melaina, island in the Adriatic Sea, on the Dalmatian coast, in Croatia. With an area of 107 square miles (276 square km), it has a hilly interior rising to 1,863 feet (568 m). The Greeks colonized it in the 4th century bc. Korčula was subsequently occupied by the Romans, Goths, Slavs, Byzantines, and Genoese; the kings of Hungary and Croatia"

* Encyclopedia Britannica: The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem Slovenia and Croatia). "Korčula, Italian Curzola, Greek Corcyra Melaina, island in the Adriatic Sea, on the Dalmatian coast, in Croatia. With an area of 107 square miles (276 square km), it has a hilly interior rising to 1,863 feet (568 m). The Greeks colonized it in the 4th century bc. Korčula was subsequently occupied by the Romans, Goths, Slavs, Byzantines, and Genoese; the kings of Hungary and Croatia"

*Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Tue. 8 Mar. 2011." (2011). Retrieved on 2011-03-8: Encyclopædia Britannica: ''" A plague devastated the town in 1529, depleting the population. The burned houses of infected persons, called kućišta..."''

*Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Tue. 8 Mar. 2011." (2011). Retrieved on 2011-03-8: Encyclopædia Britannica: ''" A plague devastated the town in 1529, depleting the population. The burned houses of infected persons, called kućišta..."''

 

[[File:85px-Coat of arms of Croatia.svg.png||thumb|left|250px|Coat of arms of Croatia (Hrvatska)]]

[[File:85px-Coat of arms of Croatia.svg.png||thumb|left|250px|Coat of arms of Croatia (Hrvatska)]]