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→‎Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions: sub [images/ascii graphics]
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Figure 18-a lays out the ''angular form'' of venn diagram for universes of 1 and 2 dimensions, indicating the embedding map of type '''B'''<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;'''B'''<sup>2</sup> and detailing the coordinates that are associated with individual cells.  Because all points, cells, or logical interpretations are represented as connected geometric areas, we can say that these pictures provide us with an ''areal view'' of each universe of discourse.
 
Figure 18-a lays out the ''angular form'' of venn diagram for universes of 1 and 2 dimensions, indicating the embedding map of type '''B'''<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;'''B'''<sup>2</sup> and detailing the coordinates that are associated with individual cells.  Because all points, cells, or logical interpretations are represented as connected geometric areas, we can say that these pictures provide us with an ''areal view'' of each universe of discourse.
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<pre>
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<br>
o-----------------------------------------------------------o
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<p>[[Image:Diff Log Dyn Sys -- Figure 18-a -- Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions.gif|center]]</p>
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<p><center><font size="+1">'''Figure 18-a.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Areal'''</font></center></p>
|              o                            o              |
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|            / \                          / \            |
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|            /  \                        /  \            |
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|          /    \                      /    \          |
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|          /      \                    /      \          |
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|        /        o                  o  1 1  o        |
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|        /         / \                / \      / \        |
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|      /        /  \              /  \    /  \      |
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|      /    1   /    \            /    \  /    \      |
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|    /        /      \    !e!    /      \ /      \    |
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|    o        /        o  ----> o  1 0  o  0 1  o    |
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|    |\      /        /          |\      / \      /|    |
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|    | \    /    0    /          | \    /  \    / |    |
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|    |  \  /        /            |  \  /    \  /  |    |
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|    |x_1\ /        /            |x_1\ /      \ /x_2|    |
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|    o----o        /              o----o  0 0  o----o    |
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|          \      /                    \      /          |
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|          \    /                      \    /          |
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|            \  /                        \  /            |
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|            \ /                          \ /            |
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|              o                            o              |
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|                                                          |
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o-----------------------------------------------------------o
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Figure 18-a.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Areal
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</pre>
      
Figure 18-b shows the differential extension from ''X''<sup>&nbsp;&bull;</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;[''x''] to E''X''<sup>&nbsp;&bull;</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;[''x'',&nbsp;d''x''] in a ''bundle of boxes'' form of venn diagram.  As awkward as it may seem at first, this type of picture is often the most natural and the most easily available representation when we want to conceptualize the localized information or momentary knowledge of an intelligent dynamic system.  It gives a ready picture of a ''proposition at a point'', in the present instance, of a proposition about changing states which is itself associated with a particular dynamic state of a system.  It is easy to see how this application might be extended to conceive of more general types of instantaneous knowledge that are possessed by a system.
 
Figure 18-b shows the differential extension from ''X''<sup>&nbsp;&bull;</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;[''x''] to E''X''<sup>&nbsp;&bull;</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;[''x'',&nbsp;d''x''] in a ''bundle of boxes'' form of venn diagram.  As awkward as it may seem at first, this type of picture is often the most natural and the most easily available representation when we want to conceptualize the localized information or momentary knowledge of an intelligent dynamic system.  It gives a ready picture of a ''proposition at a point'', in the present instance, of a proposition about changing states which is itself associated with a particular dynamic state of a system.  It is easy to see how this application might be extended to conceive of more general types of instantaneous knowledge that are possessed by a system.
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<pre>
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<br>
o-----------------------------o        o-------------------o
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<p>[[Image:Diff Log Dyn Sys -- Figure 18-b -- Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions.gif|center]]</p>
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<p><center><font size="+1">'''Figure 18-b.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Bundle'''</font></center></p>
|                            |        |    o-------o    |
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|        o---------o        |        |    /         \    |
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|        /          \        |        |  o          o  |
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|      /      o------------------------|  |    dx    |  |
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|      /              \      |        |  o          o  |
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|    /                \    |        |    \        /    |
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|    o                  o    |        |    o-------o    |
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|    |                  |    |        |                  |
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|    |                  |    |        o-------------------o
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|    |        x        |    |
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|    |                  |    |        o-------------------o
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|    |                  |    |        |                  |
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|    o                  o    |        |    o-------o    |
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|    \                /    |        |    /        \    |
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|      \              /      |        |  o          o  |
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|      \            /    o------------|  |    dx    |  |
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|        \          /        |        |  o          o  |
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|        o---------o        |        |    \        /    |
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|                            |        |    o-------o    |
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|                            |        |                  |
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o-----------------------------o        o-------------------o
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Figure 18-b.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Bundle
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</pre>
      
Figure 18-c shows the same extension in a ''compact'' style of venn diagram, where the differential features at each position are represented by arrows extending from that position that cross or do not cross, as the case may be, the corresponding feature boundaries.
 
Figure 18-c shows the same extension in a ''compact'' style of venn diagram, where the differential features at each position are represented by arrows extending from that position that cross or do not cross, as the case may be, the corresponding feature boundaries.
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<pre>
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<br>
o-----------------------------------------------------------o
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<p>[[Image:Diff Log Dyn Sys -- Figure 18-c -- Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions.gif|center]]</p>
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<p><center><font size="+1">'''Figure 18-c.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Compact'''</font></center></p>
|                                                          |
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|              o-----------------o                        |
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|              /         o        \                        |
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|            /    (dx) / \        \ dx                    |
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|            /        v  o--------------------->o        |
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|          /          \ /          \                    |
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|          /            o            \                    |
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|        o                            o                  |
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|        |                            |                  |
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|        |                            |                  |
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|        |              x              |        (x)        |
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|        |                            |                  |
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|        o                            o                  |
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|          \                          /          o        |
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|          \                        /          / \        |
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|            \          o<---------------------o  v      |
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|            \                    / dx        \ / (dx)  |
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|              \                  /              o        |
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|              o-----------------o                        |
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|                                                          |
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|                                                          |
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o-----------------------------------------------------------o
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Figure 18-c.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Compact
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</pre>
      
Figure 18-d compresses the picture of the differential extension even further, yielding a directed graph or ''digraph'' form of representation.  (Notice that my definition of a digraph allows for loops or ''slings'' at individual points, in addition to arcs or ''arrows'' between the points.)
 
Figure 18-d compresses the picture of the differential extension even further, yielding a directed graph or ''digraph'' form of representation.  (Notice that my definition of a digraph allows for loops or ''slings'' at individual points, in addition to arcs or ''arrows'' between the points.)
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<pre>
+
<br>
o-----------------------------------------------------------o
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<p>[[Image:Diff Log Dyn Sys -- Figure 18-d -- Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions.gif|center]]</p>
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<p><center><font size="+1">'''Figure 18-d.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Digraph'''</font></center></p>
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|                            dx                            |
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|          .--.  .---------->----------.   .--.          |
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|          |  \ /                       \ /  |          |
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|    (dx)  ^    @  x                (x)  @    v  (dx)    |
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|          |  / \                      / \  |          |
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|          *--*  *----------<----------*  *--*          |
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|                            dx                            |
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|                                                          |
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|                                                          |
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o-----------------------------------------------------------o
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Figure 18-d.  Extension from 1 to 2 Dimensions:  Digraph
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</pre>
      
====Extension from 2 to 4 Dimensions====
 
====Extension from 2 to 4 Dimensions====
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