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Les Golden

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Les Golden is an internationally-known gambling writer based in Oak Park, Illinois. He has written for gambling.com, iGamingBusiness, gamblingonline, and Bluff Europe print magazines. He learned how to be a card-counter at the popular casino game of blackjack as a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, by reading "Beat the Dealer," the seminal work of mathematician Edward O. Thorp. He divides his time between Oak Park and Reno, Nevada.

Les Golden
AKA "Cut the Taxes" (political candidate), Leonard Running Bear (political candidate spoof), Moe Silver (character in cartoon strip and stage play "Shrubtown"), Les Morris (bandleader), Subrahmanyan Berkowitz (stand-up comic), Jeffrey Clayton Maxwell (stand-up comic), Flash Golden (play-by-play announcer and jazz radio disc jockey)
Gamblejpg.jpg
Les Golden counting cards at the Kellogg Graduate School of Business (Northwestern University) Casino Night
Residence Oak Park, Illinois, and Reno, Nevada
Born
Yes
Known for Developer of Golden diagram for blackjack and the Magic Circle Strategy for roulette
Occupation Writer, astronomer, professor, musician, stand-up comedian
Contact lesgoldencardcounting@yahoo.com
Reference http://www.geocities.ws/les_golden

Background

Education and Research

Leslie M. Golden holds the B.A. (with Distinction) and Masters of Engineering Physics from Cornell University, where he was both a Cornell McMullen Scholar and a Fellow of the Interfoundation Committee of the American Institute for Economic Research (Great Barrington, Mass.), and received the M.A. and Ph.D in astronomy from the University of California, Berkeley,[1][2] under Professor William J. “Jack” Welch,[3] the Watson and Marilyn Alberts Chair emeritus in Extraterrestrial Intelligence. At Cornell, he was the award-winning feature editor and then editor-in-chief of the Cornell Engineer magazine and a member of the Engineering Student Council. Some of his early research in astronomy appeared in a book by Stephen Hawking.[4] He performed research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, as a National Research Council Resident Research Associate[5] and the Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. He is the director of the Near Earth Asteroid Reconnaissance Project (N.E.A.R.),[6] which he founded as a University of Illinois at Chicago professor in 1994. He has been elected to both Phi Beta Kappa (arts and sciences) and Tau Beta Pi (engineering) as well as Pi Delta Epsilon (journalism).

Performing

Golden is a nationally-referenced animal welfare advocate and environmental activist,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] a professional trumpet player, jazz vocalist, and band leader,[15] and a professional actor with more than 100 stage, film, radio, television, and commercial credits[16][17][18][19][20]

 
Les Golden Renaissance Man Feature Article

In 1966 Golden provided the stimulus for the formation of the University of California Jazz Ensembles by placing an ad calling for student jazz musicians in the Daily Californian. With the arrival of Dr. David W. Tucker to the Cal campus, the organization became the most prominent musical organization on the Berkeley campus. Golden was a trumpet player, soloist, and vocalist with the elite Wednesday Night big band. For six years he was the emcee for the program, appearing at dozens of performances annually at concerts and jazz festivals throughout California.[21]

He has appeared numerous times as an actor on the live-broadcast productions of "Unshackled!" He was a featured regular on the Eddie Hubbard Show radio program as the character Jeffrey Clayton Maxwell from Bhutan. He is a member of both the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA). As "Flash Golden," he was the play-by-play announcer for the California Golden Bears basketball radio broadcasts and hosted Flash's Jazz Patio on KALX-FM. As a stand-up comedian, he has performed at San Francisco's Holy City Zoo, the Comedy Store in Los Angeles, the Comedy Cottage in Chicago, as well as on the college circuit, Playboy Club, and other clubs. He is a published editorial cartoonist.

Organized Athletics

In athletics he was a two-sport letterman at Oak Park and River Forest High School and was the manager and third baseman of the "Goldenrods" at Cornell and manager and third baseman of the "Foul Balls" in the fast-pitch summer league at U.C. Berkeley. At JPL, he was the third baseman on the champion JPL fast-pitch team in the Glendale City League.

Astronomy Publications and Presentations

Golden has published several peer-reviewed refereed articles on applications of probability and statistics to astronomy,[22][23][24][25] and has taught probability and statistics in the Heller Graduate School of Business at Roosevelt University in Chicago in addition to being an astronomy professor in the physics department and the Honors College of the University of Illinois at Chicago.

He lectures to adult and student audiences on the possibility of extraterrestrial life and the hypothetical shapes of their bodies. A frequent cruise ship lecturer, he was selected by Royal Cruise Lines to be their shipboard lecturer on the high seas during the 1986 apparition of Halley's Comet, and was the first University of Illinois professor selected to be a professor on the Institute of Shipboard Education's (ISE) Semester at Sea program,[26] teaching courses on astronomy and the possibility of extraterrestrial life in the fall semester of 1996. Among his public presentations, he has been the featured speaker at the meeting of the Great Lakes Planetarium Association and was the keynote speaker for Chicago's Adler Planetarium on the occasion of the dedication of their new wing.

Unlike many in society who were influenced and aided by family members in achieving success in given fields, Golden is entirely a self-made man. No one in either his maternal or paternal extended families have matriculated at an Ivy League college, earned a Ph.D, nor have had professional careers as an actor, stand-up comedian, playwright, political cartoonist, magazine editor, non-fiction writer, software developer, scientist, or professor. His identical twin brother and he are the only professional musicians in the extended families.[27][28]

Gambling Writings

Introduction to Card Counting

In the months before the premier Wednesday Night Band of the University of California Jazz Ensembles, under the direction of Dr. David W. Tucker, went in 1972 to Reno, Nevada, to compete in its first Reno Jazz Festival,[29] Golden, a trumpet player and vocalist with the band and its announcer, purchased Beat the Dealer at the legendary Moe’s Bookstore in Berkeley, California, and studied Thorp’s complete point count system. In the next five years at Berkeley, Golden made monthly trips to Reno, with additional trips to Lake Tahoe and Virginia City, Nevada. In 1977 he moved to Los Angeles to perform research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a National Research Council Resident Research Associate post-doctoral fellow in astronomy,[30] and his gambling excursions were to Las Vegas, Nevada. He continued to perform stand-up comedy at various venues including The Comedy Store and The Improv.

 
Logo for Les Golden's popular "Count on Les" Columns for gambling.com print magazine


Writings

He has written for Gambling.com,[31][32] Gambling Online,[33] iGaming Business,[34] and Bluff Europe[35][36] magazines, and as a newspaper columnist as a casino advocate.[37] His writing reflects his Renaissance man[38][39][40][41][42] multiple knowledge bases. With a technical background, many of his articles deal with probability issues in casino games, focusing on roulette, craps, and blackjack, and discussing such topics as the central limit theorem, the normal curve, and Gambler's ruin, and often employing Monte Carlo simulations and references to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, an area to which he had been introduced at Cornell University by his mentor Frank Drake and which is one of his research and public lecture areas as an astronomer.[43][44][45] With his stand-up comedian background, his style has been described by one of his editors, “You can probably tell that Les is a bit of a character. Luckily for readers, he’s also a great blackjack player,”[46] and by Dave Bland, the editor of Flush Magazine, "Les Golden is a comedy genius. I could write more but it really is as simple as that.”[47] A professional actor with a Kevin Bacon number of 3 who has studied with Ann Woodworth of Northwestern University and Del Close of Chicago’s The Second City improvisational nightclub, Golden periodically writes about applying acting techniques to camouflage both being a card counter and also being a member of roulette and blackjack teams.[48][49][50]

Golden has won multiple awards for his writing.[51][52] Gambling.com's website refers to Golden as “gambling.com magazine’s resident blackjack genius.”[53] His research into the gambling game of 21 has been published in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal.[54]

Golden Diagram

After the publication of Beat the Dealer, gambling casinos reacted to the advantage that a card counter gains over the house by adopting counter strategies. These included employing multiple decks rather than the single hand-held deck. Two-deck games and games employing four and six decks dealt from a so-called shoe became commonplace.

Players soon realized intuitively that both these changes in the game reduced their probabilities of winning. In games with a multiple deck, compared to single-deck or double-deck games, players experience frequency, magnitude, and depth (the fraction of the deck which has been dealt in playing previous hands) effects: 1) The deck becomes favorable less frequently at all depths, 2) when the deck does becomes favorable, the magnitude of the advantage is not as great, 3) all decks are favorable infrequently until a significant portion of the deck has been dealt and this occurs at greater depths into the deck in games using multiple decks.

Golden, based on a Monte Carlo simulation and theoretical arguments, calculated the magnitude of these effects. The results of his analysis are displayed as Golden diagrams.[55][56] He also suggested a stepwise betting strategy to reduce the effects.[57][58]

Magic Circle strategy

The game of roulette, being a game of Simple random sample|statistics without replacement, is not amenable to systems such as card counting, which rely on the non-randomness of the particular game. If, however, the roulette wheel is not perfectly level, laboratory studies, most notably at the National Measurement Office|British National Weights and Measures Laboratory, and theoretical studies have shown that a skillful croupier can by virtue of muscle memory release the roulette ball with a speed and at a location on the table to bias the bin in which it comes to rest.[59][60]

The Magic Circle strategy takes advantage of this potential bias and the non-random location of the various bets on the roulette wheel.[61][62][63] Golden showed that, after influencing the croupier to direct the ball into certain sectors of the roulette wheel, a team of players can lay bets in strategic locations on the wheel to secure profitable play.

Political Activity

Local

Golden began his political career with the non-partisan CARE Party (Citizens Active for a Responsible Electorate) in Oak Park, Illinois. He later formed the TURF Party (Taxpayers United of River Forest) in the adjacent community. He was the president of UTOP (United Taxpayers of Oak Park) from 1991 through 2005.[64] As CARE party president he has been responsible for slating more than 70 candidates for local political office, achieving the election of eight on tax-accountability and environmental issues.[65] He has sponsored and moderated numerous taxpayer information forums.[66][67]

His notoriety as a sponsor of political candidates led to his namesake, "Moe Silver," Chairman of the "LOVE Party," being a lead character in the locally-drawn "Shrubtown" comic strip and theatrical play by the same name by artist and writer Marc Stopeck.[68]

Statewide and National

His political candidacies for U.S. Congress and State Representative using the nickname "Cut the Taxes" have led to court actions,[69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] a re-writing of Illinois election law concerning allowable names on the ballot[81][82] [83][84] propagated throughout the state of Illinois in election guides for candidates,[85][86] lengthy discussions in the Illinois Institute of Continuing Legal Education (IICLE) handbook on election law[87] which is on display in courthouses in the state of Illinois, scholarly studies on election law and ballot access, [88] and rewriting of election law in other states. [89] In addition, in another part of the revised election law, the Golden Rule, for the first time in Illinois history, allows any election official whatsoever, state as well as local, to extend their previous ministerial powers beyond mere printing of the ballot to actually removing slogans from ballot names.[90] These cases in election law and the revised Illinois election law statutes have been cited repeatedly in jurisdictions throughout the country.

In 2008, he was the statewide spokesman and one of three state-wide coordinators for the group seeking to convene an Illinois Constitutional Convention.[91][92][93] He wrote the field guide for campaign workers which was used in other states also seeking to convene constitutional conventions. He was selected to be a charter member of the board of the Illinois Taxpayer Education Foundation (ITEF) in 1994.

He received the Distinguished Leadership Award from the National Taxpayers United of Illinois umbrella group in 1991 for his taxpayer advocacy efforts.

Photo gallery

Quote

"The only famous counters are the ex-counters."

References

  1. ^ http://badgrads.berkeley.edu/doku.php?id=alumni:old
  2. ^ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2006ASPC..356...87F, page 90
  3. ^ http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/welch.html
  4. ^ (1979) Hawking, S. W. & Israel, W. General relativity: an Einstein centenary survey. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22285-0. “A much cited centennial survey”; books.google.com/books?isbn=0521222850
  5. ^ http://nrc58.nas.edu/aodir/gen_page.asp?mode=detail&sql=idnumber='760817'
  6. ^ http://www.astronomy.com/sitecore/content/Magazine%20Issues/1994/April%201994.aspx , page 22
  7. ^ http://www.elephantinformation.com/CEMENT%20FLOORING%20or%20HARD%20DIRT%20GROUND.htm
  8. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2004-11-24/news/0411240206_1_new-trees-oak-park-district-mulberry-trees
  9. ^ Dwyer, Bill (2007), “Tree Fury at Field,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, July 10, p. 1; http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/07-10-2007/Tree_fury_at_Field
  10. ^ Noel, Josh (2007), “Oak Park tree-removal plan heads for debate,” Chicago Tribune, July 12, p. 7; http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-07-19/news/0707181717_1_trees-park-renovation-plan
  11. ^ Golden, Leslie M. (2005), “Elephant deaths are a matter of physics,” Chicago Sun-Times, January 28, p. 24
  12. ^ (2000) “Trailside needs a champion,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest (editorial), November 1, p. 32
  13. ^ Vincent, Ed (2002), “The Lost Chukar,” http://www.suburbanjournals.com/Stories2002/Lost-Chukar-Returned-Home-2002.html, August 10
  14. ^ see, in addition, for example, Golden, Les (2002), “All it would take is a fence to keep critters alive,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, June 12, p. 41; Golden, Les (2000), “Les ‘Cut the Roadkill’ Golden says, Slow Down!”, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, April 19, p. 25; Golden, Les (2000), “Hey, Sylvestri, save our furry and feathered friends,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, October 25, p. 34; Little, Rebecca and Trainor, Ken (2000) “Silvestri responds to Golden, Trailside,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, November 1, p. 2; Golden, Les “Let’s Save the Dogs” Golden (2002), “Ask politicians to make dog fighting a felony,” May 22, p. 32; (2008), “Inside Report: Les ‘Cut the coyotes a break’ Golden,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, January 23, p. 5; Linden, Eric (1991), “’Dandelion Dig’ idea blooming,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, May 29, p. 7; Golden, Les “It’s Not Easy Being Green” (2001), “It’s not easy being green, but here are some ideas”, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, April 11, p. 40
  15. ^ http://villageofoakpark.com/Stories2002/2003-Les-Golden-comments-July4th-music.html
  16. ^ (1994), “A film career far (but not removed) from Tinseltown,” Compuserve magazine, August, p. 55
  17. ^ (1982) “Improvising Your Way to Success,” Spring,1, 6, p. 34
  18. ^ (1984) “The boss is never wrong,” Screen magazine, October 1, p. 19
  19. ^ www.imdb.com/title/tt0097170/
  20. ^ Petrulis, Len (1982), “Golden TV ‘Spoof’ on Reality,” Berwyn Life, May 19, p. 14
  21. ^ http://ucjazz.berkeley.edu/
  22. ^ Golden, Leslie M. (1971). “Evolution of Quasar Optical and Radio Luminosity,” Nature, 234, 103; http://www.nature.com/nature-physci/journal/v234/n49/abs/physci234103a0.html
  23. ^ Golden, Leslie M. (1974). “Isotropy of Radio Source Populations from Comparison of Number - Flux Density Curves,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 166, 383; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1974MNRAS.166..383G
  24. ^ Golden, Leslie M. (1974). “Observational Selection in the Identification of Quasars and Claims for Anisotropy,” Observatory, 94, 122; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1974Obs....94..122G
  25. ^ Golden, Leslie M. (1979). “The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Transmission of Microwave Radiation Through a Planetary Surface,” Icarus, 38, 451; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0019103579901994
  26. ^ (1997), “Physics sails the world,” UIC News (University of Illinois at Chicago), April 30, p. 2; http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/uicnews/articledetail.cgi?id=4005
  27. ^ Petlicki, Myrna (1997), “Golden memories,” Oak Leaves (Oak Park, Illinois), July 2, p. B3-6
  28. ^ http://villageofoakpark.com/Stories2002/2003-Les-Golden-comments-July4th-music.html
  29. ^ www.unr.edu/rjf/
  30. ^ http://nrc58.nas.edu/aodir/gen_page.asp?mode=detail&sql=idnumber='760817'
  31. ^ http://www.professional-poker.com/news/2006/nov/764-gamblingcom-poker-content.htm.
  32. ^ http://www.gambling.com/Blackjack/tips-strategies/194/the-blackjack-breakdown
  33. ^ www.gamblingonlinemagazine.com/casinos.php
  34. ^ http://www.igamingbusiness.com/content/shannon-elizabeth-heats-gamblingcom-magazine
  35. ^ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluff_Magazine
  36. ^ www.bluffeurope.com/
  37. ^ Golden, Les (1992). “Pleasant Home: Here's a Worthwhile Gamble,” Oak Leaves (Oak Park, Illinois), July 31, p. 21
  38. ^ (1994), “A film career far (but not removed) from Tinseltown,” Compuserve magazine, August, p. 55
  39. ^ Krapf, Paula (1995) “Silence not Golden: aspiring local politico a man of many names, Faces,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, September 20, p. 4
  40. ^ Trainor, Ken (1997), “Who is Les Golden?”, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, April 2, p. 29-37
  41. ^ Trainor, Ken (1998), “The Clone Ranger divides again”, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, April 1, p. 52
  42. ^ Trainor, Ken (2001) “Funny, he doesn’t look shrewish,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, August 1, p. 2
  43. ^ (1983). “People Focuses on Fellow Who Makes ETs His Specialty,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, November 16
  44. ^ (1983), “Rosary prof makes stars come to life for ‘ET’ class,” Suburban Sun-Times (West), July 1, p. 14
  45. ^ (1984). ”Halley's Comet, Alien Life Highlight Astronomer's Talk,” Harlem-Irving Times, March 2, p 3
  46. ^ Lines, Chris (2009), “A Word From the Editor,” Gambling Online, August, p. 8.
  47. ^ http://triblocal.com/oak-park-river-forest/community/stories/2010/06/cut-the-taxes-golden-is-now-cut-the-cards/
  48. ^ Golden, Les (2010), “So, Do You Feel Lucky, Punk. Well, Do ‘Ya? ,” Bluff Europe, October, p. 88-89
  49. ^ Golden, Les (2010), “Yonder Lies the Castle of my Fodder,” Bluff Europe, November, p. 90-91
  50. ^ Golden, Les (2010), “The Rain in Spain Falls Mainly on the Plain”: Camouflage by Status,” Bluff Europe, December, p. 90-91
  51. ^ http://students.berkeley.edu/finaid/undergraduates/hofferprize.htm
  52. ^ (1974), Griffith Observer, number 6
  53. ^ http://www.gambling.com/blackjack/tips-strategies/194/the-blackjack-breakdown
  54. ^ http://www.appliedprobability.org/content.aspx?Group=tms&Page=tmsabstracts36_1#eight
  55. ^ Golden, Les (2010). “Countering the Casino Countering of Counters: The Golden Diagram to the Rescue,” Bluff Europe, June, p. 84-85
  56. ^ Golden, Les (2011). “Trust Me: An Undetectable Winning System For Blackjack! ,” Bluff Europe, March, p. 94-95
  57. ^ Golden, Leslie M. (2011). “An Analysis of the Disadvantage to Players of Multiple Decks in the Game of 21.” The Mathematical Scientist, 32, 2, p. 57-69
  58. ^ Golden, Les (2011). “Stepping Out With My Baby: The Stepwise Betting Strategy,” Bluff Europe, April, p. 92-93
  59. ^ Dixon, P. (2005). “Roulette Wheel Testing,” Report on Stage 3.1 of NWML/GBGB Project Proposal
  60. ^ http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2007/ph210/hall1/
  61. ^ Golden, Les (2009). “Vodka Can Make You Tilt: How You Can Win At Roulette,” Bluff Europe, November, p. 90-92
  62. ^ Golden, Les (2009). “With The Tips In This Article You’ll Become Wealthy Beyond Your Wildest Dreams!,” Bluff Europe, December, p. 90-92
  63. ^ Golden, Les (2010). “Beginners in the Casino: Camouflaging Team Roulette,” Bluff Europe, January, p. 90-91.
  64. ^ http://www.oakparkjournal.com/Stories2002/2003-national-taxpayers-protest-op-sept-25.html
  65. ^ see, for example, (1989) CARE joins school board fray, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest , July 31, page 1; (1989) CARE tries to seek new identity, Oak Leaves, October 11, page 7; (1990) CARE endorsements have defeat the "incumbent" goal, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest , October 31, page 21; (1991) CARE challenges shake up village races, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, February 6, page 1; (1991) CARE: a party in search of an image, Oak Leaves, August 14, page 8; Thomas, Sherry (1995) “Is Runningbear really ‘Cut the Taxes’?”, Oak Leaves (Oak Park, Illinois), August 23, p. 13; Linden, Eric (1995) “New OPRF ‘slate’ reads like a hoax,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, August 9, p. 7
  66. ^ see, for example,(2006) “Oak Park tax griped to be discussed”, September 26, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-09-26/news/0609260292_1_property-tax-property-owners-steep-hike; (1987) 200 turn out at CARE tax forum, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, October 7; CARE tax forum adds speakers, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, September 9, 9
  67. ^ http://www.oakparkjournal.com/Stories2002/2003-national-taxpayers-protest-op-sept-25.html
  68. ^ see, for example, Stopeck, Marc (1991), “Shrubtown,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, July 24, p. 17; Stopeck, Marc (1991), “Shrubtown,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, August 14, p. 22; Stopeck, Marc (1991), “Shrubtown,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, August 21, p. 23; Stopeck, Marc (1991), “Shrubtown,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, August 28, p. 21; Stopeck, Marc (1992), “Shrubtown,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, August 12, p. 24; Stopeck, Marc (1993), “Shrubtown,” Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, August 11, p. 22
  69. ^ http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/773242/posts
  70. ^ (2002), Mission: Fool voters (editorial), Chicago Tribune, January 18, p. 18
  71. ^ (1996) “Cut taxing districts,” Berwyn Life October 9, p. 22
  72. ^ http://anti-state.com/forum/index.php?board=2;action=display;threadid=1446
  73. ^ http://ddd-hph.dlconsulting.com/cgi-bin/newshph?a=d&d=HPH19980107.2.3&cl=&srpos=0&st=1&e=00-00-0000-99-99-9999--20--1----Sen.+Obama-all
  74. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-09-18/news/0209180186_1_ballots-fractional-jagielski
  75. ^ http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/10-30-2002/Golden_wins_Cut-The-Taxes_suit,_sues_again_
  76. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-10-16/news/0210160202_1_blagojevich-spokesman-doug-scofield-illinois-state-board
  77. ^ Zorn, Eric. (1995) This candidate is a Cut the Taxes above the rest, Chicago Tribune (Metrowest), October 3, p. 1; http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-10-03/news/9510030038_1_wallace-gator-bradley-candidates-taxes
  78. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-10-23/news/0210230072_1_golden-ballot-orr
  79. ^ http://www.actuarialoutpost.com/actuarial_discussion_forum/showthread.php?p=136091
  80. ^ www.highbeam.com/doc/1N1-1110F700ED5B9A50.html
  81. ^ http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=09300SB0428ham005&GA=93&SessionId=3&DocTypeId=SB&LegID=&DocNum=0428&GAID=3&Session=
  82. ^ 10 ILCS 5/16-3 (e)
  83. ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-06-03/news/0306030127_1_orr-slogans-78th-district
  84. ^ Trainor, Ken (1997), “Who is Les Golden?”, Wednesday Journal of Oak Park and River Forest, April 2, p. 29-37
  85. ^ www.champaigncountyclerk.com/elections/docs/2012/2012CanGuide.pdf
  86. ^ www.elections.il.gov/downloads/electioninformationcourth/pdf/2011canguide.pdf
  87. ^ www.iicle.com
  88. ^ http://www.umsl.edu/~kimballd/illinois.pdf
  89. ^ law.onecle.com/texas/election/52.031.00.html
  90. ^ 10 ILCS 5/16-3 (f)
  91. ^ (2008) Sweeney, Chuck, Constitutional convention? Here's a pro-con, Rockford Register Star, June 18; http://www.rrstar.com/opinions/x1713643550/Constitutional-convention-Heres-a-pro-con
  92. ^ (2008) Wilson, Doug, Business group says constitutional convention would be too costly, risky, Quincy Herald-Whig, July 15
  93. ^ www.chicagogop.com/home/blogger/drlesmgolden/

Technical Publications

Probability and Statistics in Astronomy

1. Golden, Leslie M. (1971). “Evolution of Quasar Optical and Radio Luminosity,” Nature, 234, 103.

2. Golden, Leslie M. (1974). “Isotropy of Radio Source Populations from Comparison of Number - Flux Density Curves,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 166, 383.

3. Golden, Leslie M. (1974). “Observational Selection in the Identification of Quasars and Claims for Anisotropy,” Observatory, 94, 122.

4. Golden, Leslie M. (1979). “The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Transmission of Microwave Radiation Through a Planetary Surface,” Icarus, 38, 451.

Technical Articles on Gambling

1. Golden, Les; Thompson-Hill, Jeremy; and Theobold, Rick (2008). “Has Online Gaming Reached Saturation Point?,” iGaming Business, March/April, p. 16-17.

2 Golden, Les; Turner, Noah; and von Bar, Jens (2009). “The Death of the RNG,” iGaming Business, July/August, p. 56-59.

3. Golden, Leslie M. (2011). “An Analysis of the Disadvantage to Players of Multiple Decks in the Game of 21.” The Mathematical Scientist, 32, 2, p. 57-69.


External links

Categories

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