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<b><font size = "+2">THE INFERNO</font></b> <hr>

<b><font size = "+2">THE INFERNO</font></b> <hr>

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The passages below (in Latin with parallel English text) are Question 97 of the supplementary part of the Aquinas'  

The passages below (in Latin with parallel English text) are Question 97 of the supplementary part of the Aquinas'  

and the torments that will be afflicted upon the souls (and bodies) of the damned.

and the torments that will be afflicted upon the souls (and bodies) of the damned.

Are the damned are tormented only by fire ([[#Q97a1|article 1</a>)?  Not only are they afflicted by fire, but by all the elements, and their to their torment is added other torments from all the natural elements.  (It is only because fire is so painful, that its name is given to intense torment of any kind).

Are the damned are tormented only by fire ([[#Q97a1|article 1]])?  Not only are they afflicted by fire, but by all the elements, and their to their torment is added other torments from all the natural elements.  (It is only because fire is so painful, that its name is given to intense torment of any kind).

Will the Inferno be dark ([[#Q97a4|article 4</a>)?  Yes.  'Some hold that this darkness is caused by the massing together of the bodies of the damned, which will so fill the place of hell with their numbers, that no air will remain, so that there will be no translucid body that can be the subject of light and darkness, except the eyes of the damned, which will be darkened utterly.'   

Will the Inferno be dark ([[#Q97a4|article 4]])?  Yes.  'Some hold that this darkness is caused by the massing together of the bodies of the damned, which will so fill the place of hell with their numbers, that no air will remain, so that there will be no translucid body that can be the subject of light and darkness, except the eyes of the damned, which will be darkened utterly.'   

However, God will provide a certain amount of light - just enough for seeing those things which are capable of tormenting the souls of the damned still further.

However, God will provide a certain amount of light - just enough for seeing those things which are capable of tormenting the souls of the damned still further.

Will the fire of the Inferno be corporeal ([[#Q97a5|article 5</a>)?  Yes, because we are not aware of spiritual punishment, and it is physical punishment with which God threatens us.  Aquinas rejects the theory of Avicenna, that the souls of the wicked are punished after death, not by bodies but by images of bodies; just as in a dream.  For the power of imagination depends ultimately on the power of bodily organs.   

Will the fire of the Inferno be corporeal ([[#Q97a5|article 5]])?  Yes, because we are not aware of spiritual punishment, and it is physical punishment with which God threatens us.  Aquinas rejects the theory of Avicenna, that the souls of the wicked are punished after death, not by bodies but by images of bodies; just as in a dream.  For the power of imagination depends ultimately on the power of bodily organs.   

'We must admit that the fire that will torment the bodies of the damned is corporeal,  

'We must admit that the fire that will torment the bodies of the damned is corporeal,  

since we cannot fittingly apply a punishment to a body unless the punishment itself is a bodily one'.   

since we cannot fittingly apply a punishment to a body unless the punishment itself is a bodily one'.   

the fire of the inferno must be a physical, not a spiritual fire.   

the fire of the inferno must be a physical, not a spiritual fire.   

Is the fire of hell is of the same kind as earthly fire ([[#Q97a6|article 6</a>)?  Yes, but it has certain properties differing from our fire, for instance that it needs no kindling, nor is kept alive by fuel.  And is ([[#Q97a7|article 7</a>) the fire of hell is beneath the earth?  Probably.  After all, the Latin word for 'Hell' (<i>Infernus</i>) means 'the regions below'.  (the connotation of intense and searing heat, it clearly acquired from the Christian idea of punishment in the afterlife).  

Is the fire of hell is of the same kind as earthly fire ([[#Q97a6|article 6]])?  Yes, but it has certain properties differing from our fire, for instance that it needs no kindling, nor is kept alive by fuel.  And is ([[#Q97a7|article 7]]) the fire of hell is beneath the earth?  Probably.  After all, the Latin word for 'Hell' (<i>Infernus</i>) means 'the regions below'.  (the connotation of intense and searing heat, it clearly acquired from the Christian idea of punishment in the afterlife).  

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<tr> <td>    Ad primum ergo dicendum, quod Damascenus non negat simpliciter ignem illum materialem esse, sed quod <i>non est materialis talis qualis apud nos est</i>, eo quod quibusdam proprietatibus ad hoc igne distinguitur. Vel dicendum est, quod quia ignis ille non materialiter alterat corpora, sed quadam spirituali actione agit in ea ad punitionem, ut ex dictis patet, ideo non dicitur materialis, non quantum ad substantiam, sed quantum ad punitionis effectum in corporibus, et multo amplius in animabus.

<tr> <td>    Ad primum ergo dicendum, quod Damascenus non negat simpliciter ignem illum materialem esse, sed quod <i>non est materialis talis qualis apud nos est</i>, eo quod quibusdam proprietatibus ad hoc igne distinguitur. Vel dicendum est, quod quia ignis ille non materialiter alterat corpora, sed quadam spirituali actione agit in ea ad punitionem, ut ex dictis patet, ideo non dicitur materialis, non quantum ad substantiam, sed quantum ad punitionis effectum in corporibus, et multo amplius in animabus.

               </td> <td>    Reply to Objection 1. Damascene does not absolutely deny that this fire is material, but that it is material as our fire, since it differs from ours in some of its properties. We may also reply that since that fire does not alter bodies as to their matter, but acts on them for their punishment by a kind of spiritual action, it is for this reason that it is stated not to be material, not as regards its substance, but as to its punitive effect on bodies and, still more, on souls.  

               </td> <td>    Reply to Objection 1. Damascene does not absolutely deny that this fire is material, but that it is material as our fire, since it differs from ours in some of its properties. We may also reply that since that fire does not alter bodies as to their matter, but acts on them for their punishment by a kind of spiritual action, it is for this reason that it is stated not to be material, not as regards its substance, but as to its punitive effect on bodies and, still more, on souls.

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<tr> <td>    Ad secundum dicendum, quod dictum Augustini potest hoc modo accipi, ut pro tanto dicatur locus ille ad quem animae deferentur post mortem, non esse corporeus, quia anima in eo corporaliter non existit, per modum scilicet quo corpora existunt in loco, sed alio modo spirituali, sicut Angeli in loco sunt. Vel dicendum, quod Augustinus loquitur opinando, et non determinando, sicut frequenter facit in libro illo.

<tr> <td>    Ad secundum dicendum, quod dictum Augustini potest hoc modo accipi, ut pro tanto dicatur locus ille ad quem animae deferentur post mortem, non esse corporeus, quia anima in eo corporaliter non existit, per modum scilicet quo corpora existunt in loco, sed alio modo spirituali, sicut Angeli in loco sunt. Vel dicendum, quod Augustinus loquitur opinando, et non determinando, sicut frequenter facit in libro illo.