Changes

'''[[Allegheny Airlines]] Flight 853''', a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30]], [[Mid-air collision|collided in mid-air]] with a [[Piper Cherokee|Piper PA-28]] at approximately 3,550 feet on [[September 9]], [[1969]], near [[Fairland, Indiana]].  The DC-9 carried 78 passengers and 4 crew.  The Piper was leased to a [[Pilot certification in the United_States#Student|student pilot]] making a solo cross-country flight.  The occupants of both aircraft were killed in the accident and the aircraft were destroyed by the collision and ground impact.<ref name="ntsb">[http://amelia.db.erau.edu/reports/ntsb/aar/AAR70-15.pdf NTSB Report (PDF)]</ref>

'''[[Allegheny Airlines]] Flight 853''', a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30]], [[Mid-air collision|collided in mid-air]] with a [[Piper Cherokee|Piper PA-28]] at approximately 3,550 feet on [[September 9]], [[1969]], near [[Fairland, Indiana]].  The DC-9 carried 78 passengers and 4 crew.  The Piper was leased to a [[Pilot certification in the United_States#Student|student pilot]] making a solo cross-country flight.  The occupants of both aircraft were killed in the accident and the aircraft were destroyed by the collision and ground impact.<ref name="ntsb">[http://amelia.db.erau.edu/reports/ntsb/aar/AAR70-15.pdf NTSB Report (PDF)]</ref>

== Flight history ==

== Flight history ==

The [[NTSB|National Transportation Safety Board]] in a report adopted [[July 15]], [[1970]], released the following Probable Cause:<ref name="ntsb"/>

The [[NTSB|National Transportation Safety Board]] in a report adopted [[July 15]], [[1970]], released the following Probable Cause:<ref name="ntsb"/>

<blockquote>The Board determines the probable cause of this accident to be the deficiencies in the collision avoidance capability of the [[Air Traffic Control]] system of the [[FAA|Federal Aviation Administration]] in a [[Terminal Control Center|terminal area]] wherein there was mixed [[IFR|Instrument Flight Rules]] (IFR) and [[VFR|Visual Flight Rules]] (VFR) traffic.  The deficiencies included the inadequacy of the see-and-avoid concept under the circumstances of this case; the technical limitations of radar in detecting all aircraft; and the absence of [[Federal Aviation Regulations]] which would provide a system of adequate separation of mixed VFR and IFR traffic in terminal areas.</blockquote>

<blockquote>The Board determines the probable cause of this accident to be the deficiencies in the collision avoidance capability of the [[Air Traffic Control]] system of the [[FAA|Federal Aviation Administration]] in a [[Terminal Control Center|terminal area]] wherein there was mixed [[IFR|Instrument Flight Rules]] (IFR) and [[VFR|Visual Flight Rules]] (VFR) traffic.  The deficiencies included the inadequacy of the see-and-avoid concept under the circumstances of this case; the technical limitations of radar in detecting all aircraft; and the absence of [[Federal Aviation Regulations]] which would provide a system of adequate separation of mixed VFR and IFR traffic in terminal areas.</blockquote>

== Subsequent improvements ==

== Subsequent improvements ==