Help:Citation templates

Below are examples of how to use templates to cite books, encyclopedias, journals, theses, papers, websites, comic strips, videos, and editorial comics. See also category:citation templates.

• For full description of the template — click the template name
• Required field(s) are indicated in bold
• Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
• Following each example is the resulting article text.

The use of Citation templates is not required by C:CITE and is neither encouraged nor discouraged by any other Centiare citation guidelines. They may be used at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with the other editors on the article. Some editors find them helpful, while other editors find them annoying, particularly when used inline in the text. Because they are optional, editors should not change articles from one style to the other without consensus.

Template:-

source	template (required)	common usage	Example 1 article text	Example 2 article text
books	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | publisher = | date = | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = }}	{{cite book | last = Mumford | first = David | authorlink = David Mumford | title = The Red Book of Vari… | publisher = [[Springer]] | date = 1999 | pages = 198-203 | doi = 10.1007/b62130 | id = ISBN 354063293X }}	{{cite book | last = Cordell | first = Bruce R. | coauthors = Jeff Grubb, David Yu | title = [[Manual of the Planes]] | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] | date = 2001 | pages = pp. 198-203 | month = September | id = ISBN 0-7869-1850-8 }}
conference  report  or paper	{{cite conference}} title booktitle	{{cite conference | first = | last = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | booktitle = | pages = | publisher = | date = | location = | url = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }}	{{cite conference | first = M. | last = Turk | authorlink = | coauthors = Pentland, A. | title = Face recognition usi… | booktitle = Proc IEEE Confer… | pages = 586–591 | year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 586–591.	{{cite conference | last = Evans | first = N. R. | coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; Bon… | title = Direct detection of the close… | booktitle = American Astronomical Soci… | date = [[2006-01-09]] | url = http://www.aas.org/…30.htm | accessdate = 2006-07-02 }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia | title = | encyclopedia = | volume = | pages = | publisher = | date = | id = | accessdate = }}	{{cite encyclopedia | title = Kirkegaard, Ole Lund | encyclopedia = Grote Winkler… | volume = 9 | publisher = [[Winkler Prins]] | date = [[1882]] }} "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins 9. (1882). Winkler Prins.	{{cite encyclopedia | last = Kramer | first = Martin | authorlink = Martin Kramer | title = Bernard Lewis | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Histori… | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | date = 1999 | url = http://www.geocities.com/…wis.htm | accessdate = 2006-05-23 }} Kramer, Martin. (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1: 719–720. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
journal	{{cite journal}} Title	{{cite journal | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = | date = | url = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }}	{{cite journal | authorlink = Stephen Breyer | title = Copyright: A Rejoin… | journal = UCLA Law Review | volume = 20 | pages = 75–83 | date = October 1972 | publisher = UCLA School of…}}	{{cite journal | last = Bailey | first = David H. | authorlink = David H. Bailey | coauthors = [[Peter Borwein|Borwein, P… | title = The Quest for Pi | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–57 | date = [[1999-06-25]] | publisher = Springer | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…/pi-quest.pdf | format = [[PDF]] | id = ISSN: 0343-6993 | accessdate = 2006-06-29 }}
news	{{cite news}} Title	{{cite news | last = | first = | coauthors = | title = | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{cite news | last = McGee | first = Maggie | title = Seabed 'scarred' by… | pages = 12–27 | publisher = CNN | date = [[2005-02-10]] | url = http://www.cnn.com/200… | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Template:Cite news	{{cite news | last = Andersen | first = David | coauthors = Witter, Lameen | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Ta… | publisher = Marine Corps News | date = [[2006-02-17]] | url = http://www.military.com/Careers/… | accessdate = 2006-06-02 }} Template:Cite news
newsgroup  posting DO NOT USE TO VERIFY	{{cite newsgroup}} Title	{{cite newsgroup | title = | author = | date = | newsgroup = | id = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{cite newsgroup | author = Gary S. Terhune | title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del fu… | date = [[2004-01-11]] | newsgroup = microsoft.public… | id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2MSF… | url = http://groups.google.c… | accessdate = 2006-05-16 }} Gary S. Terhune (2004-01-11). "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd". microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion. (Google Groups). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.	{{cite newsgroup | title = How can helping "Kids in Afric… | author = Trodel | date = [[2006-06-10]] | newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.objec… | id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g2000… | url = http://groups.google.com/group/… | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Trodel (2006-06-10). "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest". humanities.philosophy.objectivism. (Google Groups). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
paper thesis dissertation	{{cite paper}} Title	{{cite paper | author = | title = | version = | publisher = | date = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}	{{cite paper | author = Ziman, J.M., F.R.S. | title = Public Knowledge: An… | date = 1968 | url =http://info.med.yale.edu | format = [[PDF]] | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Template:Cite paper	{{cite paper | author = Williamson, John and Zagha, R… | title = From the Hindu Rate of Growth… | version = Working Paper No 144 | publisher = Center for Research on eco… | date = 2002 | url = http://scid.stanford.edu/…144.pdf | format = [[PDF]] | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Template:Cite paper
press release	{{cite press release}} Title	{{cite press release | title = | publisher = | date = | url = | accessdate = }}	{{cite press release | title = Nature compares Wik… | publisher = The Wikimedia F… | date = [[2005-12-15]] | url = http://en.wikipedia.or… | accessdate = 2006-07-03}} The Wikimedia Foundation (2005-12-15). Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite press release | title = HFPA Announces Timetable for 6… | publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign Press…]] | date = [[2006-05-25]] | url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32 | accessdate = 2006-06-13 }} Hollywood Foreign Press Association (2006-05-25). HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.
video	{{cite video}} people title	{{cite video | people = | title = | medium = | publisher = | location = | date = }}	{{cite video | people = Al-Issawi, Omar(Dir… | title = [http…Harab libnan] | medium = TV-Series | publisher = Al-Issawi, Omar | location = Lebanon | date = 2001 }} Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). (2001). Harab libnan [TV-Series]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.	{{cite video | people = Dick Cavett | title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Ic… | medium = DVD | publisher = Shout Factory | date = 2005 }} Dick Cavett. (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969) [DVD]. Shout Factory.
website	{{cite web}} Title	{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | work = | publisher = | date = | url = | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}	{{cite web | last = Spiegel | first = Rachel | title = Research: Thalidomide | url=http://science-education… | accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel. "Research in the News: Thalidomide". Retrieved 2006-04-30.	{{cite web | last = Hansen | first = James E. | authorlink = James Hansen | coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K.… | title = GISS Surface Temperature Ana… | work = | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for S… | date = [[2005-12-15]] | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/giste… | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E. (2005-12-15). "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Retrieved 2006-09-28. Note: blank fields (format & doi above) will not affect the result unless the field is required.
etc…

What to type	What it makes
{{Comic book reference | writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] | inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]] | story=The Fantastic Four! | title=[[The Fantastic Four]] | volume=1 | issue=1 | date=[[November]], [[1961]] | publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] | page=3 | panel=2 }} Notes This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in Bone, or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person. The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Lee, Stan (w),  Kirby, Jack (p),  Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four v1 #1 November, 1961 Marvel Comics (3/2).
{{Comic strip reference | cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]] | strip=[[Steve Canyon]] | paper=Journal Herald | location=Dayton, OH | date=[[July 15]], [[1967]] | supplement=Color Comics Supplement | syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate | page=1 }} Notes The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Caniff, Milton (c). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967, [Color Comics Supplement], Newspaper Syndicate: 1.
{{Editorial cartoon reference | cartoonist=[[Steve Bell|Bell, Steve]] | cartoon=The alleged al-Qaida threat to Los Angeles | paper=The Guardian | date=10 February | year=2006 | page=29 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/cartoons/stevebell/0,,1706884,00.html}} Notes The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Bell, Steve. "The alleged al-Qaida threat to Los Angeles",[1] The Guardian. 10 February 2006: p.29.
Harvard reference templates (Template:Harvard reference) (for books, periodicals, contributions to edited books, etc.) Books: {{Harvard reference | Surname=Turner | Given=O. | Title=History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve | Publisher=William Alling | Place=[[Rochester, New York]] | Year=1851 | URL=http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851 }}. Periodicals: {{Harvard reference | Surname=Smith | Given=J. III | Authorlink=Joseph Smith III | Title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma | Journal=The Saints' Herald | Volume=26 | Issue=19 | Year=1879 | Page=289 | URL=http://www.lavazone2.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }}. Chapters: {{Harvard reference | Surname=Dawson | Given=R. | Year= 1999 | Chapter=Secrets of Power Negotiating | Editor=R.J. Lewicki, D.M. Saunders & J.W. Minton | Title=Negotiation: Readings, Exercises, and Cases | Edition=3rd | Publisher=Irwin/McGraw-Hill | Place=New York | URL=http://huffingtonpost.com | Access-date=[[November 10]], [[2005]] }}. Multiple authors: {{Harvard reference | Surname1=Lincoln | Given1=A. | Surname2=Washington | Given2=G. | Surname3=Adams | Given3=J. | Title=All the Presidents' Names | Publisher=The Pentagon | Place=Home Base, New York | Year=2007 }}. Alternate formatting:all options same as above {{Harvrefcol|Surname=Blust|Given=R.|Year=1999|Chapter=Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics|Editors=E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li|Edition=3rd|Title=Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics|Place=Taipei|Publisher=Academia Sinica|Pages=31-94}}.	Turner, O. (1851), Template:Link, Rochester, New York: William Alling. Smith, J. III (1879), Template:Link, The Saints' Herald, vol. 26, no. 19, pp. 289–90. Dawson, R. (1999), Template:Link in R.J. Lewicki, D.M. Saunders & J.W. Minton, ed., Negotiation: Readings, Exercises, and Cases (3rd ed.), New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill [November 10, 2005]. Lincoln, A., Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), Template:Link, Home Base, New York: The Pentagon. Blust, R. (1999). Template:Link in E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li (Eds.) Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (3rd ed., pp. 31-94). Taipei: Academia Sinica
Harvard citation examples ( Template:Harvard citation) Based on related Harvard citation template (automatically creates a one-directional link to the first matching Harvard reference on the same page): {{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} (full cite format) {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}} (short format) {{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text) {{Harvnb|Smith|1879}} (no braces) {{Harv|Jones|2006|loc=section 5|Ref=none}} (non-linking) {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88–89}} (multi-author) Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. Their syntax is identical to the Harvard citation template: {{Harvcol|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} {{Harvcolnb|Smith|1879|p=289}} {{Harvcoltxt|Blust|1999}} asserts that ... {{Harvcolnb|Smith|1879}} {{Harvcolnb|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88–89}} Notes For compatibility with various author-name referencing styles, Surname and Year are mandatory. If there is only one author, the parameters Surname and Given may be replaced with Last and First, respectively. Template is generally compatible with Template:Cite book. See also Wikipedia:Harvard citation template examples	(Turner 1851, pp. 10–11) (Smith 1879, p. 289) Turner (1851) asserts that ... Smith 1879 (Jones 2006, section 5) (Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007, pp. 88–89) Harvcol templates (Turner 1851:10–11) (Smith 1879:289) Blust (1999) asserts that ... Smith 1879 Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007:88–89