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| − | '''[[January 4]]''' is the [[4 (number)|4th]] day of the year in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. 361 days (362 in [[leap year]]s) remain in the year after this day. | + | '''January 4''' in history: |
| − | == Events ==
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| | | | |
| − | *[[871]] - [[Battle of Reading (871)|Battle of Reading]] - [[Ethelred of Wessex]] fights a [[Denmark|Danish]] invasion army.
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| − | *[[1493]] - [[Christopher Columbus]] leaves the [[New World]], ending his first journey.
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| − | *[[1642]] - [[English Civil War]]: King [[Charles I of England]] attacks [[Parliament]].
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| − | *[[1698]] - Most of the [[Palace of Whitehall]] in [[London]], the main residence of the [[British monarchy|English monarchs]], is destroyed by fire.
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| − | *[[1717]] - The [[Netherlands]], [[England]] and [[France]] sign the [[Triple Alliance (1717)|Triple Alliance]].
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| − | *[[1762]] - [[England]] declares war on [[Spain]] and [[Naples]].
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| − | *[[1847]] - [[Samuel Colt]] sells his first [[revolver]] pistol to the [[United States]] government.
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| − | *[[1850]] - The first American [[ice-skating]] club is formed ([[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]).
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| − | *[[1854]] - The [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands|McDonald Islands]] are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''.
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| − | *[[1884]] - The [[Fabian Society]] is founded in [[London]]
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| − | *[[1885]] - The first successful [[appendectomy]] is performed by Dr. [[William W. Grant]] on Mary Gartside.
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| − | *[[1896]] - [[Utah]] is admitted as the 45th [[U.S. state]].
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| − | *[[1912]] - [[The Scout Association]] is incorporated throughout the [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] by [[Royal Charter]].
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| − | *[[1936]] - ''[[Mickey's Polo Team]]'', a short [[animated film]] featuring [[Charlie Chaplin]], [[Oliver Hardy]], [[Stan Laurel]] and [[Harpo Marx]] in a [[polo]] match against various [[List of Disney characters|Disney characters]], is first released.
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| − | *[[1936]] - [[Billboard magazine]] publishes its first [[pop music]] charts.
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| − | *[[1944]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] begins.
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| − | *[[1948]] - [[Burma]] gains its independence from the [[United Kingdom]].
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| − | *[[1951]] - [[Korean War]]: Chinese and [[North Korea]]n forces capture [[Seoul]].
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| − | *[[1957]] - After 69 years the last issue of ''[[Collier's Weekly]]'' magazine is published.
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| − | *[[1958]] - [[Sputnik 1]] falls to Earth from its orbit (launched on [[October 4]], [[1957]]).
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| − | *[[1959]] - [[Luna 1]] becomes the first [[spacecraft]] to reach the vicinity of the [[Moon]].
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| − | *[[1962]] - [[New York City]] introduces a train that operates without a crew on-board.
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| − | *[[1965]] - [[United States President]] [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] proclaims his "Great Society" during his [[State of the Union address]].
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| − | *[[1967]] - [[Donald Campbell]] dies as his jet-powered ''Bluebird K7'' crashes during an attempt to break the [[water speed record]].
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| − | *[[1972]] - [[Rose Heilbron]] becomes the first woman judge to sit at the [[Old Bailey]] in [[London]].
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| − | *[[1974]] - United States President [[Richard Nixon]] refuses to hand over materials subpoenaed by the Senate [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]] Committee.
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| − | *[[1987]] - An [[Amtrak]] train en route to [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] from [[Washington, DC]] collides with [[Conrail]] engines, killing 16.
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| − | *[[1989]] - A pair of Lybian [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23|MiG-23 "Floggers"]] are shot down by a pair of [[US Navy]] [[F-14 Tomcat]]s during an air-to-air confrontation.
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| − | *[[1998]] - [[Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 4 January 1998|Wilaya of Relizane massacres]] in [[Algeria]]; over 170 are killed in three remote villages.
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| − | *[[1999]] - Gunmen open fire on [[Shiite]] Muslims worshipping in an [[Islamabad]] mosque killing 16 people injuring 25.
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| − | *[[2004]] - Dr. [[Mikhail Saakashvili]] is elected the [[President of Georgia|President]] of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].
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| − | *[[2004]] - [[MER-A|Spirit]], a [[NASA]] [[Mars Rover]], lands successfully on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]] at 04:35 UTC.
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| | | | |
| − | == Births ==
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| − | ===1077 to 1899===
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| − | *[[1077]] - [[Emperor Zhezong]] of China (d. [[1100]])
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| − | *[[1334]] - [[Amadeus VI of Savoy]] (d. [[1383]])
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| − | *[[1581]] - [[James Ussher]], Irish Catholic archbishop (d. [[1656]])
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| − | *[[1643]] - [[Isaac Newton]], English scientist and philosopher (d. [[1727]])
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| − | *[[1664]] - [[Lars Roberg]], Swedish physician (d. [[1742]])
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| − | *[[1672]] - [[Hugh Boulter]], Irish Archbishop of Armagh (d. [[1742]])
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| − | *[[1710]] - [[Giovanni Battista Pergolesi]], Italian composer (d. [[1736]])
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| − | *[[1720]] - [[Johann Friedrich Agricola]], German composer (d. [[1774]])
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| − | *[[1785]] - [[Jakob Grimm]], German philologist and folklorist (d. [[1863]])
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| − | *[[1809]] - [[Louis Braille]], French teacher of the blind (d. [[1852]])
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| − | *[[1832]] - [[George Tryon]], British admiral (d. 1893)
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| − | *[[1838]] - [[Charles Stratton]], American circus performer (d. [[1883]])
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| − | *[[1848]] - [[Katsura Taro]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1913]])
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| − | *[[1869]] - [[Tommy Corcoran]], baseball player (d. [[1960]])
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| − | *[[1874]] - [[Josef Suk (composer)|Josef Suk]], Czech composer and violinist (d. [[1935]])
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| − | *[[1881]] - [[Wilhelm Lehmbruck]], German sculptor (d. [[1919]])
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| − | *[[1883]] - [[Max Eastman]], American writer (d. [[1969]])
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| − | *[[1894]] - [[Manuel de Abreu]], Brazilian physician (d. [[1962]])
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| − | *[[1896]] - [[Everett Dirksen]], American politician (d. [[1969]])
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| − | *[[1896]] - [[André Masson]], French artist (d. [[1987]])
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| | | | |
| − | ===1900 to 1999===
| + | * 1493, Christopher Columbus leaves the New World, ending his first journey |
| − | *[[1900]] - [[James Bond (ornithologist)|James Bond]], American ornithologist (d. [[1989]]) | |
| − | *[[1901]] - [[C. L. R. James]], writer and journalist (d. 1989)
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| − | *[[1905]] - [[Sterling Holloway]], American actor (d. [[1992]])
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| − | *[[1914]] - [[Jane Wyman]], American actress
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| − | *[[1920]] - [[William Colby]], American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. [[1996]])
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| − | *[[1930]] - [[Sorrell Booke]], American actor (d. [[1994]])
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| − | *1930 - [[Don Shula]], American football coach
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| − | *[[1931]] - [[Lala Mara|Adi Lady Lala Mara]], First Lady of Fiji
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| − | *[[1935]] - [[Floyd Patterson]], American boxer
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| − | *[[1937]] - [[Grace Bumbry]], American singer
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| − | *1937 - [[Dyan Cannon]], American actress
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| − | *[[1940]] - [[Helmut Jahn]], German architect
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| − | *1940 - [[Brian David Josephson]], Welsh physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
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| − | *1940 - [[Gao Xingjian]], Chinese-born writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate
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| − | *[[1941]] - [[Maureen Reagan]], American political activist (d. [[2001]])
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| − | *[[1943]] - [[Doris Kearns Goodwin]], American writer
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| − | *[[1945]] - [[Richard R. Schrock]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
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| − | *[[1953]] - [[Norberto Alonso]], Argentine footballer
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| − | *[[1956]] - [[Bernard Sumner]], English musician ([[New Order]])
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| − | *[[1957]] - [[Patty Loveless]], American singer
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| − | *[[1958]] - [[Matt Frewer]], American actor
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| − | *1958 - [[Gary Jones]], Welsh-born actor
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| − | *[[1960]] - [[Michael Stipe]], American singer ([[R.E.M. (band)|R.E.M.]])
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| − | *[[1962]] - [[Peter Steele]], American singer and bassist ([[Type O Negative]])
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| − | *1962 - [[Robin Guthrie]], Scottish guitarist
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| − | *[[1963]] - [[Dave Foley]], Canadian comedian and actor
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| − | *1963 - [[Till Lindemann]], German singer ([[Rammstein]])
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| − | *[[1965]] - [[Julia Ormond]], English actress
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| − | *[[1966]] - [[Deana Carter]], American singer
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| − | *[[1978]] - [[Dwight Freeney]], American football player
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| − | *1978 - [[Dominik Hrbatý]], Slovakian tennis player
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| − | *[[1979]] - [[Jeph Howard]], American musician ([[The Used]])
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| − | *[[1986]] - [[James Milner]], English footballer
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| − | <!-- Do not add yourself, or anyone else who does not already have a Wikipedia article, to this list. Duplicate instances of years should not be links. -->
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| | | | |
| − | ==Deaths==
| + | * 1717, the [[Directory:Netherlands|Netherlands]], England, and France sign the Triple Alliance against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. The three states were concerned about Spain becoming a superpower in Europe. As a result of this militarisation took place, causing great havoc to civilians. This enraged Spain and other states, leading to brinkmanship. It became the Quadruple Alliance the next year with the accession of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI |
| − | ===1248 to 1899===
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| − | *[[1248]] - King [[Sancho II of Portugal]] (b. [[1207]])
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| − | *[[1564]] - [[Hosokawa Ujitsuna]], Japanese military commander (b. [[1514]]) | |
| − | *[[1695]] - [[François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Luxembourg]], French general (b. [[1628]])
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| − | *[[1752]] - [[Gabriel Cramer]], Swiss mathematician (b. [[1704]])
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| − | *[[1761]] - [[Stephen Hales]], English physiologist, chemist, and inventor (b. [[1677]])
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| − | *[[1782]] - [[Ange-Jacques Gabriel]], French architect (b. [[1698]])
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| − | *[[1804]] - [[Charlotte Lennox]], English author and poet
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| − | *[[1821]] - [[Elizabeth Ann Seton]], American saint (b. [[1774]])
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| − | *[[1825]] - King [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] (b. [[1751]])
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| − | *[[1831]] - [[James Monroe]], [[President of the United States]] (b. [[1758]])
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| − | *[[1877]] - [[Cornelius Vanderbilt]], American entrepreneur (b. [[1794]])
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| − | *[[1896]] - [[Joseph Hubert Reinkens]], German Old Catholic bishop (b. [[1821]])
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| − | ===1900 to 1999===
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| − | *[[1903]] - [[Gulstan Ropert]], Roman Catholic prelate (b. [[1839]])
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| − | *[[1940]] - [[Flora Finch]], English-born comedienne and actress (b. [[1869]])
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| − | *[[1941]] - [[Henri Bergson]], French philosopher, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (b. [[1859]])
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| − | *[[1960]] - [[Albert Camus]], Algerian-born French philosopher and writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (automobile accident) (b. [[1913]])
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| − | *[[1961]] - [[Erwin Schrödinger]], Austrian physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1887]])
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| − | *[[1965]] - [[T. S. Eliot]], American writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1888]])
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| − | *[[1967]] - [[Donald Campbell]], English water speed record setter (b. [[1921]])
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| − | *[[1969]] - [[Violet Hilton|Violet]] and [[Daisy Hilton]], English conjoined twin actresses (b. [[1908]])
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| − | *[[1970]] - [[Jean-Etienne Valluy]], French general (b. [[1899]])
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| − | *[[1985]] - [[Brian Horrocks]], British general (b. [[1895]])
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| − | *[[1986]] - [[Christopher Isherwood]], English writer (b. [[1904]])
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| − | *[[1986]] - [[Phil Lynott]], Irish musician (b. [[1949]])
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| − | *[[1990]] - [[Doc Edgerton]], American electrical engineer (b. [[1903]])
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| − | *[[1998]] - [[Mae Questel]], American actress (b. [[1908]])
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| − | *[[1999]] - [[Iron Eyes Cody]], American actor (b. [[1904]])
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| | | | |
| − | ===2000 onwards===
| + | * 1762, England declares war on Spain and Naples |
| − | *[[2003]] - [[Conrad Hall]], American cinematographer (b. [[1927]]) | |
| − | *2003 - [[Yfrah Neaman]], Lebanese-born violinist (b. [[1923]])
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| − | *[[2004]] - [[Joan Aiken]], English author (b. [[1924]])
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| − | *2004 - [[Brian Gibson]], English film director (b. [[1944]])
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| − | *2004 - [[Jake Hess]], American singer (b. [[1927]])
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| − | *2004 - [[Jeff Nuttall]], English writer, publisher, actor, artist, and jazz trumpeter (b. [[1933]])
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| − | *2004 - [[John Toland (author)|John Toland]], American author and historian (b. [[1912]])
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| − | *[[2005]] - [[Humphrey Carpenter]], English author and biographer (b. [[1946]])
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| − | *2005 - [[Ali al-Haidri]], Iraqi governor of Baghdad (assassinated)
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| − | *2005 - [[Frank Harary]], American mathematician (b. [[1921]])
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| − | *2005 - [[Robert Heilbroner]], American economist (b. [[1919]])
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| − | *2005 - [[Bud Poile]], Canadian hockey player (b. [[1924]])
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| − | <!-- Duplicate instances of years should not be links. -->
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| − | ==Holidays and observances==
| + | * 1847, Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the United States government |
| − | *[[Feast day]] of [[Elizabeth Ann Seton|St Elizabeth Ann Seton]] | |
| − | *The tenth day and eleventh night of [[Christmas]] in Western [[Christianity]]
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/4 BBC: On This Day]
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| − | ---- | + | * 1865, the New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street in New York City |
| − | [[January 3]] - [[January 5]] - [[December 4]] - [[February 4]] -- [[Historical anniversaries|listing of all days]] | + | |
| | + | * 1936, Billboard magazine publishes its first pop music charts |
| | + | |
| | + | * 1944, Operation Carpetbagger, involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in Europe, begins |
| | + | |
| | + | * 1951, during the Korean War: Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul |
| | + | |
| | + | * 1962, New York City introduces a train that operates without a crew on-board |
| | + | |
| | + | * 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson proclaims his "Great Society" during his State of the Union address |
| | + | |
| | + | * 1974, President Richard Nixon refuses to hand over materials subpoenaed by the Senate Watergate Committee |
| | + | |
| | + | * 1995, the 104th Congress convened, the first entirely under Republican control since the Eisenhower era |
| | + | |
| | + | * 2004, Spirit, a NASA Mars Rover, lands successfully on Mars at 04:35 UTC |
| | + | |
| | + | * 2006, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of Israel suffers a second stroke. His authority is transferred to Acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, who still holds the position |
| | + | |
| | + | * 2007, the 110th United States Congress convenes, electing Nancy Pelosi as the first female Speaker of the House in U.S. history |
| | + | |
| | + | [[Category:January]][[Category:Days of the Year]] |
