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| The '''History of the Balkan states''' is a complex affair. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the former Yugoslavia, evidence has emerged that portrays the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and its leader Josip Broz Tito in a totally different light. His regime now seems to be much more '''Stalinist''' [http://books.google.com/books?id=N1j1QdPMockC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=Frank+Waddams,+a+British+representative+who+had+lived+outside+of+Belgrade&source=bl&ots=0ogZwcLZau&sig=fTZXy1TLYBQBJnbyYCoeyZ61ABw&hl=en&ei=e13IStXNJZiQ6APPjMXKDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Waddams%2C%20a%20British%20representative%20who%20had%20lived%20outside%20of%20Belgrade&f=false][http://books.google.com/books?id=3WLxbI1EhFAC&pg=PA312&dq=Josip+broz+tito+Cult+of+Personality&lr=#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz%20tito%20Cult%20of%20Personality&f=false] than the image that was portrayed to the people of Yugoslavia and to the West during the Cold War. Josip Broz Tito Commander of all Partisans and Communists during WWII oversaw some of the worst war crimes know to mankind. There are books, articles (writtem by professionals) as well as TV documentaries (some were aired on BBC 4 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kspj_4TcjOQ&feature=related] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2uvudCq2q8&feature=PlayList&p=1DFEA72867B14F6F&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1]) in which people testified to the truth of these historical events. | | The '''History of the Balkan states''' is a complex affair. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the former Yugoslavia, evidence has emerged that portrays the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and its leader Josip Broz Tito in a totally different light. His regime now seems to be much more '''Stalinist''' [http://books.google.com/books?id=N1j1QdPMockC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=Frank+Waddams,+a+British+representative+who+had+lived+outside+of+Belgrade&source=bl&ots=0ogZwcLZau&sig=fTZXy1TLYBQBJnbyYCoeyZ61ABw&hl=en&ei=e13IStXNJZiQ6APPjMXKDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Waddams%2C%20a%20British%20representative%20who%20had%20lived%20outside%20of%20Belgrade&f=false][http://books.google.com/books?id=3WLxbI1EhFAC&pg=PA312&dq=Josip+broz+tito+Cult+of+Personality&lr=#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz%20tito%20Cult%20of%20Personality&f=false] than the image that was portrayed to the people of Yugoslavia and to the West during the Cold War. Josip Broz Tito Commander of all Partisans and Communists during WWII oversaw some of the worst war crimes know to mankind. There are books, articles (writtem by professionals) as well as TV documentaries (some were aired on BBC 4 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kspj_4TcjOQ&feature=related] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2uvudCq2q8&feature=PlayList&p=1DFEA72867B14F6F&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1]) in which people testified to the truth of these historical events. |
| The notorious Bleiburg [http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/09/world/evolution-in-europe-piles-of-bones-in-yugoslavia-point-to-partisan-massacres.html?pagewanted=all] [http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/yugoslav-hist1.htm] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleiburg_massacre] and Foibe massacres [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6360429.stm] [http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foibe_massacres] were two of these. | | The notorious Bleiburg [http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/09/world/evolution-in-europe-piles-of-bones-in-yugoslavia-point-to-partisan-massacres.html?pagewanted=all] [http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/yugoslav-hist1.htm] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleiburg_massacre] and Foibe massacres [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6360429.stm] [http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foibe_massacres] were two of these. |
− | The articles that appear in Wikipedia (as of 2009) do not reflect this modern view of the former Yugoslavia. They still adhere to and reflect the propaganda of the former '''Communist Party of Yugoslavia''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia]. The article about the Dictator Josip Broz Tito is written in a child-like manner, similar to a Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. From the late 1960’s to the 1970’s, economic decisions that were made by Josip Broz and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, put the country in a disastrous political situation. Ironically the article on Tito does not even mention the fact that he was a Dictator [http://newsnbuzz.com/world/inside-titos-luxury-playground.html] or his Cult of Personality [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_personality] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUZx70JDseU&feature=related] [http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false]. None of this information is presented in a professional encyclopedic fashion and when qualified references are presented to prove otherwise, Wikipedia Admin meets it with silence. Why is this the case? | + | The articles that appear in Wikipedia (as of 2009) do not reflect this modern view of the former Yugoslavia. They still adhere to and reflect the propaganda of the former '''Communist Party of Yugoslavia''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia]. The article about the Dictator Josip Broz Tito is written in a child-like manner, similar to a Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. From the late 1960’s to the 1970’s, economic decisions that were made by Josip Broz and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, put the country in a disastrous political situation (none of this is mentioned). Ironically the article on Tito does not even mention the fact that he was a Dictator [http://newsnbuzz.com/world/inside-titos-luxury-playground.html] or his Cult of Personality [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_personality] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUZx70JDseU&feature=related] [http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false]. None of this information is presented in a professional encyclopedic fashion and when qualified references are presented to prove otherwise, Wikipedia Admin meets it with silence. Why is this the case? |
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| Since the early 90’s information concerning historical events surrounding Croatia are turning out to be similar to the history of the Soviet Union (massacres, ethnic cleansing, power struggles, political propaganda for cover ups of the truth). There is very little mention of his notorious KGB [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB] police style organizations UDBA [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2v4118TV8c] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDBA ]& OZNA [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OZNA] | | Since the early 90’s information concerning historical events surrounding Croatia are turning out to be similar to the history of the Soviet Union (massacres, ethnic cleansing, power struggles, political propaganda for cover ups of the truth). There is very little mention of his notorious KGB [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB] police style organizations UDBA [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2v4118TV8c] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDBA ]& OZNA [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OZNA] |
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| Because the articles about these subjects are controlled by Croatian or Slovenian nationalist editors, Wikipedia does not present this information in a way that reflects modern scholarly research. The University of Zagreb’s Ivo Goldstein, and other professional historians from Croatia, are already tackling these issues. The Croatian government is even paying compensation to former victims of the Communist regime. | | Because the articles about these subjects are controlled by Croatian or Slovenian nationalist editors, Wikipedia does not present this information in a way that reflects modern scholarly research. The University of Zagreb’s Ivo Goldstein, and other professional historians from Croatia, are already tackling these issues. The Croatian government is even paying compensation to former victims of the Communist regime. |
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| ==Josip Broz Tito== | | ==Josip Broz Tito== |
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| The article on Tito in Wikipedia needs more information on the first two decades of Tito's reign. From 1944 onwards his style of government was similar to that of Stalin's. Tito was a member of the '''Soviet Communist Party''' and the notorious Soviet Police-'''NKVD''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKVD] (this is mentioned only briefly in the Wikipedia article) The NKVD executed the rule of terror and political repression, on a grand scale (NKVD executed tens of thousands of Polish political prisoners in 1939-1941/Katyn massacre [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyń_massacre]). He and his comrades set up KGB style police units (UDBA [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2v4118TV8c] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDBA] & OZNA [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OZNA]) in former Yugoslavia and also ran Partisan Death Squads towards the end of the war. | | The article on Tito in Wikipedia needs more information on the first two decades of Tito's reign. From 1944 onwards his style of government was similar to that of Stalin's. Tito was a member of the '''Soviet Communist Party''' and the notorious Soviet Police-'''NKVD''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKVD] (this is mentioned only briefly in the Wikipedia article) The NKVD executed the rule of terror and political repression, on a grand scale (NKVD executed tens of thousands of Polish political prisoners in 1939-1941/Katyn massacre [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyń_massacre]). He and his comrades set up KGB style police units (UDBA [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2v4118TV8c] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDBA] & OZNA [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OZNA]) in former Yugoslavia and also ran Partisan Death Squads towards the end of the war. |
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| + | '''BBC UK/History''' by Tim Judah |
| + | :Tito's Yugoslavia also gained enormous prestige as a founder of the non-aligned movement, which aimed to find a place in world politics for countries that did not want to stand foursquare behind either of the two superpowers. |
| + | Despite all this, and although there was much substance to Tito's Yugoslavia, much was illusion too. The economy was built on the shaky foundations of massive western loans. Even liberal communism had its limits, as did the very nature of the federation. Stirrings of nationalist dissent in Croatia and Kosovo were crushed. The federation worked because in reality the voice of only one man counted - that of Tito himself. |
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| + | == Encyclopaedia Britannica: Josip Broz Tito == |
| + | |
| + | He knew that the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and others could not be integrated within some new supranation, nor would they willingly accept the hegemony of any of their number; yet his supranational Yugoslavism frequently smacked of unitarism. He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the ''coup de grâce'' to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the '''state treasury was empty''' and political opportunists unchecked. He died too late for constructive change, too early to prevent chaos. |
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| + | == Communist Propaganda & Cult of Personality Within the Former Yugoslavia == |
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− | == Cult of Personality ==
| + | The Yugoslav Communist state propaganda machine shared much with the Soviet Union. The Soviet format was imposed and then slightly modified. The Yugoslav Communist state used '''youth indoctrination''' (Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Pioneers_of_Yugoslavia]), which were all too similar to the Soviet Union (Young Pioneer of the Soviet Union [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Pioneer_organization_of_the_Soviet_Union]) and the People's Republic of China [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Pioneers_of_China]. Communist political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. They can be found in any Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. |
| + | Media and arts were used as a powerful means of propaganda and were all placed under heavy censorship. Josip Broz Tito was the main subject. Images, monuments, towns, street names, '''endless awards''' were given and a never ending production of books, films and poetry were created. Financially a huge amount of resources were used to keep the Communist propaganda and political activities running on a daily basis. Glorification and hero worship of the leader Josip Broz were a constant diet for the former peoples of Yugoslavia. |
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− | The below referenced information is from ‘Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist’ by Paul Hollander [http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hollander].
| + | Most of Josip Broz’s images, monuments, town names and street names are now being removed. This started after the fall of the Berlin Wall and after the break up of Yugoslavia. |
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− | ''“Virtually every communist system extinct or surviving at one point or another, had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behavior and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”'' | + | *The below referenced information is from ‘Discontents: Postmodern and Postcommunist’ by Paul Hollander [http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hollander]. |
− | ''“ Stalin, Maio, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations”'' | + | |
| + | :''“Virtually every communist system extinct or surviving at one point or another, had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behavior and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”'' |
| + | :''“ Stalin, Maio, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations”'' |
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| Paul Hollander is an American scholar, journalist, and conservative political writer. (Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis). | | Paul Hollander is an American scholar, journalist, and conservative political writer. (Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis). |
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− | == Communist Party of Yugoslavia/Tito & the Yugoslav Economy == | + | == Communist Party of Yugoslavia, Tito & the Yugoslav Economy == |
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| ''Self -management as system was only slightly more efficient than the Soviet model. It was bureaucratised and cumbersome and could not compete with Western economies. People could obtain so much free or for less than the market price (e.g. apartments) that they could be obtain without work. All this made the settling of accounts in the 1980s and in the post-socialist age more difficult'' | | ''Self -management as system was only slightly more efficient than the Soviet model. It was bureaucratised and cumbersome and could not compete with Western economies. People could obtain so much free or for less than the market price (e.g. apartments) that they could be obtain without work. All this made the settling of accounts in the 1980s and in the post-socialist age more difficult'' |
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| Professor Ivo Goldstein’s[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein] work ''above'' proves that Josip Broz, put simply, was a bad economist and the Communists Party members were bad economists too. According to these and other references, this was one of the reasons that contributed to the break-up of Yugoslavia. As this was such an historical event, this information should be in the Wikipedia article in order to make it more encyclopaedic. | | Professor Ivo Goldstein’s[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein] work ''above'' proves that Josip Broz, put simply, was a bad economist and the Communists Party members were bad economists too. According to these and other references, this was one of the reasons that contributed to the break-up of Yugoslavia. As this was such an historical event, this information should be in the Wikipedia article in order to make it more encyclopaedic. |
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− | == Communist Propaganda within the Former Yugoslavia ==
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− | The Yugoslav Communist state propaganda machine shared much with the Soviet Union. The Soviet format was imposed and then slightly modified. The Yugoslav Communist state used youth indoctrination ( Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Pioneers_of_Yugoslavia]), which were all too similar to the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. Communist political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. They can be found in any Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s.
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− | Media and arts were used as a powerful means of propaganda and were all placed under heavy censorship. Josip Broz Tito was the main subject. Images, monuments, towns, street names, '''endless awards''' were given and a never ending production of books, films and poetry were created. Financially a huge amount of resources were used to keep the Communist propaganda and political activities running on a daily basis. Glorification and hero worship of the leader Josip Broz were a constant diet for the former peoples of Yugoslavia.
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− | Most of Josip Broz’s images, monuments, town names and street names are now being removed. This started after the fall of the Berlin Wall and after the break up of Yugoslavia.
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− | == Encyclopaedia Britannica: Josip Broz Tito ==
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− | He knew that the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and others could not be integrated within some new supranation, nor would they willingly accept the hegemony of any of their number; yet his supranational Yugoslavism frequently smacked of unitarism. He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the ''coup de grâce'' to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the '''state treasury was empty''' and political opportunists unchecked. He died too late for constructive change, too early to prevent chaos.
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| == The Bleiberg massacre == | | == The Bleiberg massacre == |
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| == Draža Mihailović == | | == Draža Mihailović == |
− | | + | Draža Mihailović was one of the organizers the royalist Chetniks in Yugoslavia during WW2. He has been portrait by the Former Yugoslav State (& the Western Allies) as being allied with Germans. The truth is turning to be much more complex (Mihailović was awarded the Legion of Merit [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Merit], based on General Dwight D. Eisenhower[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower] recommendations). |
| === Britannica === | | === Britannica === |
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