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Back to the proposition <math>pq.\!</math>  Imagine yourself standing in a fixed cell of the corresponding venn diagram, say, the cell where the proposition <math>pq\!</math> is true, as shown here:

Back to the proposition <math>pq.\!</math>  Imagine yourself standing in a fixed cell of the corresponding venn diagram, say, the cell where the proposition <math>pq\!</math> is true, as shown in the following venn diagram:

{| align="center" cellpadding="10"

{| align="center" cellpadding="10"

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Now ask yourself:  What is the value of the proposition <math>pq\!</math> at a distance <math>\operatorname{d}p</math> and <math>\operatorname{d}q</math> from the cell <math>pq\!</math> where you are standing?

Now ask yourself:  What is the value of the proposition <math>pq\!</math> at a distance of <math>\operatorname{d}p</math> and <math>\operatorname{d}q</math> from the cell <math>pq\!</math> where you are standing?

Don't think about it &mdash; just compute:

Don't think about it &mdash; just compute:

Next question:  What is the difference between the value of the

Next question:  What is the difference between the value of the

proposition <math>pq\!</math> over there, at a distance <math>\operatorname{d}p</math> and <math>\operatorname{d}q,</math> and the value of the proposition <math>pq\!</math> where you are satnding, all expressed in the form of a general formula, of course?  Here is the appropriate formulation:

proposition <math>pq\!</math> over there, at a distance of <math>\operatorname{d}p</math> and <math>\operatorname{d}q,</math> and the value of the proposition <math>pq\!</math> where you are satnding, all expressed in the form of a general formula, of course?  Here is the appropriate formulation:

{| align="center" cellpadding="6" width="90%"

{| align="center" cellpadding="6" width="90%"