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, 17:52, 26 November 2008New page: thumb|right|250px| Animal pornography videos in a shop '''Animal pornography''' is a subgenre of pornography in which [[Sexually explicit material|...
[[Image:Animal porn shop front.jpg|thumb|right|250px|
Animal pornography videos in a shop]]
'''Animal pornography''' is a subgenre of [[pornography]] in which
[[Sexually explicit material|explicit]] [[sex]] between people and
animals is shown. As well as a subject in its own right, it is
sometimes used as a means to attract 'traffic' by [[spammer]]s and
owners of some fake [[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the
promise of "extreme" material as a bid for users' attention.
Commercial animal pornography can sometimes be [[animal
abuse|abusive]] or [[coercion|coercive]], and amount to forcible
[[rape]], with restraints and force visible in the final versions of
some productions. In other cases involving the filming by permission
of established human-animal sexual partnerships, no force or coercion
is involved and the act is an established mutual interest. Since
animals are very open about their [[Emotion in animals|feelings]] and
[[animal sexuality|sexuality]], the nature of the material is often
clearly visible to, and can be assessed by, an informed impartial
viewer familiar with both coercive and non-coercive material.
Pornography with animals can be illegal even in places where the act
itself is not. It can also sometimes be legal in places the act is
prohibited. Although animal pornography generally signifies
[[photograph]]s and [[video]]s of actual sexual activity, there is
also a significant quantity of sketched [[cartoon]]s and other
[[erotic art]] to be found on the same theme both historically and in
the present day, including [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] art,
as well as erotic art in which [[non-human animal sexuality]] rather
than human presence is the central theme.
==History of animal pornography==
===Pre-modern times===
:''For more on the historical and cultural context of human-animal
sexuality and erotica, see [[Historical and cultural perspectives on
zoophilia]]''
The untangling of animal pornography from its roots in erotica and
human-animal sexuality, to the modern [[subgenre]] of material whose
only function is sexual arousal, is a story that spans many hundreds
of years.
The history of media portrayal of human-animal sexuality starts with
[[cave painting]]s, moves on to the human-animal [[god]]s and
religious rites of the [[ancient world]] and [[antiquity]], diverts to
[[erotic art]] in non-[[Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic]] cultures, and
currently ends in a 21st century [[sex shop]] and the [[Internet]].
Live acts date back to antiquity, and were well known to benefit
[[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] and [[Roman]] [[brothel]]s, in terms
of profitable arousal of their patrons.
Pornography, in its present meaning, is a modern term. Historically it
blurs into [[erotica]], and further back in antiquity into the [[Greek
language|Greek]] terms ''pornos graphia'', or [[prostitute]] writings.
A wide range of cultures have created human-animal sexual scenes in
their cultural relics, from [[cave painting]]s (Northern
[[Italy|Italian]] [[Val Camonica]], circa 8000 BCE), to glazed plates
(Native [[American Indian]] plate, circa 700 AD) and through to [[19th
Century]] [[Japan]]ese [[Hokusai]] woodcuts.
In addition, cultures from [[Sweden]] ([[Sagaholm]],
[[tumulus|barrow]], [[Nordic Bronze Age]]) to [[India]] ([[Khajuraho]]
[[Hindu temple|temple complex]], 10th century) have carved explicit
scenes of human-animal sexual acts into their religious monuments, and
other cultures (notably [[Greek myth]]) have documented these within
cultural myth and legend or as part of religious rites.
For this reason, in considering where and why animal pornography
exists, and its history, it is important to recognize three points
about human-animal sexuality as well:
# Human-animal sexuality itself has changed in both cultural place,
and cultural significance over human history
# Its place and roots (as with all sexual material) go back into
mainstream culture over the centuries
# Whilst older erotica may have been used for sexual arousal as part
of a portrayal of life events<ref>Human-animal sexuality considered as
simply "one of many life events" can be seen at the [[Khajuraho]]
temples in [[India]])</ref>, the mass production of animal pornography
specifically for consumer arousal is (as with all [[mass media]] and
mass [[consumerism]]) a relatively modern feature.
===Modern times===
Prior to the advent of mass-market full-color [[pornographic
magazine|glossy magazines]] such as [[Playboy]], so-called [[Tijuana
Bible]]s were a form of pornographic tract popular in America, sold as
anonymous underground publications typically comprising a small number
of stapled comic-strips representing characters and
celebrities.<ref>An example digitized Tijuana Bible entitled ''The
Pet'' from the 1960s is linked at
[http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=0
tijuanabibles.org page link] (also see
[http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi/hzpi/u/HzSt031FT7pj.ctu7.2/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=1
full size] and [http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=SEARCH&SEARCH_SPEC=bestiality&SUBMIT_ACTION_SEARCH=Search
search]).</ref>
The potential use of media for [[Pornographic movie|pornographic
movies]] was also seen from the start of the era of [[silent film]].
''Polissons and Galipettes'' (re-released 2002 as "[[The Good Old
Naughty Days]]") is a collection of early [[France|French]] silent
films for brothel use, including some animal pornography, dating from
around [[1905]] – [[1930]]. It is the first film of its kind to
obtain a [[R18 certificate|R18]] certificate for display in [[United
Kingdom]] cinemas, despite its content, in part due to its age and
'classic' nature.
The promotion of "stars" began with the Danish [[Bodil Joensen]], in
the period of 1969-72, along with other well-known porn stars such as
the [[United States|Americans]] [[Linda Lovelace]] (''Dogarama'',
1969), and [[Chessie Moore]] (multiple films, c.1994). "Bestiality"
was a central theme in Italian adult films featuring actresses like
Denise Dior and [[Marina Hedman]], manifested early in the
(simulated<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074201/usercomments</ref>)
softcore flick ''Bestialità'' in 1976. Another early film to attain
great infamy was "[[Animal Farm (video)|Animal Farm]]", smuggled into
[[Great Britain]] without details as to makers or provenance.<ref
name="animal_farm_documentary">''The Search for Animal Farm''
(documentary, part of the [[Dark Side of Porn]] series) (April 2006,
Channel 4, UK): - ''"Investigates the story behind one of the most
infamous films in porn history, and reveals how it came to be made."''
The film was smuggled into [[Great Britain]] around 1980. No one was
quite sure where the film came from or how it was made. The Search
for Animal Farm traced the people who made the film, the impact it had
on Britain's porn industry and the woman who became known for a time
as 'the queen of bestiality.'
[http://www.channel4sales.com/programming-and-schedules/channel4-schedules.aspx?date=19-04-2006].
The film was later traced to a crude juxtaposition of smuggled cuts
from many of Bodil Joensen's 1970's Danish movies.</ref> Moving into
the 1980s, the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] took the lead, creating figures
like "Wilma" and the "Dutch Sisters".
Today, in [[Hungary]], where production faces no legal limitations,
zoosexual materials have become a substantial industry that produces
numerous films and magazines, particularly for [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
companies such as ''Topscore'' and ''Book & Film International'', and
the [[genre]] has stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]] starring in
several films). Many Hungarian (Suzy Spark, Silvi Anderson et al) and
[[Russia|Russian]] (Pantera aka Jordan Elliot, various girls filmed by
''Club Seventeen'') mainstream performers also appeared anonymously in
animal pornography in their early careers.<ref>For example:
[http://www.eurobabeindex.com/sbandoindex/suzyspark.html Suzy Spark]
(horsebang.com). Club Seventeen is a label of the Dutch pornographic
company ''[[Video Art Holland]]'', specialising in "barely legal"
teens. </ref> Best-known current performers in Europe include Andy,
Bilara, Adilia "the Sinful Lady". In [[Japan]], animal pornography is
used to bypass censorship laws, often featuring Japanese and Russian
female models performing [[fellatio]] on non-human animals, because
oral penetration of a non-human penis is not in the scope of Japanese
mosaic censor. [[Brazil]] is also a substantial producer, with many
films featuring "[[she-male]]s".
==Animal pornography and culture==
Using animal fur or [[Taxidermy|stuffed animals]] in erotic
photography (in a sense, the combination of [[necrophilia]] and
[[zoophilia]]) doesn't seem to be [[taboo]], nor do photographs of
nude models posed with animals provided no sexual stimulation is
implied to the animal. Stuffed animals are sometimes used in glamour
erotic photography with models touching their sexual organs against
such animals, and likewise models may be posed with animals or on
horseback. The subtext is often to provide a contrast: animal versus
sophisticated, raw beast versus culturally guided human. ([[Nancy
Friday]] comments on this, noting that animals as a [[sexual fantasy]]
may provide an escape from cultural expectations, restrictions, and
judgements in regard to sex.)
Materials featuring sex with animals are widely available on the
[[Internet]], however, because of their ease of production, and
because production and sale is legal in countries such as the
[[Netherlands]] and [[Denmark]].
Pornography of this sort has become the business of certain [[spam
(electronic)|spam]]mers such as [[Jeremy Jaynes]] (8th most prolific
spammer, sentenced to 9 years for spamming) and owners of some fake
[[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the promise of "extreme"
material as a bid for users' attention.
==Alternative representations==
{{main|Representations of zoosexuality in media}}
In some cases, media representations of human-animal sexual attraction
or activity have been undertaken with an alternative perspective. Even
when pornography itself is not involved, terms such as "animal porn"
are sometimes used to cover similar ideas.
One example is [http://www.avclub.com/content/node/52166 this review]
of the acclaimed 2005 film ''[[Lassie (2005 movie)|Lassie]]'', which
describes the director as providing "plenty of dog-porn shots of the
collie bounding through scenery in slow motion." A
[http://hollywood-elsewhere.com/archives/2006/08/magic_of_lassie.php
second review] of the same film on ''hollywood-elsewhere.com'' also
reaches a similar conclusion, and comments on the concept of animal
pornography:
:''"When I read the phrase "dog porn" I naturally...you know. And I
think a lot of us would like to see a Lassie movie in which Lassie's
brother Laddie develops a special relationship with Scarlett
Johansson. She could play a rich Scotsman's unfaithful wife who
develops an extraordinary bond with Laddie... I'm not suggesting a
stupid dog-porn flick, for God's sake. I'm thinking of a story that
includes genuine tenderness and vulnerability and intimacy of a very
special sort. We all know that animal eroticism is very big on the
internet and is one of the last remaining taboos, and it's just a
matter of time before the right filmmaker approaches it with taste and
discretion. I know it sounds like I'm kidding, but I'm not. Not
entirely, I mean."''
==Notable aspects in animal pornography==
===Abuse===
{{main|Zoosadism}}
Films can be abusive towards the animal and / or the person performing
in it. This is most obviously so for some smaller animals such as
birds, reptiles and fish which are occasionally used in pornography,
often leading to injury or death of the animal. But larger animals are
also abused, for example by restraining them, by [[rape]] whilst
restrained, or by being forceful in other ways.
It is a controversial issue whether sexual acts with humans and
animals is in and of itself abusive - this is more comprehensively
discussed within the article [[zoophilia]]. Anecdotally, films which
document animal abuse are not that common, many commercial films
portraying emotions closer to boredom and lack of interest than
anxiety, and showing efforts on the part of humans to create the
appearance that some form of erotic activity is occurring. However
amongst the abusive films are examples which many would find
especially disturbing, or where abuse cannot seriously be doubted:
* A self-described "extreme" pornographic [[Thailand|Thai]]
website,<ref>The site name is not given here, it being felt that the
inadvertant promotional element of naming or linking the site is not
justified by the information added to the article.</ref> which [[as of
2006]] specializes in abusive material of both humans and animals,
advertizes films in which dogs are forcibly made to [[vomit]] on
girls. To restrain the struggling animals as they [[spasm]], the dogs
are placed in rigid [[animal muzzle|muzzle]]s, through which they must
vomit (without being able to fully open their mouths), and forcibly
held in position over the girls for this activity.
* [[Color Climax Corporation]] used to film [[avisodomy]], a subject
which is often fatal to the birds concerned, as well as videos in
which restrained animals were denied the opportunity to move away from
the humans (often women) involved.
* By way of example of human abuse, in [[2004]] three African women
escaped from a warehouse in the town of [[Kraggenburg]] in the
Netherlands after they had been locked up there and forced to perform
sexual acts with dogs while being filmed. It was alleged that they
would then have been killed in a [[snuff film]] had they not escaped.
Six men from [[Belgium]] and [[Holland]] were charged.
[http://www.expatica.com/source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=48&story_id=15696&name=Animal+sex+suspects+face+up+to+14+years+jail]
* In other niche pornographic films, especially in the [[Japan]]ese
market, young girls (usually from extreme poverty families) are made
to eat animal [[excrement]]. (Normally considered as [[scatophilia]]
rather than animal pornography, however if actual animals are featured
their condition and wellbeing – as well as possible medications
intended to cause this behavior – is at question).
(interpretation -- examples -- abuse can be both of humans and of
animals, cover both)
{{sectstub}}
===Faked activity===
Some films show faked activity{{citeneeded}}. Apparently this is most
common in equine pornography where it's easier and safer<ref>See
[[zoophilia#health and safety|Zoophilia: health and safety]] for
more.</ref> with a passive partner and fake [[orgasm]] than with one
genuinely interested, since according to [[animal husbandry|animal
breeders]] guides, stallions have a strong tendency to rear and thrust
dangerously, and also to [[bite]] and [[flare]] when genuinely
aroused.<ref>Sue M. McDonnell, ''Normal and Abnormal sexual
behavior'', Stallion management, vol.8 No.1 April 1992, Table 1,
"Normal precopulatory and copulatory behavior of domestic horse
stallions": Nip or bite frequency 0-25%, Kick or strike frequency
0-10%. [http://www3.vet.upenn.edu/labs/equinebehavior/publixs/Papers/92NormalU.pdf]
(PDF) The Louisiana School of Veterinary Medicine's Stallion Breeding
guide states that "The entire collection (from a stallion) has to be a
choreographed effort by everyone involved in order to... keep everyone
safe." [http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/theriogenology-5361/stallion.htm]
By contrast of course, animal pornography participants are less likely
to be familiar with such animals than professional breeders, less
skilled at management of animals when breeding, not have as many
people to prevent untoward violent movement, and less safely
distanced. Possibly also animals in such films may be random farm
animals (hence unpredictable). Under these conditions a degree of
circumspection may arise. </ref>
===Cartoon, satire and other representations===
{{main|Cartoon pornography}}
Explicit and implied portrayals of human-animal sex are not uncommon
in some media, especially [[cartoon]] series such as [[Family Guy]]
''(episode: "[[Screwed the Pooch]]")'' and [[South Park]] ''([[South
Park#Recurring Themes|Recurring themes]])'', [[satire|satirical
comedy]] such as [[Borat]] and the [[2003]] satirical short film
''farm sluts'' which shows how the life of a man named Larry goes
downhill after being caught at work receiving animal pornography in
his e-mail <ref>
[http://www.foxsearchlight.com/lab/shorts/farmsluts/quicktime.html
Foxsearchlight.com - Short film ''farm sluts''] (free download in
quicktime format), [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0425013/ IMDB info
page on farm sluts]</ref>. It is also featured in several full-length
films, especially shock [[exploitation film]]s such as the [[1975]]
movie [[Pink Flamingos]]. This is not usually censored in the West.
More realistic representations, or those showing sexual detail,
including [[3-D modeling|computer created images]] are more likely to
engender complaint or be considered pornographic. [[Hentai]] and other
cartoon pornography that depicts sex with animals is a grey area and
may vary by culture.
===Erotic stories===
Although pornography is often thought of in terms of visual imagery,
there is also a large subgenre of erotic stories in text form. Unlike
movies, but like other textual material, animal sex stories tend to be
freely available for non-commercial purposes, since the major websites
carrying archived textual material all do so for free.<ref>Examples of
the major sex story websites include [http://www.nifty.org nifty.org]
and [http://www.asstr.org/main.html asstr.org] (text repository and
index of [[newsgroup]] [[alt.sex.stories]]), both free for private
purposes.</ref>
===Animal pornography not including humans $stub$===
(eg furry art, animal documentaries sold by specialist outlets for
sexual interest, etc)
{{sectstub}}
==Production and distribution==
Major producers of animal pornography have included companies such as
[[Color Climax Corporation]] and Petlust, the former producing
commercial and often abusive films up to and including [[avisodomy]]
(often fatal for birds), including most of the material for the
notorious underground film ''[[Animal Farm (video)|Animal Farm]]''.
In some cases (as noted above), specific series have been produced,
featuring repeat animal stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]]), or
human stars such as [[Chessie Moore]].
[[Online]] distribution of animal pornography is spread via original
suppliers, [[copyright|copyright breakers]] who repost existing
materials obtained from other sources, [[amateur pornography]] ("home
made"), private [[file sharing]] between friends, as well as via
[[Usenet]], [[Internet forum|forums]], [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC)
and [[peer to peer]] (P2P) software such as [[Kazaa]] and [[eDonkey]].
Some [[mobile phone|cell phone]] operators or legal systems restrict
pornography of all kinds, thus including animal pornography, from
being distributed via cell phones, particularly as they are hard to
supervise and children are a major market sector.<ref>Cell phones: for
example Australia
[http://www.cnet.com.au/mobilephones/phones/0,39025953,40055061,00.htm]
and Singapore [http://home.singtel.com/terms/self-regulation_code.pdf]
(PDF).</ref>
==Legal issues==
:''Other articles with legal sections: [[Obscenity]], [[Pornography]],
[[Legal status of internet pornography]], [[Zoosexuality and the
law]]''
Legality of any given pornographic material has three components:
legality of production, legality of sale and transportation, and
legality of ownership.
In general, animal pornography is legal to produce anywhere that
zoosexual activity and the creation of pornography in general are both
legal. Laws concerning sale, transmission and ownership vary more
widely.
In many countries such as [[Canada]], [[Hungary]] and the Netherlands,
such material is legal, although in some countries where zoosexual
acts are legal, zoosexual pornography is not (Belgium, Germany,
Russia). Animal pornography is governed in the United States by the
same [[Miller test]] and [[obscenity law]]s as any other form of
pornography.
Erotic art, such as animal pornography in cartoons and the like, which
does not require the recording of an actual sexual incident, are not
usually considered sex with animals by the law, and so their status
depends upon more general laws such as legal limits upon obscenity or
pornography alone, and the thin line between erotic art and
pornography. The contrasting views between cultures are highlighted by
the case of ''[[Omaha the Cat Dancer]]'', a [[furry fandom|furry]]
[[comic|comic book]], which was simultaneously the subject of a raid
by [[Toronto]] police for pornographic depiction of bestiality,<ref>As
noted, "furry", or anthropomorthic cartoon art, is not usually
considered "bestiality".</ref> and the subject of praise by the [[New
Zealand]] [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New
Zealand)|Office of Film and Literature Classification]], which found
it suitable for "all ages", for its mature depiction of relationships
and sexuality.
===List of relevant laws===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Sale and<br />distribution !! Ownership !! Relevant law<br />/ notes
|-
| [[Canada]] || Unknown || Legal ||
|-
| [[Germany]] || Illegal || Legal || §184 StGB
[http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184.html]
|-
| [[Russia]] || Undefined || Undefined || Criminal Code vaguely
prohibits "illegal" pornography (an undefined term) however known to
be ineffectual and either ignored or unenforced. In practice, there
seems no firm law nor enforcement interest, either for production or
possession, although technically pornography of all kinds is regulated
by law. However, "pornography producers trying to operate legally say
they won't go near necrophilia or bestiality". <ref>Russia: "Since
1997, the only provision in the Criminal Code regulating pornography
states that anyone convicted of "illegal" production or distribution
of pornography can be sentenced to up to two years in prison. The
language, however, implies that there are avenues for legal production
and distribution, a loophole that porn producers have used, with
varying degrees of success, to legitimize their craft... The law also
fails to define what constitutes pornography... Pornography producers
trying to operate legally say they won't go near necrophilia or
bestiality, and, under the law, a person convicted of production or
distribution of child pornography faces up to eight years in prison...
Numerous bills in recent years have been proposed in the State Duma to
clear up the ambiguities, but all have been shot down."
[http://www.moscowtimes.ru/stories/2006/07/04/003.html]</ref>
|-
| [[United States]] || As with all pornography, considered [[obscene]]
if it does not meet the standards of the [[Miller Test]] and therefore
is not openly sold, mailed, distributed or imported across state
boundaries or within states which prohibit it. Under U.S. law,
'distribution' could include transmission across the [[internet]].
However may be some doubt.<ref>U.S. prohibitions on distribution of
sexual or obscene materials are [[as of 2005]] in some doubt, having
been ruled [[Constitutionality|unconstitutional]] in ''[[United States
v. Extreme Associates]]'' (a judgement which was overturned on
[[appeal]], December 2005).</ref> || Usually legal (unless prohibited
by state law). Interstate transport or import of pornography even for
personal use is technically an offence.<ref>''[[United States v.
Extreme Associates]]'' - protection laws not equated to a zone of
personal privacy outside the house, or freedom to transport
obscenia.</ref> || various
|-
| [[United Kingdom]] || Uncertain<ref>The [[Obscene Publications
Act]]s of 1959 and 1964 criminalise the knowing publication of
material likely to "deprave and corrupt" readers. Whilst this could
apply to animal pornography, it is far from clear whether it would
apply to all acts by which animal pornography was published or made
available ("having regard to all relevant circumstances"). The legal
test is the effect on the reader and not the act itself. (Source:
[http://www.iwf.org.uk/police/page.22.38.htm])</ref>|| Legal || The
[[Home Office]] has consulted on banning images of all "violent" or
extreme acts (including animal pornography and possibly [[BDSM]]), but
as yet no law has been passed.<ref>See:
[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/08/30/pornography_possession_laws/
The Register, Aug 2006], [http://www.melonfarmers.co.uk/gch.htm
Proposal protest page] and
[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/cons-extreme-porn-3008051/
Home office official page]</ref>
|}
==Promotion of, and activism against, animal pornography==
It is reported<ref name="Hustler_2001">Quoted in "Animal Attractions",
Hustler, Sept 2001, [http://www.kapelovitz.com/animal.htm Web
version]</ref> that:
:''Surprisingly, many zoophiles join animal-rights activists in their
opposition to animal pornography because the films objectify the
critters, and mistreat the animals. "Things are done to elicit
behavior," explains [one zoophile]. "For instance, they allow a dog to
become dehydrated so he will lick almost constantly."''
==Background on sexual aspects==
Unlike some other forms of pornography, animal pornography contains
some singular questions, since other living beings (who may have less
scope to show disagreement than humans would) are involved. The jury
is still out on the extent to which human-animal sexual activity is
necessarily harmful, and indeed whilst many groups claim it always is
so, a number of academic and other sources view that this is not the
case.
Views are strongly and often emotionally divided whether human-animal
sexual contact is harmful or not for an animal. On one side, many
[[animal welfare]] groups and would-be legislators state without
reservation that all such activity is by definition abuse. On the
other hand researchers who have studied it often say that (other than
wanton sadism and ignorance) it is not. The debate is very much still
open.
Within Wikipedia, [[non-human animal sexuality]] looks at animal
sexuality, and the wide scope of animal sexual behavior in nature,
revolutionized by modern findings that most animals are sexually
[[promiscuous]] [[opportunist]]s. [[Zoophilia]] covers all aspects of
human-animal emotional bonds and sexual activity, as well as societal
and research views on it. And [[zoosadism]] explores animal sexual
abuse.
On the subject of human-animal sexuality, Masters (1962), wrote:
:"Where [[sadism]] is not present, there is considerable room for
doubt as to whether there is any cruelty. It has always been noted in
fact, by ancient historians and up through [[Alfred Kinsey|Kinsey]] in
our own time, that animals tend to become affectionately attached (not
only physically) to humans who have sex relations with them, and
sometimes have even been known to forsake intercourse with their own
kind in testimony to their preference for relations with humans.
Whatever one may think of bestiality, this does not sound as if it
were an act of cruelty so far as the animal is concerned."
:"One seems forced to conclude, the animal derives a considerable
[[psyche|psychical]] [ie mental] and/or emotional pleasure from sexual
contact with a being of a higher nervous, emotional, and intellectual
organization, who is somehow able to provide the animal with
non-material rewards which another animal is not able to offer."
One notable inquiry is that of the Swedish Animal Welfare Agency which
in 2005 reviewed human-animal sexuality and gave as its opinion that
whilst animal cruelty legislation was not sufficiently protecting
animals from abuse and needed updating, on balance it was not
appropriate to call for a ban
[http://www.thelocal.se/article.php?ID=1357].
By contrast, the [[Humane Society of the United States]] states
categorically and strongly its belief that: "Not all cases of animal
sexual abuse will involve physical injury to the animal, but all
sexual molestation of an animal by a human is abuse."
{{Derefer|1=http://www.nmanimalcontrol.com/aco_fo/sex_abuse/ }}
[[Bodil Joensen]], the first international animal pornography star,
discussed her stage performances with her male dog in a 1980
[http://fakepix.com/story/bodil-interview.html interview]:
:[He] has starred in two films. And lots of photo series. Lassie has
fucked around 25 women, and Bodil doesn't know if he has ever fucked
another dog. Problems with the society for the prevention of cruelty
to animals occured when Bodil started performing live with Lassie.
They thought Lassie suffered. "But they should have seen us working!
We performed to the song "Je t'aime" - the naughty French one. As soon
as he heard the music, Lassie stormed to the stage. He was always
ready [...] But I can't tell if the other way is cruelty. That is, a
man fucking a female animal. But I don't think so. [...] I've
experienced a lot with Lassie, and like him a lot."
==References==
<references />
==See also==
;Obscenity and pornography
*[[Obscenity]]
*[[Pornography]]
*[[Amateur pornography]]
*[[Internet pornography]]
*[[Pornographic magazine]]
*[[Pornographic movie]]
*[[List of pornographic sub-genres]]
;Art
*[[Erotic art]]
*[[Furry art]]
; Law
*[[Legal status of internet pornography]]
*[[Zoosexuality and the law]]
; Human-animal sex
*[[Human sexuality]]
*[[Zoophilia]]
*[[Historical and cultural perspectives on zoophilia]]
[[:category:Animal pornography]]
[[:category:Sex industry]]
[[:category:Sex laws]]
==NOTES ==
* Image: Hustler 1984
* Image: Thai website
Edit this page (if you have permission) | Google Docs - Web word processing, presentations and spreadsheets.
Animal pornography videos in a shop]]
'''Animal pornography''' is a subgenre of [[pornography]] in which
[[Sexually explicit material|explicit]] [[sex]] between people and
animals is shown. As well as a subject in its own right, it is
sometimes used as a means to attract 'traffic' by [[spammer]]s and
owners of some fake [[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the
promise of "extreme" material as a bid for users' attention.
Commercial animal pornography can sometimes be [[animal
abuse|abusive]] or [[coercion|coercive]], and amount to forcible
[[rape]], with restraints and force visible in the final versions of
some productions. In other cases involving the filming by permission
of established human-animal sexual partnerships, no force or coercion
is involved and the act is an established mutual interest. Since
animals are very open about their [[Emotion in animals|feelings]] and
[[animal sexuality|sexuality]], the nature of the material is often
clearly visible to, and can be assessed by, an informed impartial
viewer familiar with both coercive and non-coercive material.
Pornography with animals can be illegal even in places where the act
itself is not. It can also sometimes be legal in places the act is
prohibited. Although animal pornography generally signifies
[[photograph]]s and [[video]]s of actual sexual activity, there is
also a significant quantity of sketched [[cartoon]]s and other
[[erotic art]] to be found on the same theme both historically and in
the present day, including [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] art,
as well as erotic art in which [[non-human animal sexuality]] rather
than human presence is the central theme.
==History of animal pornography==
===Pre-modern times===
:''For more on the historical and cultural context of human-animal
sexuality and erotica, see [[Historical and cultural perspectives on
zoophilia]]''
The untangling of animal pornography from its roots in erotica and
human-animal sexuality, to the modern [[subgenre]] of material whose
only function is sexual arousal, is a story that spans many hundreds
of years.
The history of media portrayal of human-animal sexuality starts with
[[cave painting]]s, moves on to the human-animal [[god]]s and
religious rites of the [[ancient world]] and [[antiquity]], diverts to
[[erotic art]] in non-[[Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic]] cultures, and
currently ends in a 21st century [[sex shop]] and the [[Internet]].
Live acts date back to antiquity, and were well known to benefit
[[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] and [[Roman]] [[brothel]]s, in terms
of profitable arousal of their patrons.
Pornography, in its present meaning, is a modern term. Historically it
blurs into [[erotica]], and further back in antiquity into the [[Greek
language|Greek]] terms ''pornos graphia'', or [[prostitute]] writings.
A wide range of cultures have created human-animal sexual scenes in
their cultural relics, from [[cave painting]]s (Northern
[[Italy|Italian]] [[Val Camonica]], circa 8000 BCE), to glazed plates
(Native [[American Indian]] plate, circa 700 AD) and through to [[19th
Century]] [[Japan]]ese [[Hokusai]] woodcuts.
In addition, cultures from [[Sweden]] ([[Sagaholm]],
[[tumulus|barrow]], [[Nordic Bronze Age]]) to [[India]] ([[Khajuraho]]
[[Hindu temple|temple complex]], 10th century) have carved explicit
scenes of human-animal sexual acts into their religious monuments, and
other cultures (notably [[Greek myth]]) have documented these within
cultural myth and legend or as part of religious rites.
For this reason, in considering where and why animal pornography
exists, and its history, it is important to recognize three points
about human-animal sexuality as well:
# Human-animal sexuality itself has changed in both cultural place,
and cultural significance over human history
# Its place and roots (as with all sexual material) go back into
mainstream culture over the centuries
# Whilst older erotica may have been used for sexual arousal as part
of a portrayal of life events<ref>Human-animal sexuality considered as
simply "one of many life events" can be seen at the [[Khajuraho]]
temples in [[India]])</ref>, the mass production of animal pornography
specifically for consumer arousal is (as with all [[mass media]] and
mass [[consumerism]]) a relatively modern feature.
===Modern times===
Prior to the advent of mass-market full-color [[pornographic
magazine|glossy magazines]] such as [[Playboy]], so-called [[Tijuana
Bible]]s were a form of pornographic tract popular in America, sold as
anonymous underground publications typically comprising a small number
of stapled comic-strips representing characters and
celebrities.<ref>An example digitized Tijuana Bible entitled ''The
Pet'' from the 1960s is linked at
[http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=0
tijuanabibles.org page link] (also see
[http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi/hzpi/u/HzSt031FT7pj.ctu7.2/hazel.cgi?action=detail&item=TB073&fullsize=1
full size] and [http://tijuanabibles.org/cgi-bin/hazel.cgi?action=SEARCH&SEARCH_SPEC=bestiality&SUBMIT_ACTION_SEARCH=Search
search]).</ref>
The potential use of media for [[Pornographic movie|pornographic
movies]] was also seen from the start of the era of [[silent film]].
''Polissons and Galipettes'' (re-released 2002 as "[[The Good Old
Naughty Days]]") is a collection of early [[France|French]] silent
films for brothel use, including some animal pornography, dating from
around [[1905]] – [[1930]]. It is the first film of its kind to
obtain a [[R18 certificate|R18]] certificate for display in [[United
Kingdom]] cinemas, despite its content, in part due to its age and
'classic' nature.
The promotion of "stars" began with the Danish [[Bodil Joensen]], in
the period of 1969-72, along with other well-known porn stars such as
the [[United States|Americans]] [[Linda Lovelace]] (''Dogarama'',
1969), and [[Chessie Moore]] (multiple films, c.1994). "Bestiality"
was a central theme in Italian adult films featuring actresses like
Denise Dior and [[Marina Hedman]], manifested early in the
(simulated<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074201/usercomments</ref>)
softcore flick ''Bestialità'' in 1976. Another early film to attain
great infamy was "[[Animal Farm (video)|Animal Farm]]", smuggled into
[[Great Britain]] without details as to makers or provenance.<ref
name="animal_farm_documentary">''The Search for Animal Farm''
(documentary, part of the [[Dark Side of Porn]] series) (April 2006,
Channel 4, UK): - ''"Investigates the story behind one of the most
infamous films in porn history, and reveals how it came to be made."''
The film was smuggled into [[Great Britain]] around 1980. No one was
quite sure where the film came from or how it was made. The Search
for Animal Farm traced the people who made the film, the impact it had
on Britain's porn industry and the woman who became known for a time
as 'the queen of bestiality.'
[http://www.channel4sales.com/programming-and-schedules/channel4-schedules.aspx?date=19-04-2006].
The film was later traced to a crude juxtaposition of smuggled cuts
from many of Bodil Joensen's 1970's Danish movies.</ref> Moving into
the 1980s, the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] took the lead, creating figures
like "Wilma" and the "Dutch Sisters".
Today, in [[Hungary]], where production faces no legal limitations,
zoosexual materials have become a substantial industry that produces
numerous films and magazines, particularly for [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
companies such as ''Topscore'' and ''Book & Film International'', and
the [[genre]] has stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]] starring in
several films). Many Hungarian (Suzy Spark, Silvi Anderson et al) and
[[Russia|Russian]] (Pantera aka Jordan Elliot, various girls filmed by
''Club Seventeen'') mainstream performers also appeared anonymously in
animal pornography in their early careers.<ref>For example:
[http://www.eurobabeindex.com/sbandoindex/suzyspark.html Suzy Spark]
(horsebang.com). Club Seventeen is a label of the Dutch pornographic
company ''[[Video Art Holland]]'', specialising in "barely legal"
teens. </ref> Best-known current performers in Europe include Andy,
Bilara, Adilia "the Sinful Lady". In [[Japan]], animal pornography is
used to bypass censorship laws, often featuring Japanese and Russian
female models performing [[fellatio]] on non-human animals, because
oral penetration of a non-human penis is not in the scope of Japanese
mosaic censor. [[Brazil]] is also a substantial producer, with many
films featuring "[[she-male]]s".
==Animal pornography and culture==
Using animal fur or [[Taxidermy|stuffed animals]] in erotic
photography (in a sense, the combination of [[necrophilia]] and
[[zoophilia]]) doesn't seem to be [[taboo]], nor do photographs of
nude models posed with animals provided no sexual stimulation is
implied to the animal. Stuffed animals are sometimes used in glamour
erotic photography with models touching their sexual organs against
such animals, and likewise models may be posed with animals or on
horseback. The subtext is often to provide a contrast: animal versus
sophisticated, raw beast versus culturally guided human. ([[Nancy
Friday]] comments on this, noting that animals as a [[sexual fantasy]]
may provide an escape from cultural expectations, restrictions, and
judgements in regard to sex.)
Materials featuring sex with animals are widely available on the
[[Internet]], however, because of their ease of production, and
because production and sale is legal in countries such as the
[[Netherlands]] and [[Denmark]].
Pornography of this sort has become the business of certain [[spam
(electronic)|spam]]mers such as [[Jeremy Jaynes]] (8th most prolific
spammer, sentenced to 9 years for spamming) and owners of some fake
[[Thumbnail gallery post|TGP]]s, who use the promise of "extreme"
material as a bid for users' attention.
==Alternative representations==
{{main|Representations of zoosexuality in media}}
In some cases, media representations of human-animal sexual attraction
or activity have been undertaken with an alternative perspective. Even
when pornography itself is not involved, terms such as "animal porn"
are sometimes used to cover similar ideas.
One example is [http://www.avclub.com/content/node/52166 this review]
of the acclaimed 2005 film ''[[Lassie (2005 movie)|Lassie]]'', which
describes the director as providing "plenty of dog-porn shots of the
collie bounding through scenery in slow motion." A
[http://hollywood-elsewhere.com/archives/2006/08/magic_of_lassie.php
second review] of the same film on ''hollywood-elsewhere.com'' also
reaches a similar conclusion, and comments on the concept of animal
pornography:
:''"When I read the phrase "dog porn" I naturally...you know. And I
think a lot of us would like to see a Lassie movie in which Lassie's
brother Laddie develops a special relationship with Scarlett
Johansson. She could play a rich Scotsman's unfaithful wife who
develops an extraordinary bond with Laddie... I'm not suggesting a
stupid dog-porn flick, for God's sake. I'm thinking of a story that
includes genuine tenderness and vulnerability and intimacy of a very
special sort. We all know that animal eroticism is very big on the
internet and is one of the last remaining taboos, and it's just a
matter of time before the right filmmaker approaches it with taste and
discretion. I know it sounds like I'm kidding, but I'm not. Not
entirely, I mean."''
==Notable aspects in animal pornography==
===Abuse===
{{main|Zoosadism}}
Films can be abusive towards the animal and / or the person performing
in it. This is most obviously so for some smaller animals such as
birds, reptiles and fish which are occasionally used in pornography,
often leading to injury or death of the animal. But larger animals are
also abused, for example by restraining them, by [[rape]] whilst
restrained, or by being forceful in other ways.
It is a controversial issue whether sexual acts with humans and
animals is in and of itself abusive - this is more comprehensively
discussed within the article [[zoophilia]]. Anecdotally, films which
document animal abuse are not that common, many commercial films
portraying emotions closer to boredom and lack of interest than
anxiety, and showing efforts on the part of humans to create the
appearance that some form of erotic activity is occurring. However
amongst the abusive films are examples which many would find
especially disturbing, or where abuse cannot seriously be doubted:
* A self-described "extreme" pornographic [[Thailand|Thai]]
website,<ref>The site name is not given here, it being felt that the
inadvertant promotional element of naming or linking the site is not
justified by the information added to the article.</ref> which [[as of
2006]] specializes in abusive material of both humans and animals,
advertizes films in which dogs are forcibly made to [[vomit]] on
girls. To restrain the struggling animals as they [[spasm]], the dogs
are placed in rigid [[animal muzzle|muzzle]]s, through which they must
vomit (without being able to fully open their mouths), and forcibly
held in position over the girls for this activity.
* [[Color Climax Corporation]] used to film [[avisodomy]], a subject
which is often fatal to the birds concerned, as well as videos in
which restrained animals were denied the opportunity to move away from
the humans (often women) involved.
* By way of example of human abuse, in [[2004]] three African women
escaped from a warehouse in the town of [[Kraggenburg]] in the
Netherlands after they had been locked up there and forced to perform
sexual acts with dogs while being filmed. It was alleged that they
would then have been killed in a [[snuff film]] had they not escaped.
Six men from [[Belgium]] and [[Holland]] were charged.
[http://www.expatica.com/source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=48&story_id=15696&name=Animal+sex+suspects+face+up+to+14+years+jail]
* In other niche pornographic films, especially in the [[Japan]]ese
market, young girls (usually from extreme poverty families) are made
to eat animal [[excrement]]. (Normally considered as [[scatophilia]]
rather than animal pornography, however if actual animals are featured
their condition and wellbeing – as well as possible medications
intended to cause this behavior – is at question).
(interpretation -- examples -- abuse can be both of humans and of
animals, cover both)
{{sectstub}}
===Faked activity===
Some films show faked activity{{citeneeded}}. Apparently this is most
common in equine pornography where it's easier and safer<ref>See
[[zoophilia#health and safety|Zoophilia: health and safety]] for
more.</ref> with a passive partner and fake [[orgasm]] than with one
genuinely interested, since according to [[animal husbandry|animal
breeders]] guides, stallions have a strong tendency to rear and thrust
dangerously, and also to [[bite]] and [[flare]] when genuinely
aroused.<ref>Sue M. McDonnell, ''Normal and Abnormal sexual
behavior'', Stallion management, vol.8 No.1 April 1992, Table 1,
"Normal precopulatory and copulatory behavior of domestic horse
stallions": Nip or bite frequency 0-25%, Kick or strike frequency
0-10%. [http://www3.vet.upenn.edu/labs/equinebehavior/publixs/Papers/92NormalU.pdf]
(PDF) The Louisiana School of Veterinary Medicine's Stallion Breeding
guide states that "The entire collection (from a stallion) has to be a
choreographed effort by everyone involved in order to... keep everyone
safe." [http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/theriogenology-5361/stallion.htm]
By contrast of course, animal pornography participants are less likely
to be familiar with such animals than professional breeders, less
skilled at management of animals when breeding, not have as many
people to prevent untoward violent movement, and less safely
distanced. Possibly also animals in such films may be random farm
animals (hence unpredictable). Under these conditions a degree of
circumspection may arise. </ref>
===Cartoon, satire and other representations===
{{main|Cartoon pornography}}
Explicit and implied portrayals of human-animal sex are not uncommon
in some media, especially [[cartoon]] series such as [[Family Guy]]
''(episode: "[[Screwed the Pooch]]")'' and [[South Park]] ''([[South
Park#Recurring Themes|Recurring themes]])'', [[satire|satirical
comedy]] such as [[Borat]] and the [[2003]] satirical short film
''farm sluts'' which shows how the life of a man named Larry goes
downhill after being caught at work receiving animal pornography in
his e-mail <ref>
[http://www.foxsearchlight.com/lab/shorts/farmsluts/quicktime.html
Foxsearchlight.com - Short film ''farm sluts''] (free download in
quicktime format), [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0425013/ IMDB info
page on farm sluts]</ref>. It is also featured in several full-length
films, especially shock [[exploitation film]]s such as the [[1975]]
movie [[Pink Flamingos]]. This is not usually censored in the West.
More realistic representations, or those showing sexual detail,
including [[3-D modeling|computer created images]] are more likely to
engender complaint or be considered pornographic. [[Hentai]] and other
cartoon pornography that depicts sex with animals is a grey area and
may vary by culture.
===Erotic stories===
Although pornography is often thought of in terms of visual imagery,
there is also a large subgenre of erotic stories in text form. Unlike
movies, but like other textual material, animal sex stories tend to be
freely available for non-commercial purposes, since the major websites
carrying archived textual material all do so for free.<ref>Examples of
the major sex story websites include [http://www.nifty.org nifty.org]
and [http://www.asstr.org/main.html asstr.org] (text repository and
index of [[newsgroup]] [[alt.sex.stories]]), both free for private
purposes.</ref>
===Animal pornography not including humans $stub$===
(eg furry art, animal documentaries sold by specialist outlets for
sexual interest, etc)
{{sectstub}}
==Production and distribution==
Major producers of animal pornography have included companies such as
[[Color Climax Corporation]] and Petlust, the former producing
commercial and often abusive films up to and including [[avisodomy]]
(often fatal for birds), including most of the material for the
notorious underground film ''[[Animal Farm (video)|Animal Farm]]''.
In some cases (as noted above), specific series have been produced,
featuring repeat animal stars such as "Hector" (a [[Great Dane]]), or
human stars such as [[Chessie Moore]].
[[Online]] distribution of animal pornography is spread via original
suppliers, [[copyright|copyright breakers]] who repost existing
materials obtained from other sources, [[amateur pornography]] ("home
made"), private [[file sharing]] between friends, as well as via
[[Usenet]], [[Internet forum|forums]], [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC)
and [[peer to peer]] (P2P) software such as [[Kazaa]] and [[eDonkey]].
Some [[mobile phone|cell phone]] operators or legal systems restrict
pornography of all kinds, thus including animal pornography, from
being distributed via cell phones, particularly as they are hard to
supervise and children are a major market sector.<ref>Cell phones: for
example Australia
[http://www.cnet.com.au/mobilephones/phones/0,39025953,40055061,00.htm]
and Singapore [http://home.singtel.com/terms/self-regulation_code.pdf]
(PDF).</ref>
==Legal issues==
:''Other articles with legal sections: [[Obscenity]], [[Pornography]],
[[Legal status of internet pornography]], [[Zoosexuality and the
law]]''
Legality of any given pornographic material has three components:
legality of production, legality of sale and transportation, and
legality of ownership.
In general, animal pornography is legal to produce anywhere that
zoosexual activity and the creation of pornography in general are both
legal. Laws concerning sale, transmission and ownership vary more
widely.
In many countries such as [[Canada]], [[Hungary]] and the Netherlands,
such material is legal, although in some countries where zoosexual
acts are legal, zoosexual pornography is not (Belgium, Germany,
Russia). Animal pornography is governed in the United States by the
same [[Miller test]] and [[obscenity law]]s as any other form of
pornography.
Erotic art, such as animal pornography in cartoons and the like, which
does not require the recording of an actual sexual incident, are not
usually considered sex with animals by the law, and so their status
depends upon more general laws such as legal limits upon obscenity or
pornography alone, and the thin line between erotic art and
pornography. The contrasting views between cultures are highlighted by
the case of ''[[Omaha the Cat Dancer]]'', a [[furry fandom|furry]]
[[comic|comic book]], which was simultaneously the subject of a raid
by [[Toronto]] police for pornographic depiction of bestiality,<ref>As
noted, "furry", or anthropomorthic cartoon art, is not usually
considered "bestiality".</ref> and the subject of praise by the [[New
Zealand]] [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New
Zealand)|Office of Film and Literature Classification]], which found
it suitable for "all ages", for its mature depiction of relationships
and sexuality.
===List of relevant laws===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Sale and<br />distribution !! Ownership !! Relevant law<br />/ notes
|-
| [[Canada]] || Unknown || Legal ||
|-
| [[Germany]] || Illegal || Legal || §184 StGB
[http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184.html]
|-
| [[Russia]] || Undefined || Undefined || Criminal Code vaguely
prohibits "illegal" pornography (an undefined term) however known to
be ineffectual and either ignored or unenforced. In practice, there
seems no firm law nor enforcement interest, either for production or
possession, although technically pornography of all kinds is regulated
by law. However, "pornography producers trying to operate legally say
they won't go near necrophilia or bestiality". <ref>Russia: "Since
1997, the only provision in the Criminal Code regulating pornography
states that anyone convicted of "illegal" production or distribution
of pornography can be sentenced to up to two years in prison. The
language, however, implies that there are avenues for legal production
and distribution, a loophole that porn producers have used, with
varying degrees of success, to legitimize their craft... The law also
fails to define what constitutes pornography... Pornography producers
trying to operate legally say they won't go near necrophilia or
bestiality, and, under the law, a person convicted of production or
distribution of child pornography faces up to eight years in prison...
Numerous bills in recent years have been proposed in the State Duma to
clear up the ambiguities, but all have been shot down."
[http://www.moscowtimes.ru/stories/2006/07/04/003.html]</ref>
|-
| [[United States]] || As with all pornography, considered [[obscene]]
if it does not meet the standards of the [[Miller Test]] and therefore
is not openly sold, mailed, distributed or imported across state
boundaries or within states which prohibit it. Under U.S. law,
'distribution' could include transmission across the [[internet]].
However may be some doubt.<ref>U.S. prohibitions on distribution of
sexual or obscene materials are [[as of 2005]] in some doubt, having
been ruled [[Constitutionality|unconstitutional]] in ''[[United States
v. Extreme Associates]]'' (a judgement which was overturned on
[[appeal]], December 2005).</ref> || Usually legal (unless prohibited
by state law). Interstate transport or import of pornography even for
personal use is technically an offence.<ref>''[[United States v.
Extreme Associates]]'' - protection laws not equated to a zone of
personal privacy outside the house, or freedom to transport
obscenia.</ref> || various
|-
| [[United Kingdom]] || Uncertain<ref>The [[Obscene Publications
Act]]s of 1959 and 1964 criminalise the knowing publication of
material likely to "deprave and corrupt" readers. Whilst this could
apply to animal pornography, it is far from clear whether it would
apply to all acts by which animal pornography was published or made
available ("having regard to all relevant circumstances"). The legal
test is the effect on the reader and not the act itself. (Source:
[http://www.iwf.org.uk/police/page.22.38.htm])</ref>|| Legal || The
[[Home Office]] has consulted on banning images of all "violent" or
extreme acts (including animal pornography and possibly [[BDSM]]), but
as yet no law has been passed.<ref>See:
[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/08/30/pornography_possession_laws/
The Register, Aug 2006], [http://www.melonfarmers.co.uk/gch.htm
Proposal protest page] and
[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/cons-extreme-porn-3008051/
Home office official page]</ref>
|}
==Promotion of, and activism against, animal pornography==
It is reported<ref name="Hustler_2001">Quoted in "Animal Attractions",
Hustler, Sept 2001, [http://www.kapelovitz.com/animal.htm Web
version]</ref> that:
:''Surprisingly, many zoophiles join animal-rights activists in their
opposition to animal pornography because the films objectify the
critters, and mistreat the animals. "Things are done to elicit
behavior," explains [one zoophile]. "For instance, they allow a dog to
become dehydrated so he will lick almost constantly."''
==Background on sexual aspects==
Unlike some other forms of pornography, animal pornography contains
some singular questions, since other living beings (who may have less
scope to show disagreement than humans would) are involved. The jury
is still out on the extent to which human-animal sexual activity is
necessarily harmful, and indeed whilst many groups claim it always is
so, a number of academic and other sources view that this is not the
case.
Views are strongly and often emotionally divided whether human-animal
sexual contact is harmful or not for an animal. On one side, many
[[animal welfare]] groups and would-be legislators state without
reservation that all such activity is by definition abuse. On the
other hand researchers who have studied it often say that (other than
wanton sadism and ignorance) it is not. The debate is very much still
open.
Within Wikipedia, [[non-human animal sexuality]] looks at animal
sexuality, and the wide scope of animal sexual behavior in nature,
revolutionized by modern findings that most animals are sexually
[[promiscuous]] [[opportunist]]s. [[Zoophilia]] covers all aspects of
human-animal emotional bonds and sexual activity, as well as societal
and research views on it. And [[zoosadism]] explores animal sexual
abuse.
On the subject of human-animal sexuality, Masters (1962), wrote:
:"Where [[sadism]] is not present, there is considerable room for
doubt as to whether there is any cruelty. It has always been noted in
fact, by ancient historians and up through [[Alfred Kinsey|Kinsey]] in
our own time, that animals tend to become affectionately attached (not
only physically) to humans who have sex relations with them, and
sometimes have even been known to forsake intercourse with their own
kind in testimony to their preference for relations with humans.
Whatever one may think of bestiality, this does not sound as if it
were an act of cruelty so far as the animal is concerned."
:"One seems forced to conclude, the animal derives a considerable
[[psyche|psychical]] [ie mental] and/or emotional pleasure from sexual
contact with a being of a higher nervous, emotional, and intellectual
organization, who is somehow able to provide the animal with
non-material rewards which another animal is not able to offer."
One notable inquiry is that of the Swedish Animal Welfare Agency which
in 2005 reviewed human-animal sexuality and gave as its opinion that
whilst animal cruelty legislation was not sufficiently protecting
animals from abuse and needed updating, on balance it was not
appropriate to call for a ban
[http://www.thelocal.se/article.php?ID=1357].
By contrast, the [[Humane Society of the United States]] states
categorically and strongly its belief that: "Not all cases of animal
sexual abuse will involve physical injury to the animal, but all
sexual molestation of an animal by a human is abuse."
{{Derefer|1=http://www.nmanimalcontrol.com/aco_fo/sex_abuse/ }}
[[Bodil Joensen]], the first international animal pornography star,
discussed her stage performances with her male dog in a 1980
[http://fakepix.com/story/bodil-interview.html interview]:
:[He] has starred in two films. And lots of photo series. Lassie has
fucked around 25 women, and Bodil doesn't know if he has ever fucked
another dog. Problems with the society for the prevention of cruelty
to animals occured when Bodil started performing live with Lassie.
They thought Lassie suffered. "But they should have seen us working!
We performed to the song "Je t'aime" - the naughty French one. As soon
as he heard the music, Lassie stormed to the stage. He was always
ready [...] But I can't tell if the other way is cruelty. That is, a
man fucking a female animal. But I don't think so. [...] I've
experienced a lot with Lassie, and like him a lot."
==References==
<references />
==See also==
;Obscenity and pornography
*[[Obscenity]]
*[[Pornography]]
*[[Amateur pornography]]
*[[Internet pornography]]
*[[Pornographic magazine]]
*[[Pornographic movie]]
*[[List of pornographic sub-genres]]
;Art
*[[Erotic art]]
*[[Furry art]]
; Law
*[[Legal status of internet pornography]]
*[[Zoosexuality and the law]]
; Human-animal sex
*[[Human sexuality]]
*[[Zoophilia]]
*[[Historical and cultural perspectives on zoophilia]]
[[:category:Animal pornography]]
[[:category:Sex industry]]
[[:category:Sex laws]]
==NOTES ==
* Image: Hustler 1984
* Image: Thai website
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