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'''Scholasticism''' was the dominant form of theology and philosophy in the [[Western Europe|Latin West]] in the [[Middle Ages]], particularly in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries.  It was both a method and a system which aimed to reconcile the [[Christian theology]] of the [[Church Fathers]] with the [[Greek philosophy]] of [[Aristotle]] and his commentators.   

'''Scholasticism''' was the dominant form of theology and philosophy in the [[Western Europe|Latin West]] in the [[Middle Ages]], particularly in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries.  It was both a method and a system which aimed to reconcile the [[Christian theology]] of the [[Church Fathers]] with the [[Greek philosophy]] of [[Aristotle]] and his commentators.   

The main figures of scholasticism were [[Peter Abelard]], [[Albertus Magnus]], [[Duns Scotus]], [[William of Ockham]], [[Bonaventure]] and, above all, [[Thomas Aquinas]], whose [[Summa Theologiae]] is an ambitious synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine.  In the [[Renaissance]], the deductive and ''a priori'' methods of scholasticism were superseded by the [[inductive reasoning]] of modern science, while its theological basis was challenged by [[humanism]].

The main figures of scholasticism were [[Peter Abelard]], [[Albert the Great]], [[Duns Scotus]], [[William of Ockham]], [[Bonaventura]] and, above all, [[Thomas Aquinas]], whose [[Summa Theologiae]] is an ambitious synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine.  In the [[Renaissance]], the deductive and ''a priori'' methods of scholasticism were superseded by the [[inductive reasoning]] of modern science, while its theological basis was challenged by [[humanism]].

The word ''Scholasticism'' is derived from the [[Latin]] word ''{{lang|la|scholasticus}}'', the Latinized form of the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{Polytonic|σχολαστικός}} (''{{lang|grc-Latn|scholastikos}}''), an adjective derived from {{Polytonic|σχολή}} '' ({{lang|grc-Latn|scholē}}''), "[[school]]".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=school Online Etymology Dictionary]; [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23101960 H.G. Liddell & R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon]</ref>

The word ''Scholasticism'' is derived from the [[Latin]] word ''{{lang|la|scholasticus}}'', the Latinized form of the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{Polytonic|σχολαστικός}} (''{{lang|grc-Latn|scholastikos}}''), an adjective derived from {{Polytonic|σχολή}} '' ({{lang|grc-Latn|scholē}}''), "[[school]]".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=school Online Etymology Dictionary]; [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23101960 H.G. Liddell & R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon]</ref>