Changes

===DET.  Determination===

===DET.  Determination===

====DET.  Note 1====

====1.  Leibniz====

<pre>

<blockquote>

| Now that I have proved sufficiently that everything

<p>Now that I have proved sufficiently that everything comes to pass according to determinate reasons, there cannot be any more difficulty over these principles of God's foreknowledge.  Although these determinations do not compel, they cannot but be certain, and they foreshadow what shall happen.</p>

| comes to pass according to determinate reasons, there

 

| cannot be any more difficulty over these principles

<p>It is true that God sees all at once the whole sequence of this universe, when he chooses it, and that thus he has no need of the connexion of effects and causes in order to foresee these effects.  But since his wisdom causes him to choose a sequence in perfect connexion, he cannot but see one part of the sequence in the other.</p>

| of God's foreknowledge.  Although these determinations

 

| do not compel, they cannot but be certain, and they

<p>It is one of the rules of my system of general harmony, ''that the present is big with the future'', and that he who sees all sees in that which is that which shall be.</p>

| foreshadow what shall happen.

 

<p>What is more, I have proved conclusively that God sees in each portion of the universe the whole universe, owing to the perfect connexion of things.  He is infinitely more discerning than Pythagoras, who judged the height of Hercules by the size of his footprint.  There must therefore be no doubt that effects follow their causes determinately, in spite of contingency and even of freedom, which nevertheless exist together with certainty or determination.</p>

| It is true that God sees all at once the whole sequence

 

| of this universe, when he chooses it, and that thus he

<p>Gottfried Wilhelm (Freiherr von) Leibniz, ''Theodicy : Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man, and the Origin of Evil'', Edited with an Introduction by Austin Farrer, Translated by E.M. Huggard from C.J. Gerhardt's Edition of the ''Collected Philosophical Works'', 1875&ndash;1890.  Routledge 1951.  Open Court 1985. Paragraph 360, page 341.</p>

| has no need of the connexion of effects and causes in

| order to foresee these effects.  But since his wisdom

| causes him to choose a sequence in perfect connexion,

| he cannot but see one part of the sequence in the other.

| It is one of the rules of my system of general harmony,

| 'that the present is big with the future', and that he

| who sees all sees in that which is that which shall be.

| What is more, I have proved conclusively that God sees in

| each portion of the universe the whole universe, owing to

| the perfect connexion of things.  He is infinitely more

| discerning than Pythagoras, who judged the height of

| Hercules by the size of his footprint.  There must

| therefore be no doubt that effects follow their

| causes determinately, in spite of contingency

| and even of freedom, which nevertheless exist

| together with certainty or determination.

| Gottfried Wilhelm (Freiherr von) Leibniz,

|'Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God,

| the Freedom of Man, and the Origin of Evil',

| Edited with an Introduction by Austin Farrer,

| Translated by E.M. Huggard from C.J. Gerhardt's

| Edition of the 'Collected Philosophical Works',

| 1875-1890.  Routledge 1951.  Open Court 1985.

| Paragraph 360, page 341.

</pre>

====DET.  Note 2====

====DET.  Note 2====