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, 14:55, 21 May 2008Cosmetic surgery, which is sometimes known as plastic surgery is a craze that has been sweeping the nation—and the world—for many years. There are both advantages and disadvantages to cosmetic surgery
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== Is Plastic Surgery Right for You? ==
Cosmetic surgery, which is sometimes known as plastic surgery is a craze that has been sweeping the nation—and the world—for many years. There are both advantages and disadvantages to cosmetic surgery, which you must consider carefully before deciding if it is right for you. Cosmetic surgery can be very successful, but it is not for everyone. Is cosmetic surgery right for you? That is a question that only you, along with a medical professional, can answer.
First, consider the reasons why you are getting cosmetic surgery. In most cases, the main reason simple is to look better, hence the name cosmetic surgery. Many people think that the term plastic surgery implies that you are fake and somehow made of plastic. However, the term really comes from the Greek word meaning to reshape, and it have no connection to the word plastic that means the material. That said, some people believe that plastic surgery gives you an unnatural appearance. This can be true or false, depending on the surgery being done. Plastic surgery can also help to clear up other health problems as well, although this is not as common.
If you are considering plastic surgery for cosmetic reasons, you should first consider how severe your specific problems are. Do you feel embarrassed to interact with other people? Is your appearance causing you to avoid social situations? In these cases, plastic surgery should be able to help you. However, if you are simply worried about small things that have little effect on your daily life, like a bump on your nose, you may be able to save money and not put your health at risk by learning to accept the bump and live with it. On the other hand, if you were in a major accident and your face was disfigured, you might not want to leave your house unless you go through with plastic surgery. Think about the process carefully before deciding. This is different for every person, but consider your options wisely.
Money is another thing you should consider. Most types of plastic surgery are not covered by insurance, which means that you’ll have to pay for them out of pocket. In some cases, some of the costs may be covered, but you will usually have to pay thousands of dollars out of pocket for plastic surgery. If this isn’t possible for you, plastic surgery may not be the answer.
Finally, it is important to talk to your doctor about the health risks involved. For example, with breast implants, you run the risk of infection or your body rejecting the foreign object and attacking it. This can happen with any kind of plastic surgery where you use inorganic material to improve the shape of your body. If you are truly interested in plastic surgery, it is important to learn about all of the risks before you go through with the procedure.
== Is Abdominoplasty the Answer? ==
Cosmetic surgery is very popular in the United States to help a person improve his or her looks. One type of procedure you can get is the abdominoplasty. This cosmetic surgery is also known as a tummy tuck and works by removing excess fat and skin around the abdomen in order to tighten the muscles in this area. Women are most commonly the patients for this kind of surgery, and it is usually recommended only when diet and exercise do not work. It can also be used in some cases to remove excess skin, which is common around the abdomen in the case of a huge weight loss.
There are a number of different ways to go about this procedure. First, with a complete abdominoplasty, the doctor makes an incision completely across the lower abdomen, cuts around the navel, and detaches the skin for the abdominal wall. Your muscles are then tightened and excess skin is removed. A new hole is cute for the navel, and your skin is basically stitched back in place to heal. This can turn into an extended abdominoplasty, which is when the same procedure is done and then repeated on the thighs or back.
You can also combine abdominoplasty with liposuction, which removes fatty deposits in the body. This is very common. If you’ve already lost the weight, another choice is a partial abdominoplasty, which removes the excess apron of skin you have from when you were larger.
Before deciding to go with this procedure, realize that recover takes anywhere from two to four weeks, and much of that time you should not go in to work. You should also not do any kind of exercising or heavily lifting until you are healed, and smoking is not advised, because it creates a high risk for complications. Also, you should consider the high cost of tummy tucks. In the United States, partial procedures start at about $4,000, with full procedures costing even more. This does not take into account the prescriptions and follow up care you may need. The cost rises as you near larger cities like Los Angeles and New York, and if you want a surgeon at the head of this field, you can pay as much as $20,000 for this kind of a procedure. It’s not recommended for everyone, but you may be able to get some real results. If you are interested in an abdominoplasty, talk to a health care provider today.
== Cosmetic Surgery for a Cleft Lip and Palate ==
One of the most saddening congenital deformities affecting children all over the world is the clef lip and palate. Thanks to modern technology, we can now fix these problems with cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, but in third world countries, many children still go without this kind of help. A cleft is a separation in the body’s natural structure, and is caused on the face during gestation. A cleft lip and palate occur in about one in 600 to 800 births and are also called hare lip.
There are three different types of cleft lip. The unilateral incomplete cleft lip looks like a dent in the upper lip that does not reach the nose. It is also sometimes called a partial or incomplete cleft. If the dent reaches one nostril the cleft lip is known as a unilateral complete cleft. If it reaches to both nostrils, it is known as a bilateral complete cleft lip. If this does not extend into the mouth, cosmetic surgery is what is needed to fix the condition.
A cleft palate is a bit more of a serious condition. In this case, the two plates that form the skill in the hard palate, or roof of the mouth, do not completely join. Again, there are three kinds of cleft palates. The incomplete cleft palate is only a problem within the mouth and does not reach the nose. The complete lip and palate clefs reach the nostrils and are either unilateral (reaching one nostril) or bilateral (both nostrils). If this occurs, a combination of surgeries is needed to fix the problem. Usually, surgery can be done immediately after birth, but most doctors prefer to wait until the baby is ten weeks old so that he or she has time to recover from the birthing process itself.
Cleft lips and palates form due to both genetic and environmental factors. They are most prevalent in Asian, Latino, and Native American races, but can affect any child. Cosmetic surgery can really help these babies. Not only will it form a more normal-looking face, but it will also help with the various speech problems a child will have if trying to learn to speak with a cleft lip and palate.
If your baby has a clef lip or palate, you should talk to your doctor about the options available to you. In most cases, this surgery can be covered by your medical insurance, and it is definitely a good idea to help your child. Many successful people were born with cleft lips and palates, so surgery can really help.
== Choosing your Cosmetic Surgeon ==
You wouldn’t let just anyone repair a burst appendix, do a heart transplant, or operate on your brain; don’t let just anyone be your cosmetic surgeon either. Although a nose job or tummy tuck may be a bit less complicated than brain surgery, it is still surgery and there still is the very real possibility that you could die on the operating table. You can be rest assured that this is very rare, but it is much more likely if you don’t work with a complete professional. More common are botched surgeries where you come out looking worse than when you went it. The bottom line is that you are paying a lot of money and putting your health in the hands of a stranger. It is important to take some time to pick the right person for the job.
Before you even begin to think about scheduling consultations, you should visit surgeons’ websites and talk to other patients. If you know friends who have had surgery by a certain doctor, ask what was good and what was bad about the process with that particular doctor. A website can give you a doctor’s bio as well as before and after shots. You should narrow down your list to three or four people who are highly qualified, with a top choices, a second pick, and one or two to be left on your list in case your first two choices do not work out.
Next, you should ask for a consultation. Almost all doctors charge a consultation fee of around $100, but most only ask for this single fee even if you come back with more questions later. If you use that doctor, some apply the consultation fee to the total fee of the procedure. Every doctor is different.
Even if you love the first doctor you visit, you should ask for a second opinion, especially if you’ve never had plastic surgery before. Plastic surgeons are like artists, and each will try to give you the look you want. You may think you love the first doctor…until you see someone else’s ideas! If your top two choices are highly qualified, you can avoid more consultation fees by choosing between them. If neither suits your needs, you can see more doctors. Remember, don’t settle for a doctor unless he or she is exactly what you want. You have to live with how you look after the surgery, so choose the perfect doctor to avoid anything going wrong with the process.
== All Eyes on You: Blepharoplasty ==
Blepharoplasty is commonly known as eyelid surgery and is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries in the United States. This procedures help to remove excess fat, tissue, and skin from around the upper and lower eyelids to correct the drooping and puffiness that can make you look older. Contrary to popular belief, it will not remove wrinkles like crow’s feet, lift your brows, or correct dark circles. Eyelid surgery also will not make you look like another heritage, so it can be used to correct Asian eyes but will not remove evidence that a person is Asian. Usually, eyelid surgery is done in conjunction with other surgeries, like face lifts and brow lifts.
Like all other forms of cosmetic surgery, there are risks involved with eyelid surgery. The most common side effects include blurred vision for a few days and temporary swelling. However, the real dangers come with the risk of complications during the surgery with the anesthesia or after the surgery with infection. While major problems are rare, you should still talk to your cosmetic surgeon to make sure that you understand these risks before you choose to have this surgery preformed.
Before your surgery, you will have at least one or two consultations with the doctor. He or she will discuss with you how the surgery will work and what results you can expect. In most cases, you will be able to see a digitally enhanced picture of yourself after the surgery so that you and your doctor can be on the same page as to what you want. Before the surgery, you will also be given direction about what you can eat and drink the day of your surgery, and you should also be prepared with a driver to take you home after the surgery and to help you for a few days while your vision may still be blurry.
The first step of your surgery is to receive anesthesia, and you and your doctor can choose whether to have local or general. The surgery itself will most likely be done in the doctor’s surgical suite, but you can also have it done at a hospital if you’d like. It will take one to four hours, depending on your specific needs. The cosmetic surgeon will start by making tiny cuts around your eyes to separate the skin for the fat underneath. Excess substance will be removed and the incisions will then be carefully closed. Your eyelids may feel tight and sore afterwards, but in a few days, you should feel a lot better and the results are fantastic.
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<table width="800" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center"><img src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtop.gif" width="800" height="45" align="middle"></td></tr><tr><td background="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backmid.gif" valign="top"><table width="600" border="0" align="center"><tr><td><a name="top"><center>Your search has been for: <b><div id="hlight">Cosmetic Surgery site:.gov</div></b></center><br>Jump to: <br><a href="#overview"><b>Key Topics</b></a> || <a href="#append"><b>Possibly Useful</b></a> || <a href="#sources"><b>Selected Sources</b></a> || <a href="#advanced"><b>Dig Deeper</b></a><br><br><br><a name="overview"></a><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('overv'); return false;" title="Pertinent Info, most relevant to your research."><b><div id="hlight">KEY TOPICS<image src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/images/apx4.jpg" alt="Pertinent Info, most relevant to your research."></a></div></b><br><div id="overv"><b>Section Contents:</b><br><a name="top"></a><ul><li>According to the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery in Chicago, nearly 170,000 Americans, men and women, underwent laser resurfacing of the face in 1998, up from 138,891 in 1996--a 64 percent increase.<a href="#hdng0">(More...)</a><br><br></li><li>Whether it is cosmetic or reconstructive, all surgery carries uncertainty and risk.<a href="#hdng1">(More...)</a><br><br></li></ul></ul><br><br><a name="hdng0"></a><b><i>According to the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery in Chicago, nearly 170,000 Americans, men and women, underwent laser resurfacing of the face in 1998, up from 138,891 in 1996--a 64 percent increase.</i></b> That's nearly twice the number of the more traditional surgical facelifts performed in the same year. <a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>Psychological Aspects of Plastic Surgery (Copyright " ASPS) <a href="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/public_education/procedures/psychological_aspects.cfm">Psychological Aspects of Plastic Surgery opnbrktCopyright �� ASPSclsbrkt</a> - This concise publication will provide information on proper and improper candidates for cosmetic surgery, plastic surgery for children, timing your surgery, adjusting to the change, coping with post-operative depression as well as handling critics.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Cosmetic surgery: What to know beforehand (Copyright " MFMER) <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cosmetic-surgery/SN00006">Cosmetic surgery: What to know beforehand opnbrktCopyright �� MFMERclsbrkt</a> - This publication provides information on whether or not cosmetic surgery is right for you. It explains what the risks are, how to find a qualified surgeon, and what to expect from the consultation.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> <br><br>Getting cosmetic surgery can make BDD worse. They are often not happy with the outcome of the surgery. If they are, they may start to focus attention on another body area and become preoccupied trying to fix the new "defect." Some patients with BDD become angry at the surgeon for making their appearance worse and may even become violent towards the surgeon.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> <br><br>Infection with rapidly growing, nontuberculous mycobacteria should be considered in patients who have undergone cosmetic surgery procedures in DR and who subsequently have surgical-site infections that fail to respond to standard therapy.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> In April 2004, CDC received reports of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria in patients who had undergone cosmetic surgery procedures in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (DR).<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> Rapidly growing mycobacteria have been associated with postoperative infections in patients undergoing cosmetic surgery procedures ( 1 1, 2 2 ).<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> Cases of mycobacterial subcutaneous infections after cosmetic surgery procedures undergone since May 2003 in DR should be reported through state and local health departments to CDC, telephone 800-893-0485.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> <br><br>Cosmetic surgery has become a growth industry and a public obsession. The demand for the top three procedures in the United States grew by 26% between 1999 and 2000, and this growth is mirrored in the United Kingdom. 1 1 The public perception of cosmetic surgery is that it is quick and easy.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> Rohrich R. The increasing popularity of cosmetic surgery procedures: a look at statistics in plastic surgery.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> The suggestion that surgeons already practising cosmetic surgery should be allowed to continue was strongly opposed by the profession as it would permit surgeons who are unqualified to remain in practice possibly for decades. Despite these representations the Department of Health has now brought forward muted proposals, which demand only that surgeons be medically qualified and have attended some postgraduate courses.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> <br><br>To learn more about cosmetic surgery, visit the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.<a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[5]</sup></a> <br><br>As we understand from the materials you have provided, PSAC has been formed as a for-profit corporation under the Connecticut Limited Liability Company Act to contract with HMOs, employers, primary care IPAs, PHOs and other payers to provide plastic and reconstructive surgery, cosmetic surgery, maxillofacial surgery, surgery of the hand, microsurgery, burn and cancer surgery, and surgery to correct congenital abnormalities.<a href="http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[6]</sup></a> <br><br>Nose surgery is considered "elective" when it is done for purely cosmetic purposes. In these cases, the purpose is to change the shape of the nose to one that the patient finds more desirable.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> Many surgeons prefer not to perform cosmetic nose surgery until the growth of the nasal bone is completed (around 14 or 15 for girls, a bit later for boys).<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> In science fiction films the characters vaporized by a laser simply disappear. Patients opting for cosmetic laser surgery, however, suffer a less severe fate: Only their wrinkles and other skin imperfections disappear. In recent years, lasers have shed their science fictional image to become a surgeon's and dermatologist's most promising weapon in the fight against aging skin.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>Make sure that the doctor is trained and qualified in cosmetic skin surgery of the face.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> Botox injections are the fastest-growing cosmetic procedure in the industry, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS).<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> <br><br>What You Should Know About the Safety of Outpatient Plastic Surgery (Copyright " ASPS) <a href="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/patients_consumers/ps_faqs/FAQ-What-You-Should-Know-About-the-Safety-of-Outpatient-Plastic-Surgery.cfm">What You Should Know About the Safety of Outpatient Plastic Surgery opnbrktCopyright �� ASPSclsbrkt </a> - This fact sheet provides information on what plastic surgery is, what the difference between cosmetic and reconstructive surgery is, how to learn if your surgeon has the appropriate credentials, how to learn about the facility's safety standards, and what other safety issues you should consider before having plastic surgery.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Standards in cosmetic clinics vary, but the clinics often send a representative to the home of the patient in response to a reply to an advertisement. These representatives are not medically qualified but recommend operations and book dates for surgery, often offering discounts if the patient signs immediately.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> In the study, Persing and his colleagues surveyed 42 cosmetic plastic surgery patients who were seeking plastic surgery for the first time at the Yale Plastic Surgery Clinic.<a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[5]</sup></a> <br><br><a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a><br><br><a name="hdng1"></a><b><i>Whether it is cosmetic or reconstructive, all surgery carries uncertainty and risk.</i></b> <a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[9]</sup></a> With the growing popularity of plastic surgery, and the increase in number of physicians performing cosmetic procedures every year, it's important you understand the credentials of the person you choose to be your plastic surgeon.<a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[9]</sup></a> Plastic surgery has made extraordinary advances both in cosmetic procedures (helping erase the marks, wrinkles and sags of encroaching age) and reconstructive procedures (correcting a deformity or burn surgery) in recent years.<a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[9]</sup></a> <br><br><a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a></div><br><a name="append"></a><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('apx'); return false;" title="Additional Info, less pertinent but still might be useful in your research."><b><div id="hlight">POSSIBLY USEFUL<image src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/images/apx4.jpg" alt="Additional Info, less pertinent but still might be useful in your research."></a></div></b><br><div id="apx"><b>Section Contents:</b><br><a name="top"></a><ul><li>The patient may feel depressed following surgery, but day by day the nose will look better.<a href="#hdng2">(More...)</a><br><br></li><br><br><a name="hdng2"></a><b><i>The patient may feel depressed following surgery, but day by day the nose will look better.</i></b> <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> The patient might experience some unexpected reactions from family and friends. They may act resentful, especially if something they view as a family or ethnic trait is altered. The patient should keep in mind the reasons for the nasal correction, and if these have been reached, then the surgery is a success.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> The patient will usually be lightly sedated, but awake during the surgery -- relaxed and insensitive to pain.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> Within 2 days, most patients are up and about, and able to return to school or non-strenuous work within about a week following surgery.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> <br><br>A splint (metal or plastic) will be applied externally to maintain the newly shaped bony structure when the surgery is complete.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> Immediately following surgery, the nose and face will be swollen and painful.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> <br><br>Credentialing is a state function, since states are responsible for the licensing of doctors and nurses, and standards for laser training vary from state to state. That's bad news for patients like Jones. Two years after her procedure, she has spent nearly $70,000 for both the initial surgery and subsequent consultations and corrective surgeries to remove the scarring. She says she has partially reclaimed her life. She bitterly regrets undergoing the initial surgery.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Says Anderson, the best people to work with lasers on skin conditions are the professionals who best understand skin and surgery of the skin: dermatologists and plastic surgeons.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Alster, on the other hand, believes that in the hands of a very experienced surgeon, people with darker skin tones, although not ideal candidates, can benefit from surgery.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Alster warns that anyone not mentally prepared for resurfacing or who expects instant results is not a good candidate. "This is not easy in-easy out surgery," she says. "Potential patients have to realize that there will be bruising and swelling and they will be holed up in the house for seven to 10 days," she says. "They will have a crusty, oozy, bruised, scabbed, raw-appearing face." They should not expect unflawed skin. "I can't deliver that," she says.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Laser resurfacing can often make patients look 10 to 20 years younger, and the results can last for eight to 10 years, says Tina Alster, M.D., director of the Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery in the nation's capital. She warns that after surgery, patients must avoid sunbathing and destroying their skin again.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> New, more youthful collagen actually forms after laser treatment, says A. Jay Burns, M.D., partner in the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute and assistant professor of plastic surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> "Consumers ask more questions of auto mechanics," says Alster. "This is surgery and with it comes inherent risks and complications.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>"Lasers really are magic bullets. They can do things deep in the skin without trashing anything else. It's not like surgery where the tools are not microscopically specific."<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> "Then that person should go where the surgery is performed and watch a skilled surgeon use the equipment."<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>The next step is crucial: asking the right questions. Alster advises asking where the doctor has trained and if he or she owns or rents the equipment--those who own have likely made a commitment to training and to laser surgery.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Even dentists, obstetricians, gynecologists, and family doctors are now offering laser surgery, says Alster.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>Many skin conditions respond well to laser surgery, including red vascular lesions such as spider veins on the face, hemangiomas, and birthmarks such as port wine stains, says Rox Anderson, M.D., director of the Laser Center at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Lasers also are useful for scars, warts, excessive eye folds, tattoos, and hair removal, along with such conditions as rosacea, brown age spots, and the brown and blue pigmented facial lesions common to Asian skin.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>More popular than breast enhancement surgery and a potential blockbuster, Botox is regarded by some as the ultimate fountain of youth. Schwallenberg, a pharmaceutical sales representative who is excited about her next round of injections, says she wants to look her best for her job. "That's corporate America for you," she says.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> Plastic surgery events known as Botox parties--also seminars, evenings and socials--are a key element of Botox marketing in much of the United States.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> While the effects of Botox Cosmetic don't last, still, people don't seem to mind repeating the procedure every four to six months in order to maintain a wrinkle-free look.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> The FDA recommends that Botox Cosmetic be injected no more frequently than once every three months, and that the lowest effective dose should be used.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox Cosmetic) is a protein complex produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which contains the same toxin that causes food poisoning.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> <br><br>Botox Cosmetic: A Look at Looking Good <a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html">Botox Cosmetic: A Look at Looking Good</a> - This on-line publication illustrates how botox works, explains the recommendations of the FDA, and provides a list of what to look for if considering botox injections.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Consumer Information (Copyright " ASDS) <a href="http://www.asds-net.org/consumerinformation.aspx">Consumer Information opnbrktCopyright �� ASDSclsbrkt</a> - This section of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery"s web site provides information for the public about different types of dermatologic surgery and patient safety.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Do's and don"ts for liposuction (Copyright " ASDS) <a href="http://www.asds-net.org/DosAndDontsLiposuction.aspx">Do's and don���ts for liposuction opnbrktCopyright �� ASDSclsbrkt</a> - In this fact sheet the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery offers some tips to ensure a positive result from tumescent liposuction.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Is the doctor board certified? With which board? The doctor should be certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> <br><br>If you are seeking surgery with the hope of influencing a change in someone other than yourself, you might end up disappointed.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Symptoms of infection began a median of 5 weeks after surgery (range: 1--20 weeks) and included subcutaneous or deep-tissue abscesses requiring incision, drainage, and antibiotic therapy in all patients; nine patients were hospitalized.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> <br><br>Klassen A, Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, Goodacre T. Patient's health related quality of life before and after aesthetic surgery.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> The national commission monitoring standards of care intends to control the worst excesses of the cosmetic clinics and to ensure that there is an even standard of care across the private sector, whether treatment is provided by consultant surgeons or in clinics.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> Unfortunately the royal colleges do not have a mechanism to assess the standards of unaccredited cosmetic surgeons who are currently practising.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> <br><a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a><br></div><br><br><a name="sources"><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('srcs'); return false;" title="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report."><b><div id="hlight">SELECTED SOURCES<image src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/images/apx4.jpg" alt="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report."></a></div></b><br><div id="srcs"><br><br>1. <a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank">Cosmetic Laser Surgery: A High-Tech Weapon in the Fight Against Aging Skin</a><br><a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html</a><br><br>2. <a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank">Body Image: Loving Yourself Inside and Out - Cosmetic Surgery</a><br><a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/</a><br><br>3. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank">Brief Report: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Cosmetic Surgery Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 2003--2004</a><br><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm</a><br><br>4. <a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank">Regulating cosmetic surgery</a><br><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202</a><br><br>5. <a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank">Cosmetic Surgery TV Shows Get Viewers Pondering - healthfinder.gov</a><br><a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank">http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746</a><br><br>6. <a href="http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm" TARGET="_blank">Response to Plastic Surgery Associates of Connecticut, LLC's Request for Business Review Letter</a><br><a href="http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm</a><br><br>7. <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank">MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Cosmetic nose surgery</a><br><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm</a><br><br>8. <a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank">Botox Cosmetic: A Look at Looking Good</a><br><a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html</a><br><br>9. <a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank">The Facts on Plastic Surgery - Consumer Focus - FCIC</a><br><a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm</a><br><br> <a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a></div><br><br><br><a name="advanced"><b>Try digging deeper by doing research on a<br>LARGER SET OF DOCUMENTS:</b><br><form name="theForm2" action="http://iresearch-reporter.com/demo" target="_blank" method="get" ><input name="query" height="21" size="55" maxlength="2048" title="Search2" type="text" value="Cosmetic Surgery site:.gov"><input alt="" name="Submit2" value="Submit" src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/irr/btn_submit.gif" title="Submit advanced request" align="center" height="21" type="image" width="77"></form><br>(Will open in a new window. Your browser must have JavaScript & Cookies enabled.)<br><br><br><br> <small>Automatically generated multi-source summary has been compiled basing on the <br>fair use of snippets extracted from original articles, found through the <br>Google web search.</small></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><img src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backbottom.gif" width="800" height="45"></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table>
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== Is Plastic Surgery Right for You? ==
Cosmetic surgery, which is sometimes known as plastic surgery is a craze that has been sweeping the nation—and the world—for many years. There are both advantages and disadvantages to cosmetic surgery, which you must consider carefully before deciding if it is right for you. Cosmetic surgery can be very successful, but it is not for everyone. Is cosmetic surgery right for you? That is a question that only you, along with a medical professional, can answer.
First, consider the reasons why you are getting cosmetic surgery. In most cases, the main reason simple is to look better, hence the name cosmetic surgery. Many people think that the term plastic surgery implies that you are fake and somehow made of plastic. However, the term really comes from the Greek word meaning to reshape, and it have no connection to the word plastic that means the material. That said, some people believe that plastic surgery gives you an unnatural appearance. This can be true or false, depending on the surgery being done. Plastic surgery can also help to clear up other health problems as well, although this is not as common.
If you are considering plastic surgery for cosmetic reasons, you should first consider how severe your specific problems are. Do you feel embarrassed to interact with other people? Is your appearance causing you to avoid social situations? In these cases, plastic surgery should be able to help you. However, if you are simply worried about small things that have little effect on your daily life, like a bump on your nose, you may be able to save money and not put your health at risk by learning to accept the bump and live with it. On the other hand, if you were in a major accident and your face was disfigured, you might not want to leave your house unless you go through with plastic surgery. Think about the process carefully before deciding. This is different for every person, but consider your options wisely.
Money is another thing you should consider. Most types of plastic surgery are not covered by insurance, which means that you’ll have to pay for them out of pocket. In some cases, some of the costs may be covered, but you will usually have to pay thousands of dollars out of pocket for plastic surgery. If this isn’t possible for you, plastic surgery may not be the answer.
Finally, it is important to talk to your doctor about the health risks involved. For example, with breast implants, you run the risk of infection or your body rejecting the foreign object and attacking it. This can happen with any kind of plastic surgery where you use inorganic material to improve the shape of your body. If you are truly interested in plastic surgery, it is important to learn about all of the risks before you go through with the procedure.
== Is Abdominoplasty the Answer? ==
Cosmetic surgery is very popular in the United States to help a person improve his or her looks. One type of procedure you can get is the abdominoplasty. This cosmetic surgery is also known as a tummy tuck and works by removing excess fat and skin around the abdomen in order to tighten the muscles in this area. Women are most commonly the patients for this kind of surgery, and it is usually recommended only when diet and exercise do not work. It can also be used in some cases to remove excess skin, which is common around the abdomen in the case of a huge weight loss.
There are a number of different ways to go about this procedure. First, with a complete abdominoplasty, the doctor makes an incision completely across the lower abdomen, cuts around the navel, and detaches the skin for the abdominal wall. Your muscles are then tightened and excess skin is removed. A new hole is cute for the navel, and your skin is basically stitched back in place to heal. This can turn into an extended abdominoplasty, which is when the same procedure is done and then repeated on the thighs or back.
You can also combine abdominoplasty with liposuction, which removes fatty deposits in the body. This is very common. If you’ve already lost the weight, another choice is a partial abdominoplasty, which removes the excess apron of skin you have from when you were larger.
Before deciding to go with this procedure, realize that recover takes anywhere from two to four weeks, and much of that time you should not go in to work. You should also not do any kind of exercising or heavily lifting until you are healed, and smoking is not advised, because it creates a high risk for complications. Also, you should consider the high cost of tummy tucks. In the United States, partial procedures start at about $4,000, with full procedures costing even more. This does not take into account the prescriptions and follow up care you may need. The cost rises as you near larger cities like Los Angeles and New York, and if you want a surgeon at the head of this field, you can pay as much as $20,000 for this kind of a procedure. It’s not recommended for everyone, but you may be able to get some real results. If you are interested in an abdominoplasty, talk to a health care provider today.
== Cosmetic Surgery for a Cleft Lip and Palate ==
One of the most saddening congenital deformities affecting children all over the world is the clef lip and palate. Thanks to modern technology, we can now fix these problems with cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, but in third world countries, many children still go without this kind of help. A cleft is a separation in the body’s natural structure, and is caused on the face during gestation. A cleft lip and palate occur in about one in 600 to 800 births and are also called hare lip.
There are three different types of cleft lip. The unilateral incomplete cleft lip looks like a dent in the upper lip that does not reach the nose. It is also sometimes called a partial or incomplete cleft. If the dent reaches one nostril the cleft lip is known as a unilateral complete cleft. If it reaches to both nostrils, it is known as a bilateral complete cleft lip. If this does not extend into the mouth, cosmetic surgery is what is needed to fix the condition.
A cleft palate is a bit more of a serious condition. In this case, the two plates that form the skill in the hard palate, or roof of the mouth, do not completely join. Again, there are three kinds of cleft palates. The incomplete cleft palate is only a problem within the mouth and does not reach the nose. The complete lip and palate clefs reach the nostrils and are either unilateral (reaching one nostril) or bilateral (both nostrils). If this occurs, a combination of surgeries is needed to fix the problem. Usually, surgery can be done immediately after birth, but most doctors prefer to wait until the baby is ten weeks old so that he or she has time to recover from the birthing process itself.
Cleft lips and palates form due to both genetic and environmental factors. They are most prevalent in Asian, Latino, and Native American races, but can affect any child. Cosmetic surgery can really help these babies. Not only will it form a more normal-looking face, but it will also help with the various speech problems a child will have if trying to learn to speak with a cleft lip and palate.
If your baby has a clef lip or palate, you should talk to your doctor about the options available to you. In most cases, this surgery can be covered by your medical insurance, and it is definitely a good idea to help your child. Many successful people were born with cleft lips and palates, so surgery can really help.
== Choosing your Cosmetic Surgeon ==
You wouldn’t let just anyone repair a burst appendix, do a heart transplant, or operate on your brain; don’t let just anyone be your cosmetic surgeon either. Although a nose job or tummy tuck may be a bit less complicated than brain surgery, it is still surgery and there still is the very real possibility that you could die on the operating table. You can be rest assured that this is very rare, but it is much more likely if you don’t work with a complete professional. More common are botched surgeries where you come out looking worse than when you went it. The bottom line is that you are paying a lot of money and putting your health in the hands of a stranger. It is important to take some time to pick the right person for the job.
Before you even begin to think about scheduling consultations, you should visit surgeons’ websites and talk to other patients. If you know friends who have had surgery by a certain doctor, ask what was good and what was bad about the process with that particular doctor. A website can give you a doctor’s bio as well as before and after shots. You should narrow down your list to three or four people who are highly qualified, with a top choices, a second pick, and one or two to be left on your list in case your first two choices do not work out.
Next, you should ask for a consultation. Almost all doctors charge a consultation fee of around $100, but most only ask for this single fee even if you come back with more questions later. If you use that doctor, some apply the consultation fee to the total fee of the procedure. Every doctor is different.
Even if you love the first doctor you visit, you should ask for a second opinion, especially if you’ve never had plastic surgery before. Plastic surgeons are like artists, and each will try to give you the look you want. You may think you love the first doctor…until you see someone else’s ideas! If your top two choices are highly qualified, you can avoid more consultation fees by choosing between them. If neither suits your needs, you can see more doctors. Remember, don’t settle for a doctor unless he or she is exactly what you want. You have to live with how you look after the surgery, so choose the perfect doctor to avoid anything going wrong with the process.
== All Eyes on You: Blepharoplasty ==
Blepharoplasty is commonly known as eyelid surgery and is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries in the United States. This procedures help to remove excess fat, tissue, and skin from around the upper and lower eyelids to correct the drooping and puffiness that can make you look older. Contrary to popular belief, it will not remove wrinkles like crow’s feet, lift your brows, or correct dark circles. Eyelid surgery also will not make you look like another heritage, so it can be used to correct Asian eyes but will not remove evidence that a person is Asian. Usually, eyelid surgery is done in conjunction with other surgeries, like face lifts and brow lifts.
Like all other forms of cosmetic surgery, there are risks involved with eyelid surgery. The most common side effects include blurred vision for a few days and temporary swelling. However, the real dangers come with the risk of complications during the surgery with the anesthesia or after the surgery with infection. While major problems are rare, you should still talk to your cosmetic surgeon to make sure that you understand these risks before you choose to have this surgery preformed.
Before your surgery, you will have at least one or two consultations with the doctor. He or she will discuss with you how the surgery will work and what results you can expect. In most cases, you will be able to see a digitally enhanced picture of yourself after the surgery so that you and your doctor can be on the same page as to what you want. Before the surgery, you will also be given direction about what you can eat and drink the day of your surgery, and you should also be prepared with a driver to take you home after the surgery and to help you for a few days while your vision may still be blurry.
The first step of your surgery is to receive anesthesia, and you and your doctor can choose whether to have local or general. The surgery itself will most likely be done in the doctor’s surgical suite, but you can also have it done at a hospital if you’d like. It will take one to four hours, depending on your specific needs. The cosmetic surgeon will start by making tiny cuts around your eyes to separate the skin for the fat underneath. Excess substance will be removed and the incisions will then be carefully closed. Your eyelids may feel tight and sore afterwards, but in a few days, you should feel a lot better and the results are fantastic.
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<table width="800" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center"><img src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtop.gif" width="800" height="45" align="middle"></td></tr><tr><td background="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backmid.gif" valign="top"><table width="600" border="0" align="center"><tr><td><a name="top"><center>Your search has been for: <b><div id="hlight">Cosmetic Surgery site:.gov</div></b></center><br>Jump to: <br><a href="#overview"><b>Key Topics</b></a> || <a href="#append"><b>Possibly Useful</b></a> || <a href="#sources"><b>Selected Sources</b></a> || <a href="#advanced"><b>Dig Deeper</b></a><br><br><br><a name="overview"></a><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('overv'); return false;" title="Pertinent Info, most relevant to your research."><b><div id="hlight">KEY TOPICS<image src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/images/apx4.jpg" alt="Pertinent Info, most relevant to your research."></a></div></b><br><div id="overv"><b>Section Contents:</b><br><a name="top"></a><ul><li>According to the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery in Chicago, nearly 170,000 Americans, men and women, underwent laser resurfacing of the face in 1998, up from 138,891 in 1996--a 64 percent increase.<a href="#hdng0">(More...)</a><br><br></li><li>Whether it is cosmetic or reconstructive, all surgery carries uncertainty and risk.<a href="#hdng1">(More...)</a><br><br></li></ul></ul><br><br><a name="hdng0"></a><b><i>According to the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery in Chicago, nearly 170,000 Americans, men and women, underwent laser resurfacing of the face in 1998, up from 138,891 in 1996--a 64 percent increase.</i></b> That's nearly twice the number of the more traditional surgical facelifts performed in the same year. <a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>Psychological Aspects of Plastic Surgery (Copyright " ASPS) <a href="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/public_education/procedures/psychological_aspects.cfm">Psychological Aspects of Plastic Surgery opnbrktCopyright �� ASPSclsbrkt</a> - This concise publication will provide information on proper and improper candidates for cosmetic surgery, plastic surgery for children, timing your surgery, adjusting to the change, coping with post-operative depression as well as handling critics.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Cosmetic surgery: What to know beforehand (Copyright " MFMER) <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cosmetic-surgery/SN00006">Cosmetic surgery: What to know beforehand opnbrktCopyright �� MFMERclsbrkt</a> - This publication provides information on whether or not cosmetic surgery is right for you. It explains what the risks are, how to find a qualified surgeon, and what to expect from the consultation.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> <br><br>Getting cosmetic surgery can make BDD worse. They are often not happy with the outcome of the surgery. If they are, they may start to focus attention on another body area and become preoccupied trying to fix the new "defect." Some patients with BDD become angry at the surgeon for making their appearance worse and may even become violent towards the surgeon.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> <br><br>Infection with rapidly growing, nontuberculous mycobacteria should be considered in patients who have undergone cosmetic surgery procedures in DR and who subsequently have surgical-site infections that fail to respond to standard therapy.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> In April 2004, CDC received reports of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria in patients who had undergone cosmetic surgery procedures in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (DR).<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> Rapidly growing mycobacteria have been associated with postoperative infections in patients undergoing cosmetic surgery procedures ( 1 1, 2 2 ).<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> Cases of mycobacterial subcutaneous infections after cosmetic surgery procedures undergone since May 2003 in DR should be reported through state and local health departments to CDC, telephone 800-893-0485.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> <br><br>Cosmetic surgery has become a growth industry and a public obsession. The demand for the top three procedures in the United States grew by 26% between 1999 and 2000, and this growth is mirrored in the United Kingdom. 1 1 The public perception of cosmetic surgery is that it is quick and easy.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> Rohrich R. The increasing popularity of cosmetic surgery procedures: a look at statistics in plastic surgery.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> The suggestion that surgeons already practising cosmetic surgery should be allowed to continue was strongly opposed by the profession as it would permit surgeons who are unqualified to remain in practice possibly for decades. Despite these representations the Department of Health has now brought forward muted proposals, which demand only that surgeons be medically qualified and have attended some postgraduate courses.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> <br><br>To learn more about cosmetic surgery, visit the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.<a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[5]</sup></a> <br><br>As we understand from the materials you have provided, PSAC has been formed as a for-profit corporation under the Connecticut Limited Liability Company Act to contract with HMOs, employers, primary care IPAs, PHOs and other payers to provide plastic and reconstructive surgery, cosmetic surgery, maxillofacial surgery, surgery of the hand, microsurgery, burn and cancer surgery, and surgery to correct congenital abnormalities.<a href="http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[6]</sup></a> <br><br>Nose surgery is considered "elective" when it is done for purely cosmetic purposes. In these cases, the purpose is to change the shape of the nose to one that the patient finds more desirable.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> Many surgeons prefer not to perform cosmetic nose surgery until the growth of the nasal bone is completed (around 14 or 15 for girls, a bit later for boys).<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> In science fiction films the characters vaporized by a laser simply disappear. Patients opting for cosmetic laser surgery, however, suffer a less severe fate: Only their wrinkles and other skin imperfections disappear. In recent years, lasers have shed their science fictional image to become a surgeon's and dermatologist's most promising weapon in the fight against aging skin.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>Make sure that the doctor is trained and qualified in cosmetic skin surgery of the face.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> Botox injections are the fastest-growing cosmetic procedure in the industry, according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS).<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> <br><br>What You Should Know About the Safety of Outpatient Plastic Surgery (Copyright " ASPS) <a href="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/patients_consumers/ps_faqs/FAQ-What-You-Should-Know-About-the-Safety-of-Outpatient-Plastic-Surgery.cfm">What You Should Know About the Safety of Outpatient Plastic Surgery opnbrktCopyright �� ASPSclsbrkt </a> - This fact sheet provides information on what plastic surgery is, what the difference between cosmetic and reconstructive surgery is, how to learn if your surgeon has the appropriate credentials, how to learn about the facility's safety standards, and what other safety issues you should consider before having plastic surgery.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Standards in cosmetic clinics vary, but the clinics often send a representative to the home of the patient in response to a reply to an advertisement. These representatives are not medically qualified but recommend operations and book dates for surgery, often offering discounts if the patient signs immediately.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> In the study, Persing and his colleagues surveyed 42 cosmetic plastic surgery patients who were seeking plastic surgery for the first time at the Yale Plastic Surgery Clinic.<a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[5]</sup></a> <br><br><a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a><br><br><a name="hdng1"></a><b><i>Whether it is cosmetic or reconstructive, all surgery carries uncertainty and risk.</i></b> <a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[9]</sup></a> With the growing popularity of plastic surgery, and the increase in number of physicians performing cosmetic procedures every year, it's important you understand the credentials of the person you choose to be your plastic surgeon.<a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[9]</sup></a> Plastic surgery has made extraordinary advances both in cosmetic procedures (helping erase the marks, wrinkles and sags of encroaching age) and reconstructive procedures (correcting a deformity or burn surgery) in recent years.<a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[9]</sup></a> <br><br><a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a></div><br><a name="append"></a><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('apx'); return false;" title="Additional Info, less pertinent but still might be useful in your research."><b><div id="hlight">POSSIBLY USEFUL<image src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/images/apx4.jpg" alt="Additional Info, less pertinent but still might be useful in your research."></a></div></b><br><div id="apx"><b>Section Contents:</b><br><a name="top"></a><ul><li>The patient may feel depressed following surgery, but day by day the nose will look better.<a href="#hdng2">(More...)</a><br><br></li><br><br><a name="hdng2"></a><b><i>The patient may feel depressed following surgery, but day by day the nose will look better.</i></b> <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> The patient might experience some unexpected reactions from family and friends. They may act resentful, especially if something they view as a family or ethnic trait is altered. The patient should keep in mind the reasons for the nasal correction, and if these have been reached, then the surgery is a success.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> The patient will usually be lightly sedated, but awake during the surgery -- relaxed and insensitive to pain.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> Within 2 days, most patients are up and about, and able to return to school or non-strenuous work within about a week following surgery.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> <br><br>A splint (metal or plastic) will be applied externally to maintain the newly shaped bony structure when the surgery is complete.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> Immediately following surgery, the nose and face will be swollen and painful.<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[7]</sup></a> <br><br>Credentialing is a state function, since states are responsible for the licensing of doctors and nurses, and standards for laser training vary from state to state. That's bad news for patients like Jones. Two years after her procedure, she has spent nearly $70,000 for both the initial surgery and subsequent consultations and corrective surgeries to remove the scarring. She says she has partially reclaimed her life. She bitterly regrets undergoing the initial surgery.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Says Anderson, the best people to work with lasers on skin conditions are the professionals who best understand skin and surgery of the skin: dermatologists and plastic surgeons.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Alster, on the other hand, believes that in the hands of a very experienced surgeon, people with darker skin tones, although not ideal candidates, can benefit from surgery.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Alster warns that anyone not mentally prepared for resurfacing or who expects instant results is not a good candidate. "This is not easy in-easy out surgery," she says. "Potential patients have to realize that there will be bruising and swelling and they will be holed up in the house for seven to 10 days," she says. "They will have a crusty, oozy, bruised, scabbed, raw-appearing face." They should not expect unflawed skin. "I can't deliver that," she says.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Laser resurfacing can often make patients look 10 to 20 years younger, and the results can last for eight to 10 years, says Tina Alster, M.D., director of the Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery in the nation's capital. She warns that after surgery, patients must avoid sunbathing and destroying their skin again.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> New, more youthful collagen actually forms after laser treatment, says A. Jay Burns, M.D., partner in the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute and assistant professor of plastic surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> "Consumers ask more questions of auto mechanics," says Alster. "This is surgery and with it comes inherent risks and complications.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>"Lasers really are magic bullets. They can do things deep in the skin without trashing anything else. It's not like surgery where the tools are not microscopically specific."<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> "Then that person should go where the surgery is performed and watch a skilled surgeon use the equipment."<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>The next step is crucial: asking the right questions. Alster advises asking where the doctor has trained and if he or she owns or rents the equipment--those who own have likely made a commitment to training and to laser surgery.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> Even dentists, obstetricians, gynecologists, and family doctors are now offering laser surgery, says Alster.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>Many skin conditions respond well to laser surgery, including red vascular lesions such as spider veins on the face, hemangiomas, and birthmarks such as port wine stains, says Rox Anderson, M.D., director of the Laser Center at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Lasers also are useful for scars, warts, excessive eye folds, tattoos, and hair removal, along with such conditions as rosacea, brown age spots, and the brown and blue pigmented facial lesions common to Asian skin.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[1]</sup></a> <br><br>More popular than breast enhancement surgery and a potential blockbuster, Botox is regarded by some as the ultimate fountain of youth. Schwallenberg, a pharmaceutical sales representative who is excited about her next round of injections, says she wants to look her best for her job. "That's corporate America for you," she says.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> Plastic surgery events known as Botox parties--also seminars, evenings and socials--are a key element of Botox marketing in much of the United States.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> While the effects of Botox Cosmetic don't last, still, people don't seem to mind repeating the procedure every four to six months in order to maintain a wrinkle-free look.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> The FDA recommends that Botox Cosmetic be injected no more frequently than once every three months, and that the lowest effective dose should be used.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox Cosmetic) is a protein complex produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which contains the same toxin that causes food poisoning.<a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[8]</sup></a> <br><br>Botox Cosmetic: A Look at Looking Good <a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html">Botox Cosmetic: A Look at Looking Good</a> - This on-line publication illustrates how botox works, explains the recommendations of the FDA, and provides a list of what to look for if considering botox injections.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Consumer Information (Copyright " ASDS) <a href="http://www.asds-net.org/consumerinformation.aspx">Consumer Information opnbrktCopyright �� ASDSclsbrkt</a> - This section of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery"s web site provides information for the public about different types of dermatologic surgery and patient safety.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Do's and don"ts for liposuction (Copyright " ASDS) <a href="http://www.asds-net.org/DosAndDontsLiposuction.aspx">Do's and don���ts for liposuction opnbrktCopyright �� ASDSclsbrkt</a> - In this fact sheet the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery offers some tips to ensure a positive result from tumescent liposuction.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Is the doctor board certified? With which board? The doctor should be certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> <br><br>If you are seeking surgery with the hope of influencing a change in someone other than yourself, you might end up disappointed.<a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[2]</sup></a> Symptoms of infection began a median of 5 weeks after surgery (range: 1--20 weeks) and included subcutaneous or deep-tissue abscesses requiring incision, drainage, and antibiotic therapy in all patients; nine patients were hospitalized.<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[3]</sup></a> <br><br>Klassen A, Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, Goodacre T. Patient's health related quality of life before and after aesthetic surgery.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> The national commission monitoring standards of care intends to control the worst excesses of the cosmetic clinics and to ensure that there is an even standard of care across the private sector, whether treatment is provided by consultant surgeons or in clinics.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> Unfortunately the royal colleges do not have a mechanism to assess the standards of unaccredited cosmetic surgeons who are currently practising.<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank" <sup>[4]</sup></a> <br><a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a><br></div><br><br><a name="sources"><a href="#" onclick="toggle_visibility('srcs'); return false;" title="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report."><b><div id="hlight">SELECTED SOURCES<image src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/images/apx4.jpg" alt="Most Informative Documents, used in preparation of this report."></a></div></b><br><div id="srcs"><br><br>1. <a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank">Cosmetic Laser Surgery: A High-Tech Weapon in the Fight Against Aging Skin</a><br><a href="http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html" TARGET="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2000/300_laser.html</a><br><br>2. <a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank">Body Image: Loving Yourself Inside and Out - Cosmetic Surgery</a><br><a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/surgery/</a><br><br>3. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank">Brief Report: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Cosmetic Surgery Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 2003--2004</a><br><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a4.htm</a><br><br>4. <a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank">Regulating cosmetic surgery</a><br><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202" TARGET="_blank">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1123202</a><br><br>5. <a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank">Cosmetic Surgery TV Shows Get Viewers Pondering - healthfinder.gov</a><br><a href="http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746" TARGET="_blank">http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=606746</a><br><br>6. <a href="http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm" TARGET="_blank">Response to Plastic Surgery Associates of Connecticut, LLC's Request for Business Review Letter</a><br><a href="http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/0698.htm</a><br><br>7. <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank">MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Cosmetic nose surgery</a><br><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm</a><br><br>8. <a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank">Botox Cosmetic: A Look at Looking Good</a><br><a href="http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html" TARGET="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html</a><br><br>9. <a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank">The Facts on Plastic Surgery - Consumer Focus - FCIC</a><br><a href="http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm" TARGET="_blank">http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cfocus/cfmay2000/focus.htm</a><br><br> <a href="#top"><img alt="Back to Top" title="Back to Top" src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backtotop.jpg" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 72px; height: 14px;"></a></div><br><br><br><a name="advanced"><b>Try digging deeper by doing research on a<br>LARGER SET OF DOCUMENTS:</b><br><form name="theForm2" action="http://iresearch-reporter.com/demo" target="_blank" method="get" ><input name="query" height="21" size="55" maxlength="2048" title="Search2" type="text" value="Cosmetic Surgery site:.gov"><input alt="" name="Submit2" value="Submit" src="http://iresearch-reporter.com/irr/btn_submit.gif" title="Submit advanced request" align="center" height="21" type="image" width="77"></form><br>(Will open in a new window. Your browser must have JavaScript & Cookies enabled.)<br><br><br><br> <small>Automatically generated multi-source summary has been compiled basing on the <br>fair use of snippets extracted from original articles, found through the <br>Google web search.</small></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><img src="http://newsfeedresearcher.com/images/backbottom.gif" width="800" height="45"></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table>
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