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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Finland}}__NOTOC__
<center>
== https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/fi-map.gif Finland ==
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Introduction'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Background:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Geography'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Location:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between [[Directory:Sweden|Sweden]] and [[Directory:Russia|Russia]]
|-
| <div align="right">Geographic coordinates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 64 00 N, 26 00 E
|-
| <div align="right">Map references:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Europe]]
|-
| <div align="right">Area:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 338,145 sq km <br />''land:'' 304,473 sq km <br />''water:'' 33,672 sq km
|-
| <div align="right">Area - comparative:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | slightly smaller than [[Directory:Montana|Montana]]
|-
| <div align="right">Land boundaries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 2,681 km <br />''border countries:'' Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km
|-
| <div align="right">Coastline:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,250 km
|-
| <div align="right">Maritime claims:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''territorial sea:'' 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) <br />''contiguous zone:'' 24 nm <br />''exclusive fishing zone:'' 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden <br />''continental shelf:'' 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|-
| <div align="right">Climate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
|-
| <div align="right">Terrain:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
|-
| <div align="right">Elevation extremes:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest point:'' Baltic Sea 0 m <br />''highest point:'' Haltiatunturi 1,328 m
|-
| <div align="right">Natural resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
|-
| <div align="right">Land use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''arable land:'' 6.54% <br />''permanent crops:'' 0.02% <br />''other:'' 93.44% (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Irrigated land:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 640 sq km (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Total renewable water resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 110 cu km (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''Total:'' 2.33 cu km/yr (14%/84%/3%) <br />''Per capita:'' 444 cu m/yr (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural hazards:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - current issues:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - international agreements:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''party to:'' Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling <br />''signed, but not ratified:'' none of the selected agreements
|-
| <div align="right">Geography - note:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''People'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Population:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5,238,460 (July 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Age structure:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''0-14 years:'' 16.9% (male 449,548/female 433,253) <br />''15-64 years:'' 66.7% (male 1,768,996/female 1,727,143) <br />''65 years and over:'' 16.4% (male 344,798/female 514,722) (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Median age:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 41.6 years <br />''male:'' 40 years <br />''female:'' 43.1 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.127% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Birth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10.42 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Death rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 9.93 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Net migration rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Sex ratio:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''at birth:'' 1.04 male(s)/female <br />''under 15 years:'' 1.038 male(s)/female <br />''15-64 years:'' 1.024 male(s)/female <br />''65 years and over:'' 0.67 male(s)/female <br />''total population:'' 0.958 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Infant mortality rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''male:'' 3.84 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''female:'' 3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Life expectancy at birth:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total population:'' 78.66 years <br />''male:'' 75.15 years <br />''female:'' 82.31 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Total fertility rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.73 children born/woman (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,500 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - deaths:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | less than 100 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Nationality:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''noun:'' Finn(s) <br />''adjective:'' Finnish
|-
| <div align="right">Ethnic groups:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.2%, Sami 0.1%
|-
| <div align="right">Religions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lutheran Church of Finland 84.2%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 13.5% (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Languages:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Literacy:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br />''total population:'' 100% <br />''male:'' 100% <br />''female:'' 100% (2000 est.)
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Government'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Country name:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''conventional long form:'' Republic of Finland <br />''conventional short form:'' Finland <br />''local long form:'' Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland <br />''local short form:'' Suomi/Finland
|-
| <div align="right">Government type:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | republic
|-
| <div align="right">Capital:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''name:'' Helsinki <br />''geographic coordinates:'' 60 10 N, 24 56 E <br />''time difference:'' UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) <br />''daylight saving time:'' +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|-
| <div align="right">Administrative divisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani
|-
| <div align="right">Independence:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
|-
| <div align="right">National holiday:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
|-
| <div align="right">Constitution:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1 March 2000
|-
| <div align="right">Legal system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
|-
| <div align="right">Suffrage:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age; universal
|-
| <div align="right">Executive branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of state:'' President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) <br />''head of government:'' Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 19 April 2007) <br />''cabinet:'' Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament <br />''elections:'' president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 15 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2012); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister from the majority party or the majority coalition after parliamentary elections and the parliament must approve the appointment; Prime Minister VANHANEN reelected 17 April 2007 <br />''election results:'' percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 46.3%, Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 24.1%, Matti Vanhanen (Kesk) 18.6%, Heidi HAUTALA (VIHR) 3.5%; a runoff election between HALONEN and NIINISTO was held 29 January 2006 - HALONEN 51.8%, NIINISTO 48.2%; Matti VANHANEN relected prime minister; election results 121-71 <br />''note:'' government coalition - Kesk, SDP, and SFP
|-
| <div align="right">Legislative branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) <br />''elections:'' last held 18 March 2007 (next to be held March 2011) <br />''election results:'' percent of vote by party - Kesk 23.1%, Kok 22.3%, SDP 21.4%, VAS 8.8%, VIHR 8.5%, KD 4.9%, SFP 4.5%, True Finns 4.1%, other 3.4%; seats by party - Kesk 51, Kok 50, SDP 45, VAS 17, VIHR 15, SFP 9, KD 7, True Finns 5, other 1
|-
| <div align="right">Judicial branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)
|-
| <div align="right">Political parties and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; Left Alliance or VAS [Martti KORHONEN] (composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative); National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan WALLIN]; True Finns [Timo SOINI]
|-
| <div align="right">International organization participation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AfDB, Arctic Council, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Pekka LINTU <br />''chancery:'' 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 <br />''telephone:'' [1] (202) 298-5800 <br />''FAX:'' [1] (202) 298-6030 <br />''consulate(s) general:'' Los Angeles, New York
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Marilyn WARE <br />''embassy:'' Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki <br />''mailing address:'' APO AE 09723 <br />''telephone:'' [358] (9) 616250 <br />''FAX:'' [358] (9) 6162 5800
|-
| <div align="right">Flag description:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Economy'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Economy - overview:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important; exports equal two-fifths of GDP. Finland excels in high-tech exports, e.g., mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. High unemployment remains a persistent problem. In 2007 Russia announced plans to impose high tariffs on raw timber exported to Finland. The Finnish pulp and paper industry will be threatened if these duties are put into place in 2008 and 2009, and the matter is now being handled by the European Union.
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (purchasing power parity):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $185.9 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (official exchange rate):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $210.5 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - real growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.9% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - per capita (PPP):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $35,500 (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - composition by sector:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 2.5% <br />''industry:'' 31.7% <br />''services:'' 65.9% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.68 million (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force - by occupation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | agriculture and forestry 4.4%, industry 17.5%, construction 6%, commerce 22%, finance, insurance, and business services 12%, transport and communications 8%, public services 30.2% (2000 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Unemployment rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6.6% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population below poverty line:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA%
|-
| <div align="right">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest 10%:'' 4% <br />''highest 10%:'' 22.6% (2000)
|-
| <div align="right">Distribution of family income - Gini index:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 26 (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.7% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Investment (gross fixed):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 19.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Budget:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''revenues:'' $124.2 billion <br />''expenditures:'' $114 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Public debt:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 32.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Agriculture - products:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
|-
| <div align="right">Industries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
|-
| <div align="right">Industrial production growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.5% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 67.09 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production by source:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''fossil fuel:'' 39% <br />''hydro:'' 18.7% <br />''nuclear:'' 30.4% <br />''other:'' 11.8% (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 81.11 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 933 million kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 17.92 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8,951 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 219,700 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 118,300 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 333,400 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4.244 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4.245 billion cu m (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (1 January 2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Current account balance:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $17.12 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $92.62 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Germany 11.3%, Sweden 10.5%, Russia 10.1%, UK 6.5%, US 6.5%, Netherlands 5.1% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $76.36 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Germany 15.6%, Russia 14%, Sweden 13.7%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 5.4%, UK 4.7%, Denmark 4.5% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Economic aid - donor:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ODA, $850.5 million (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $7.499 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Debt - external:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $271.2 billion (30 June 2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $64.18 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $90.83 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Market value of publicly traded shares:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $209.5 billion (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency (code):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | euro (EUR) <br />''note:'' on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
|-
| <div align="right">Currency code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | EUR
|-
| <div align="right">Exchange rates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Fiscal year:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | calendar year
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Communications'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Telephones - main lines in use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.92 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephones - mobile cellular:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.67 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephone system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''general assessment:'' modern system with excellent service <br />''domestic:'' digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs <br />''international:'' country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
|-
| <div align="right">Radio broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
|-
| <div align="right">Radios:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.7 million (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Television broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Televisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.2 million (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet country code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | .fi; note - the ICANN has assigned the ccTLD of .ax to the Aland Islands
|-
| <div align="right">Internet hosts:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.323 million (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet Service Providers (ISPs):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3 (2002)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet users:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.925 million (2006)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transportation'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Airports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 148 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with paved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 76 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 2 <br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 27 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 10 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 22 <br />''under 914 m:'' 15 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with unpaved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 72 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 4 <br />''under 914 m:'' 68 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Pipelines:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | gas 694 km (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Railways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 5,741 km <br />''broad gauge:'' 5,741 km 1.524-m gauge (2,619 km electrified) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Roadways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 78,189 km <br />''paved:'' 50,760 km (includes 700 km of expressways) <br />''unpaved:'' 27,429 km (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Waterways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7,842 km <br />''note:'' includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Merchant marine:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 92 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,362,014 GRT/1,002,280 DWT <br />''by type:'' bulk carrier 3, cargo 26, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 20, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 23, vehicle carrier 2 <br />''foreign-owned:'' 5 (Germany 2, Norway 1, Sweden 2) <br />''registered in other countries:'' 43 (Bahamas 8, Germany 4, Gibraltar 3, Marshall Islands 2, Netherlands 14, Norway 1, Sweden 10, UK 1) (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Ports and terminals:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Naantali, Pori, Raahe, Rauma, Turku
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Military'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Military branches:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army, Navy (includes coastal defense forces), Air Force (Suomen Ilmavoimat) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Military service age and obligation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower available for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 1,121,275 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 1,076,684 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower fit for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 913,617 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 875,689 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower reaching military service age annually:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 32,040 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 30,519 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Military expenditures - percent of GDP:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2% (2005 est.)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transnational Issues'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| <div align="right">Disputes - international:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
</center>
[[Category:Country]]
|}
<center>
== https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/fi-map.gif Finland ==
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Introduction'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Background:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Geography'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Location:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between [[Directory:Sweden|Sweden]] and [[Directory:Russia|Russia]]
|-
| <div align="right">Geographic coordinates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 64 00 N, 26 00 E
|-
| <div align="right">Map references:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Europe]]
|-
| <div align="right">Area:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 338,145 sq km <br />''land:'' 304,473 sq km <br />''water:'' 33,672 sq km
|-
| <div align="right">Area - comparative:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | slightly smaller than [[Directory:Montana|Montana]]
|-
| <div align="right">Land boundaries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 2,681 km <br />''border countries:'' Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km
|-
| <div align="right">Coastline:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,250 km
|-
| <div align="right">Maritime claims:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''territorial sea:'' 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) <br />''contiguous zone:'' 24 nm <br />''exclusive fishing zone:'' 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden <br />''continental shelf:'' 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|-
| <div align="right">Climate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
|-
| <div align="right">Terrain:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
|-
| <div align="right">Elevation extremes:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest point:'' Baltic Sea 0 m <br />''highest point:'' Haltiatunturi 1,328 m
|-
| <div align="right">Natural resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
|-
| <div align="right">Land use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''arable land:'' 6.54% <br />''permanent crops:'' 0.02% <br />''other:'' 93.44% (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Irrigated land:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 640 sq km (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Total renewable water resources:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 110 cu km (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''Total:'' 2.33 cu km/yr (14%/84%/3%) <br />''Per capita:'' 444 cu m/yr (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural hazards:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - current issues:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
|-
| <div align="right">Environment - international agreements:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''party to:'' Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling <br />''signed, but not ratified:'' none of the selected agreements
|-
| <div align="right">Geography - note:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''People'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Population:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5,238,460 (July 2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Age structure:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''0-14 years:'' 16.9% (male 449,548/female 433,253) <br />''15-64 years:'' 66.7% (male 1,768,996/female 1,727,143) <br />''65 years and over:'' 16.4% (male 344,798/female 514,722) (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Median age:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 41.6 years <br />''male:'' 40 years <br />''female:'' 43.1 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.127% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Birth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10.42 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Death rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 9.93 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Net migration rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Sex ratio:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''at birth:'' 1.04 male(s)/female <br />''under 15 years:'' 1.038 male(s)/female <br />''15-64 years:'' 1.024 male(s)/female <br />''65 years and over:'' 0.67 male(s)/female <br />''total population:'' 0.958 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Infant mortality rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''male:'' 3.84 deaths/1,000 live births <br />''female:'' 3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Life expectancy at birth:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total population:'' 78.66 years <br />''male:'' 75.15 years <br />''female:'' 82.31 years (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Total fertility rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.73 children born/woman (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1,500 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">HIV/AIDS - deaths:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | less than 100 (2003 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Nationality:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''noun:'' Finn(s) <br />''adjective:'' Finnish
|-
| <div align="right">Ethnic groups:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.2%, Sami 0.1%
|-
| <div align="right">Religions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lutheran Church of Finland 84.2%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 13.5% (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Languages:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Literacy:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''definition:'' age 15 and over can read and write <br />''total population:'' 100% <br />''male:'' 100% <br />''female:'' 100% (2000 est.)
|}
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Government'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Country name:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''conventional long form:'' Republic of Finland <br />''conventional short form:'' Finland <br />''local long form:'' Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland <br />''local short form:'' Suomi/Finland
|-
| <div align="right">Government type:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | republic
|-
| <div align="right">Capital:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''name:'' Helsinki <br />''geographic coordinates:'' 60 10 N, 24 56 E <br />''time difference:'' UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) <br />''daylight saving time:'' +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|-
| <div align="right">Administrative divisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani
|-
| <div align="right">Independence:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
|-
| <div align="right">National holiday:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
|-
| <div align="right">Constitution:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1 March 2000
|-
| <div align="right">Legal system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
|-
| <div align="right">Suffrage:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age; universal
|-
| <div align="right">Executive branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of state:'' President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) <br />''head of government:'' Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 19 April 2007) <br />''cabinet:'' Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament <br />''elections:'' president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 15 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2012); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister from the majority party or the majority coalition after parliamentary elections and the parliament must approve the appointment; Prime Minister VANHANEN reelected 17 April 2007 <br />''election results:'' percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 46.3%, Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 24.1%, Matti Vanhanen (Kesk) 18.6%, Heidi HAUTALA (VIHR) 3.5%; a runoff election between HALONEN and NIINISTO was held 29 January 2006 - HALONEN 51.8%, NIINISTO 48.2%; Matti VANHANEN relected prime minister; election results 121-71 <br />''note:'' government coalition - Kesk, SDP, and SFP
|-
| <div align="right">Legislative branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) <br />''elections:'' last held 18 March 2007 (next to be held March 2011) <br />''election results:'' percent of vote by party - Kesk 23.1%, Kok 22.3%, SDP 21.4%, VAS 8.8%, VIHR 8.5%, KD 4.9%, SFP 4.5%, True Finns 4.1%, other 3.4%; seats by party - Kesk 51, Kok 50, SDP 45, VAS 17, VIHR 15, SFP 9, KD 7, True Finns 5, other 1
|-
| <div align="right">Judicial branch:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)
|-
| <div align="right">Political parties and leaders:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; Left Alliance or VAS [Martti KORHONEN] (composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative); National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan WALLIN]; True Finns [Timo SOINI]
|-
| <div align="right">International organization participation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AfDB, Arctic Council, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Pekka LINTU <br />''chancery:'' 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 <br />''telephone:'' [1] (202) 298-5800 <br />''FAX:'' [1] (202) 298-6030 <br />''consulate(s) general:'' Los Angeles, New York
|-
| <div align="right">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''chief of mission:'' Ambassador Marilyn WARE <br />''embassy:'' Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki <br />''mailing address:'' APO AE 09723 <br />''telephone:'' [358] (9) 616250 <br />''FAX:'' [358] (9) 6162 5800
|-
| <div align="right">Flag description:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Economy'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Economy - overview:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important; exports equal two-fifths of GDP. Finland excels in high-tech exports, e.g., mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. High unemployment remains a persistent problem. In 2007 Russia announced plans to impose high tariffs on raw timber exported to Finland. The Finnish pulp and paper industry will be threatened if these duties are put into place in 2008 and 2009, and the matter is now being handled by the European Union.
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (purchasing power parity):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $185.9 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP (official exchange rate):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $210.5 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - real growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.9% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - per capita (PPP):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $35,500 (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">GDP - composition by sector:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''agriculture:'' 2.5% <br />''industry:'' 31.7% <br />''services:'' 65.9% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.68 million (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Labor force - by occupation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | agriculture and forestry 4.4%, industry 17.5%, construction 6%, commerce 22%, finance, insurance, and business services 12%, transport and communications 8%, public services 30.2% (2000 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Unemployment rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6.6% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Population below poverty line:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | NA%
|-
| <div align="right">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''lowest 10%:'' 4% <br />''highest 10%:'' 22.6% (2000)
|-
| <div align="right">Distribution of family income - Gini index:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 26 (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.7% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Investment (gross fixed):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 19.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Budget:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''revenues:'' $124.2 billion <br />''expenditures:'' $114 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Public debt:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 32.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Agriculture - products:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
|-
| <div align="right">Industries:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
|-
| <div align="right">Industrial production growth rate:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.5% (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 67.09 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - production by source:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''fossil fuel:'' 39% <br />''hydro:'' 18.7% <br />''nuclear:'' 30.4% <br />''other:'' 11.8% (2001)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 81.11 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 933 million kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Electricity - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 17.92 billion kWh (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8,951 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 219,700 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 118,300 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 333,400 bbl/day (2004)
|-
| <div align="right">Oil - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - production:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - consumption:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4.244 billion cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4.245 billion cu m (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Natural gas - proved reserves:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 0 cu m (1 January 2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Current account balance:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $17.12 billion (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $92.62 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - commodities:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Exports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Germany 11.3%, Sweden 10.5%, Russia 10.1%, UK 6.5%, US 6.5%, Netherlands 5.1% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $76.36 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Imports - partners:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Germany 15.6%, Russia 14%, Sweden 13.7%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 5.4%, UK 4.7%, Denmark 4.5% (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Economic aid - donor:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ODA, $850.5 million (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $7.499 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Debt - external:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $271.2 billion (30 June 2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $64.18 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $90.83 billion (2006 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Market value of publicly traded shares:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | $209.5 billion (2005)
|-
| <div align="right">Currency (code):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | euro (EUR) <br />''note:'' on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
|-
| <div align="right">Currency code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | EUR
|-
| <div align="right">Exchange rates:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
|-
| <div align="right">Fiscal year:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | calendar year
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Communications'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Telephones - main lines in use:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1.92 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephones - mobile cellular:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5.67 million (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Telephone system:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''general assessment:'' modern system with excellent service <br />''domestic:'' digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs <br />''international:'' country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
|-
| <div align="right">Radio broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
|-
| <div align="right">Radios:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7.7 million (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Television broadcast stations:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)
|-
| <div align="right">Televisions:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3.2 million (1997)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet country code:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | .fi; note - the ICANN has assigned the ccTLD of .ax to the Aland Islands
|-
| <div align="right">Internet hosts:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.323 million (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet Service Providers (ISPs):</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3 (2002)
|-
| <div align="right">Internet users:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2.925 million (2006)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transportation'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Airports:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 148 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with paved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 76 <br />''over 3,047 m:'' 2 <br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 27 <br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 10 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 22 <br />''under 914 m:'' 15 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Airports - with unpaved runways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 72 <br />''914 to 1,523 m:'' 4 <br />''under 914 m:'' 68 (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Pipelines:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | gas 694 km (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Railways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 5,741 km <br />''broad gauge:'' 5,741 km 1.524-m gauge (2,619 km electrified) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Roadways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 78,189 km <br />''paved:'' 50,760 km (includes 700 km of expressways) <br />''unpaved:'' 27,429 km (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Waterways:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7,842 km <br />''note:'' includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Merchant marine:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''total:'' 92 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,362,014 GRT/1,002,280 DWT <br />''by type:'' bulk carrier 3, cargo 26, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 20, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 23, vehicle carrier 2 <br />''foreign-owned:'' 5 (Germany 2, Norway 1, Sweden 2) <br />''registered in other countries:'' 43 (Bahamas 8, Germany 4, Gibraltar 3, Marshall Islands 2, Netherlands 14, Norway 1, Sweden 10, UK 1) (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Ports and terminals:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Naantali, Pori, Raahe, Rauma, Turku
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Military'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| <div align="right">Military branches:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army, Navy (includes coastal defense forces), Air Force (Suomen Ilmavoimat) (2006)
|-
| <div align="right">Military service age and obligation:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months (2007)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower available for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 1,121,275 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 1,076,684 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower fit for military service:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 913,617 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 875,689 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Manpower reaching military service age annually:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''males age 18-49:'' 32,040 <br />''females age 18-49:'' 30,519 (2005 est.)
|-
| <div align="right">Military expenditures - percent of GDP:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2% (2005 est.)
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Transnational Issues'''
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Finland'''
|}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="center"
|-
| <div align="right">Disputes - international:</div>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
</center>
[[Category:Country]]
|}
