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== The Zuvela’s Arrived on the West End of Korcula in the Early 1600s ==

== The Zuvela’s Arrived on the West End of Korcula in the Early 1600s ==

The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica''' (previously know as Rasohatija). There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato (previously also know as Blatta) in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168)</ref> At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta or in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where the original Xuvellas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]]. Many of them were from Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref><ref>There is a theory that the Xuvellas were Spanish-Jews who were expelled in 1493 from Spain. From there they moved to the Italian peninsula and then to the Republic of Venice. Referenced from [http://www.webanswers.com/arts-humanities/genealogy/surnames/what-is-the-meaning-and-origin-of-the-surname-zuvella-7479f2 www.webanswers.com]. Jew in old Venetian is xudio (plus abreo and sabadai). Xuàne in Venetian is John and Jovàni (j is spoken as in French Jardin). The Latin Iudaeus means Judaean, "from the land of Judaea".  

The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica''' (previously know as Rasohatija). There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato (previously ''also know'' as Blatta) in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168)</ref> At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta or in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where the original Xuvellas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]]. Many of them were from Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref><ref>There is a theory that the Xuvellas were Spanish-Jews who were expelled in 1493 from Spain. From there they moved to the Italian peninsula and then to the Republic of Venice. Referenced from [http://www.webanswers.com/arts-humanities/genealogy/surnames/what-is-the-meaning-and-origin-of-the-surname-zuvella-7479f2 www.webanswers.com]. Jew in old Venetian is xudio (plus abreo and sabadai). Xuàne in Venetian is John and Jovàni (j is spoken as in French Jardin). The Latin Iudaeus means Judaean, "from the land of Judaea".  

In Latin '''vella''' means: country house, villa, country seat, suburbanum or farm. The closet city within the Republic with a Jewish population was Splato (modern Split). If this theory is correct it could be the Xuvellas were Conversos Jews or New Christians.</ref> as well as Christians from the Ottoman Empire which ruled the Balkans for centuries.<ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

In Latin '''vella''' means: country house, villa, country seat, suburbanum or farm. The closet city within the Republic with a Jewish population was Splato (modern Split). If this theory is correct it could be the Xuvellas were Conversos Jews or New Christians.</ref> as well as Christians from the Ottoman Empire which ruled the Balkans for centuries.<ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

The information concerning the early Zuvelas of Korčula is taken from a local 19th century historian from Blato called Nikola Ostojic (below): {{quote|

The information concerning the early Zuvelas of Korčula is taken from a local 19th century historian from Blato called Nikola Ostojic (below): {{quote|

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have any history except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz by Nikola Ostojić </ref>}}  He wrote a book about the town of Vela Luka in '''1853'''. The book was published in 1953. It was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] with a Venetian dialect. Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12)</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries.  

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have any history except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz by Nikola Ostojić </ref>}}  He wrote a book about the town of Vela Luka in '''1853'''. The book was published in 1953. It was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] with a Venetian dialect. Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12)</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries.  

In the 1860s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian </ref><ref>'''Illyrian is taken from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then slowly replaced Italian altogether. Thus the name Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula (previously know as Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a  process of Croatisation, '''Neo Shtokavian''')  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

In the 1860s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian </ref><ref>'''Illyrian is taken from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the  ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then slowly replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula (previously know as Curzola) on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the 1860s started to introduce (a  process of Croatisation, '''Neo Shtokavian''')  within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run  privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>  

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

{{quote|

{{quote|