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Directory:Korcula History 2 (view source)

Revision as of 10:14, 1 July 2015

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According to various sources both Slavs and Avars participated in invading Roman Dalmatia. The ''Avars'' were a nomadic people from Eurasian who invaded the Balkans  at the same time as the Slavs. In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were abandoned (or destroyed) and then rebuilt at a later stage. <ref>According to recent studies done at the '''University of Zadar''',  Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century. Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008 (p161)</ref>  
 
According to various sources both Slavs and Avars participated in invading Roman Dalmatia. The ''Avars'' were a nomadic people from Eurasian who invaded the Balkans  at the same time as the Slavs. In this historic period it is recorded that many of the churches on the island of Korčula were abandoned (or destroyed) and then rebuilt at a later stage. <ref>According to recent studies done at the '''University of Zadar''',  Slavs on the island of Korčula accepted Christianity fully in the 14th century. Reference from: University of Zadar-Sociogeographic Transformation of the Western Part of Korcula Island by Lena Mirosevic-2008 (p161)</ref>  
 
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==Korcula Originally a 'Dalmatian Latin' (Roman) Town==
 +
In this editors opinion to-days Korčula was originally a '''Dalmatian Latin''' (Roman) town - Corcyra. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the town was built in the early middle ages as a fortification against invading tribes. Later, in the middle ages it became a dual Latin (Romance) and Slavic town. With the arrival of Venetians it continued to evolve as such until the end of the Republic itself in 1797. The town's old centre is of Venetian construction <ref> Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911)</ref> and many have pointed out its similarities to Venetian architecture.
 +
We can safely assume that from the 13th century onwards there were '''two ethnic''' communities living on the island in the middle ages, one being descendants of the Roman Empire and the other being of Slavic descent. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. (p103)</ref><ref>Smiciklas, ''CD'' V, (p237); N. Klaic, ''Povijest Hrvata u Razvijenom'', (p130) {{quote|
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''In 1262 the Venetian praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent.'' }}</ref> Two languages, the Romance Latin language called ''Dalmatian'' and the old Slavic Chakavian language became the norm on the island. With time these languages started to overlap. The written language was [[Latin]]. The fact that Slavs from the then neighbouring [[Directory:Croatia|Kingdom of Croatia]] also spoke old Slavic Chakavian could indicate that this group of Slavs once came from the same or closely related tribal group.
 
===Romanized Slavs===
 
===Romanized Slavs===
 
The new population of Narentines Slavs invaded and then probably settled in the centre of the island. They spoke old Slavic '''Chakavian''' which is the language of the old medieval Croatian Dukes (Latin: "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit" c. 880 AD). The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation.  After the invasion of Slavic tribes, the region stabilised to a certain extent. The Byzantines and the ''Republic of Venice''  and others, started to exert a political, economic and culture influence over the region.
 
The new population of Narentines Slavs invaded and then probably settled in the centre of the island. They spoke old Slavic '''Chakavian''' which is the language of the old medieval Croatian Dukes (Latin: "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit" c. 880 AD). The centre of the island had its strategic qualities which allowed protection on all sides from attack by sea. It also had fertile land which allowed cultivation.  After the invasion of Slavic tribes, the region stabilised to a certain extent. The Byzantines and the ''Republic of Venice''  and others, started to exert a political, economic and culture influence over the region.
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There is archaeological evidence from '''16th century''' where the Croatian identity was starting to be used. Stone writings in Zavalatica are dedicated to events from 889 AD. It describes a clash between the Slavic population and the Venetian army. Marinko Gjivoje wrote about the find in 1972. The stone writings use: ''Hrvat Dalmatinac'' in its writings. ''Hrvat'' means Croat in Croatian.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/script.htm History-Korcula.net] Marko Marelic-S. Francisco-USA</ref>
 
There is archaeological evidence from '''16th century''' where the Croatian identity was starting to be used. Stone writings in Zavalatica are dedicated to events from 889 AD. It describes a clash between the Slavic population and the Venetian army. Marinko Gjivoje wrote about the find in 1972. The stone writings use: ''Hrvat Dalmatinac'' in its writings. ''Hrvat'' means Croat in Croatian.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/script.htm History-Korcula.net] Marko Marelic-S. Francisco-USA</ref>
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  −
==Korcula Originally a 'Dalmatian Latin' (Roman) Town==
  −
In this editors opinion to-days Korčula was originally a '''Dalmatian Latin''' (Roman) town - Corcyra. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the town was built in the early middle ages as a fortification against invading tribes. Later, in the middle ages it became a dual Latin (Romance) and Slavic town. With the arrival of Venetians it continued to evolve as such until the end of the Republic itself in 1797. The town's old centre is of Venetian construction <ref> Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911)</ref> and many have pointed out its similarities to Venetian architecture. Today we have surnames on the island that are not of Slavic origin, for example:
  −
* Izmaeli - originally de '''Ismael'''
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* Gabrijeliċ - originally '''Gabriel'''
  −
* Đunio - originally de '''Giunio'''
  −
* Bonguardo
  −
* Depolo
  −
* Sambrailo
  −
* Jakov Baničević - originally '''Jacobus Bannissius'''
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* Don Marko '''Bono''' of Žrnovo
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* D'Angelis
  −
* Sessa
  −
* Bernardi
  −
* Fabris <ref>The Building Technology by the Korčula Wooden Shipbuilding - School by Roko Markovina</ref>
  −
* Vidali - surname of a noble family from the 16th century. <ref>Korčula City and Island by Alena Fazinić, Stanka Kraljević & Milan Babić</ref>
  −
* Buskariol
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* Surjan (Ita: Surian, from the Middle East)
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[[File:85px-Coat of arms of Dalmatia crowned.svg.png|thumb|right|125px|Dalmatia's Coat of arms]]
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Statement by Croatian Historian Sime Peričić in which he mentions " colony of Italians" on the island:
  −
{{quote|
  −
  −
''It is true, then a small colony of Italians where in Sibenik, on the island of Korcula, Hvar and Vis, and other places of the province.''<ref>Concerning the Number of Italians/Pro-Italians in Dalmatia in the XIXth Century by Šime Peričić</ref>}}
  −
  −
We can safely assume that from the 13th century onwards there were '''two ethnic''' communities living on the island in the middle ages, one being descendants of the Roman Empire and the other being of Slavic descent. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. (p103)</ref><ref>Smiciklas, ''CD'' V, (p237); N. Klaic, ''Povijest Hrvata u Razvijenom'', (p130) {{quote|
  −
''In 1262 the Venetian praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent.'' }}</ref> Two languages, the Romance Latin language called ''Dalmatian'' and the old Slavic Chakavian language became the norm on the island. With time these languages started to overlap. The written language was [[Latin]]. The fact that Slavs from the then neighbouring [[Directory:Croatia|Kingdom of Croatia]] also spoke old Slavic Chakavian could indicate that this group of Slavs once came from the same or closely related tribal group.
  −
   
==Korcula Dialect a Record of History==
 
==Korcula Dialect a Record of History==
 
[[Korcula Dialect|Korčula Dialect]]  is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korčula in Croatia. It reflects a rich history of the island.  The language base of the Korčula dialect is '''Chakavian Croatian''' (it is also intermixed with Shtokavian). Korčula Dialect has remnants of Romance (Latin) Dalmatian within its dialect and have been referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has influences of Venetian. '''Defora''' in old Venetian means ''"from the outside"''.
 
[[Korcula Dialect|Korčula Dialect]]  is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korčula in Croatia. It reflects a rich history of the island.  The language base of the Korčula dialect is '''Chakavian Croatian''' (it is also intermixed with Shtokavian). Korčula Dialect has remnants of Romance (Latin) Dalmatian within its dialect and have been referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has influences of Venetian. '''Defora''' in old Venetian means ''"from the outside"''.
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'''Encyclopedia Britannica''' on Romance Dalmatian: {{quote|
 
'''Encyclopedia Britannica''' on Romance Dalmatian: {{quote|
 
''Romance language formerly spoken along the Dalmatian coast from the island of Veglia (modern Krk) to Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik). Ragusan Dalmatian probably disappeared in the 17th century. The Vegliot Dalmatian dialect became extinct in the 19th century''.}}
 
''Romance language formerly spoken along the Dalmatian coast from the island of Veglia (modern Krk) to Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik). Ragusan Dalmatian probably disappeared in the 17th century. The Vegliot Dalmatian dialect became extinct in the 19th century''.}}
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====Regarding the Shtokavian====
 
====Regarding the Shtokavian====
 
Regarding the Shtokavian dialect below taken from-[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan: {{quote|
 
Regarding the Shtokavian dialect below taken from-[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan: {{quote|
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If the translation of the [[Defence of Korcula|Defence of Korčula]] 
from Ottoman Turkish attack in 1571, originally written by Antun (Antonio) Rozanovic is ''untainted'', we can see that the majority of the defenders of the island were by 1571 of Slavic decent. If we use this as a reference then from the mid 16th century onwards the majority of Korčula's population was indeed of Slavic origins.
 
If the translation of the [[Defence of Korcula|Defence of Korčula]] 
from Ottoman Turkish attack in 1571, originally written by Antun (Antonio) Rozanovic is ''untainted'', we can see that the majority of the defenders of the island were by 1571 of Slavic decent. If we use this as a reference then from the mid 16th century onwards the majority of Korčula's population was indeed of Slavic origins.
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== Summary - Historic Classifies of Korcula==
 
== Summary - Historic Classifies of Korcula==
 
* The indigenous population of Korčula were Mesolithic and Neolithic peoples. Archaeological evidence has been found at ''Jakas Cave'' near the village of Žrnovo and on the west end of the island in a cave called Vela Spila. <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/26657 University of Zagreb:] Faculty of Philosophy
 
* The indigenous population of Korčula were Mesolithic and Neolithic peoples. Archaeological evidence has been found at ''Jakas Cave'' near the village of Žrnovo and on the west end of the island in a cave called Vela Spila. <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/26657 University of Zagreb:] Faculty of Philosophy
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*Zmaic (Zmaic, Zmaich, Smaich)
 
*Zmaic (Zmaic, Zmaich, Smaich)
 
{{col-end}}
 
{{col-end}}
 +
===Plus, surnames on the island that are not of Slavic origin===
 +
for example:
 +
* Izmaeli - originally de '''Ismael'''
 +
* Gabrijeliċ - originally '''Gabriel'''
 +
* Đunio - originally de '''Giunio'''
 +
* Bonguardo
 +
* Depolo
 +
* Sambrailo
 +
* Jakov Baničević - originally '''Jacobus Bannissius'''
 +
* Don Marko '''Bono''' of Žrnovo
 +
* D'Angelis
 +
* Sessa
 +
* Bernardi
 +
* Fabris <ref>The Building Technology by the Korčula Wooden Shipbuilding - School by Roko Markovina</ref>
 +
* Vidali - surname of a noble family from the 16th century. <ref>Korčula City and Island by Alena Fazinić, Stanka Kraljević & Milan Babić</ref>
 +
* Buskariol
 +
* Surjan (Ita: Surian, from the Middle East)
 +
* Zuvela
 +
[[File:85px-Coat of arms of Dalmatia crowned.svg.png|thumb|right|125px|Dalmatia's Coat of arms]]
 +
Statement by Croatian Historian Sime Peričić in which he mentions " colony of Italians" on the island:
 +
{{quote|
    +
''It is true, then a small colony of Italians where in Sibenik, on the island of Korcula, Hvar and Vis, and other places of the province.''<ref>Concerning the Number of Italians/Pro-Italians in Dalmatia in the XIXth Century by Šime Peričić</ref>}}
 
'''Above''' taken from [http://www.croatia-in-english.com/gen/Kor-names.html www.croatia-in-english.com Korcula names-Tom Ninkovich].
 
'''Above''' taken from [http://www.croatia-in-english.com/gen/Kor-names.html www.croatia-in-english.com Korcula names-Tom Ninkovich].
 
==Chronology-Korcula Languages==
 
==Chronology-Korcula Languages==
Peter Z.
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