Changes

== Language evolution on the island (just a theory) ==

== Language evolution on the island (just a theory) ==

Language spoken on the island up to becoming part of the Republic of Venice (1420) was the  - '''Dalmatian''' (Romance language) and '''Slavic''' - Chakavian  (Old Croatian). Written language was [[Latin]]. Post 1420 Venetian became ''Lingua franca'' on the island.

Language spoken on the island up to becoming part of the Republic of Venice (1420) was the  - '''Dalmatian''' (Romance language) and '''Slavic''' - Chakavian  (Old Croatian). Written language was [[Latin]]. Post 1420 Venetian became ''Lingua franca'' on the island.

Quote from ''"The Land of 1000 Islands"'' by Igor Rudan:

Quote from ''"The Land of 1000 Islands"'' by Igor Rudan:

{{Cquote| However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, '''Korcula''', and Pag <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan </ref>}}

{{Cquote| However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, '''Korcula''', and Pag UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000021-QINU}}

The new arrivals  to the island who were predominately Slavic (Shtokavian) speakers and must have put the Slavic speaks (Old Croatian Slavic - Chakavian '''+''' Slavic - Shtokavian) on the island in a '''majority'''. Interesting today Croatians and Serbs share this dialect. Venetian was still ''Lingua franca'' on the island and must have replaced Latin as the official written language.

The new arrivals  to the island who were predominately Slavic (Shtokavian) speakers and must have put the Slavic speaks (Old Croatian Slavic - Chakavian '''+''' Slavic - Shtokavian) on the island in a '''majority'''. Interesting today Croatians and Serbs share this dialect. Venetian was still ''Lingua franca'' on the island and must have replaced Latin as the official written language.

=== VKokielov ===

=== VKokielov ===

{{Cquote|'''Croatian''' is a South Slavic language spoken in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring countries, as well as by the Croatian Diaspora worldwide. Linguists have called it a form of Serbo-Croatian language <ref>E.C. Hawkesworth, "Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian Linguistic Complex", in the ''Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics'', 2nd edition, 2006.</ref>, using the term invented by the ''Illyrian movement'' to underscore the grammatical and lexical closeness of the three standard languages across the shtokavian dialect area of speech; the same term was adopted by the federal Yugoslav government.  Notwithstanding this, the name ''Serbo-Croatian'' was not, in general, heard from shtokavian speakers. The two archaic Slavic dialects traditionally and perhaps arbitrarily ascribed to Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialect are exclusively Croatian.  It may be noted that these dialects once spanned a broader area; chakavian was spoken throughout Istria and Dalmatia and kajkavian reached from Zagorje out to Zagreb.  But since the Turkish invasion five hundred years ago, shtokavian speakers have been moving west, displacing by various degrees the old speech.

{{Cquote|'''Croatian''' is a South Slavic language spoken in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring countries, as well as by the Croatian Diaspora worldwide. Linguists have called it a form of Serbo-Croatian language UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000022-QINU, using the term invented by the ''Illyrian movement'' to underscore the grammatical and lexical closeness of the three standard languages across the shtokavian dialect area of speech; the same term was adopted by the federal Yugoslav government.  Notwithstanding this, the name ''Serbo-Croatian'' was not, in general, heard from shtokavian speakers. The two archaic Slavic dialects traditionally and perhaps arbitrarily ascribed to Serbo-Croatian, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialect are exclusively Croatian.  It may be noted that these dialects once spanned a broader area; chakavian was spoken throughout Istria and Dalmatia and kajkavian reached from Zagorje out to Zagreb.  But since the Turkish invasion five hundred years ago, shtokavian speakers have been moving west, displacing by various degrees the old speech.

The south Slavic linguistic question is brittle and complex.  The bloody, destructive wars of the 1990s put an end for good to the Illyrian idea of a Serbian-Croatian nation (together with the Bosniaks, whom the Illyrians called Serbs or Croats converted to Islam), and with it to the notion of a unitary language. Croatian is written in Gaj's Latin alphabet, based on Czech.<ref>http://www.library.yale.edu/slavic/croatia/dictionary/</ref> The same alphabet is used for Bosnian and Serbian. Statement by VKokielov (Wikipedia)}}

The south Slavic linguistic question is brittle and complex.  The bloody, destructive wars of the 1990s put an end for good to the Illyrian idea of a Serbian-Croatian nation (together with the Bosniaks, whom the Illyrians called Serbs or Croats converted to Islam), and with it to the notion of a unitary language. Croatian is written in Gaj's Latin alphabet, based on Czech.UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000023-QINU The same alphabet is used for Bosnian and Serbian. Statement by VKokielov (Wikipedia)}}

* I ''like'' this! [[User:Peter Z.|Peter Z.]] 15:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)  

* I ''like'' this! [[User:Peter Z.|Peter Z.]] 15:08, 6 October 2010 (UTC)  

It was in this historical environment that the standardise language arrived (Serbo-Croatian) or it could be said '''enforced''' by governments. Thanks to the old Yugoslav and Austro-Hungarian education system communities now in the region started be influenced by standardise language. It is interesting that the issue of certain ''Croatian Dialects'' how little is mention of the non Slavic words that are present in there vocabulary i.e. Korcula Dialects.

It was in this historical environment that the standardise language arrived (Serbo-Croatian) or it could be said '''enforced''' by governments. Thanks to the old Yugoslav and Austro-Hungarian education system communities now in the region started be influenced by standardise language. It is interesting that the issue of certain ''Croatian Dialects'' how little is mention of the non Slavic words that are present in there vocabulary i.e. Korcula Dialects.

After the '''Napoleonic Wars''' the political situation stated to change and one of them was the nationalistic movement of the 19th century. In the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the  Austro-Hungarian Empire a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia (also part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The Austrians in the 1860s started to introduce within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as '''Illirski'''.<ref> Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (an 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian. October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875)

After the '''Napoleonic Wars''' the political situation stated to change and one of them was the nationalistic movement of the 19th century. In the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the  Austro-Hungarian Empire a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia (also part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The Austrians in the 1860s started to introduce within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as '''Illirski'''.UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000024-QINU It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000025-QINU

*He too referred to the Dalmatian Slavic dialect as Illirskee. Cited from [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=Statute+of+Curzola+korcula&hl=en&ei=ZAtdTJ7lF5ivcI-m3NsO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=naski&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina] by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. (p33)</ref> It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. <ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (in Croatian-p8)

The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed. Note below: {{Cquote|''Robert Greenberg, the foremost English-language scholar on South Slav languages, believes the root of the language polemic lies in the Vienna agreement of 1850, which “reversed several centuries of natural Abstand developments for the languages of Orthodox Southern Slavs and Catholic Southern Slavs.” (Greenberg 2004, 23) Croatians and Serbians came to the negotiating table with differing experiences. Serbian linguists were standardizing a single dialect of rural speech and breaking with the archaic Slaveno-Serbian heritage of the eighteenth century “Serbian enlightenment.” Early [[Croatia|Croat]] nationalists proposed a standard language based on a widely spoken dialect linked with the literature of the Croatian Renaissance. With an eye towards South Slav unity they also encouraged liberal borrowing from various dialects (Greenberg 2004, 24-26). This basic difference in approach created conflicts throughout the history of the South Slav movement and the Yugoslav state (Greenberg 2004, 48).'' UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000026-QINU}}

 

The process of creating a standardised Croatian language was incomplete. This is reflected in its labelling of the language as Croatian, Croatian-Serbo and the very unpopular Serbo-Croatian. This was a fundamental mistake made when political extremist ideology influenced decision-making regarding language and culture. It was an attempt at imitating Western imperial empire building egotism (a super Southern Slav State), which failed. Note below: {{Cquote|''Robert Greenberg, the foremost English-language scholar on South Slav languages, believes the root of the language polemic lies in the Vienna agreement of 1850, which “reversed several centuries of natural Abstand developments for the languages of Orthodox Southern Slavs and Catholic Southern Slavs.” (Greenberg 2004, 23) Croatians and Serbians came to the negotiating table with differing experiences. Serbian linguists were standardizing a single dialect of rural speech and breaking with the archaic Slaveno-Serbian heritage of the eighteenth century “Serbian enlightenment.” Early [[Croatia|Croat]] nationalists proposed a standard language based on a widely spoken dialect linked with the literature of the Croatian Renaissance. With an eye towards South Slav unity they also encouraged liberal borrowing from various dialects (Greenberg 2004, 24-26). This basic difference in approach created conflicts throughout the history of the South Slav movement and the Yugoslav state (Greenberg 2004, 48).'' <ref>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:W0qJaxFWySwJ:sdsu-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10211.10/1223/Young_Mitchell.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1+In+1850,+a+small+group+of+Croatians+(Illyrian+movement)+and+Serbian+representatives+signed+the+%22Vienna+agreement%22.+This+agreement+was+indeed+the+basis+and+the+start+of+the+regions+problems.&hl=en&gl=au&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiUqvX7PsU9eqoabBdAydnIJGhg51U28ot5XwTzQZDbK7bH-BgJ7fyGBN9H9SdJKGMzWprhDP9eE2AKI1AGvDD_AiTJpS-r-wJ6t_SQ-Vnzab_0q8mnDaQRty_pi92eS6e8YnzW&sig=AHIEtbSXRBZ8GEgv-6ybIMgyJPm3G06yBw LANGUAGE AND NATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CROATIAN LINGUISTIC NATIONALISM - A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of San Diego State (p43)]

</ref>}}

   

   

A process of [[Croatisation]] of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.

A process of [[Croatisation]] of the Republic of Ragusa's history began in the 19th century and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in Italian and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}</ref>). One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić<ref>[http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=bks&q=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&btnG=Search&oq=Ivan+Gundulić+Osman+Dubrovnik+by+Bariša+Krekić&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=112466l114859l0l116566l2l2l0l0l0l0l820l820l6-1l1l0 Dubrovnik] by Bariša Krekić ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic, 1589 — 1638, are the best testimony to this. His epic "Osman" ranks among the greatest masterpieces of early Slavic literature, and also among the most ..."''</ref>

Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in Italian and Slavic (today referred to as CroatianUNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000027-QINU). One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša KrekićUNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-ref-00000028-QINU

The '''first''' primary source mention of the Croatian identity in the Balkans was Dux Cruatorum Branimero ''or'' Prince Branimir inscription, c.''' 880''' AD from town of Nin-Croatia (Old Dalmatia).  In 1853 a Russian archaeologist Pavel Mikhailovich Leontjev discovered the ''Tanais Tablets''. The Tanais Tablets mention three men: Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος). They are written in Greek and are from the '''3rd century''' AD from the city of Tanais, today's Azov, Russia. At that time it had mixed Greek - Sarmatian (Iranian) population.  

The '''first''' primary source mention of the Croatian identity in the Balkans was Dux Cruatorum Branimero ''or'' Prince Branimir inscription, c.''' 880''' AD from town of Nin-Croatia (Old Dalmatia).  In 1853 a Russian archaeologist Pavel Mikhailovich Leontjev discovered the ''Tanais Tablets''. The Tanais Tablets mention three men: Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος). They are written in Greek and are from the '''3rd century''' AD from the city of Tanais, today's Azov, Russia. At that time it had mixed Greek - Sarmatian (Iranian) population.  

== References ==

== References ==

<references/>

UNIQ70ec0aadb4417dbf-references-00000029-QINU