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'''Important note:''' ''Karl Nagel & Co., LLC does not own copyright on  Centiare non-[[Directory namespace|Directory]] '''("ND")''' article texts and illustrations. It is therefore useless to email our contact addresses asking for permission to reproduce content.''

'''Important note:''' ''Karl Nagel & Co., LLC does not own copyright on  Centiare non-[[Directory namespace|Directory]] '''("ND")''' article texts and illustrations. It is therefore useless to email our contact addresses asking for permission to reproduce content.''

The license [[Directory:Centiare]] uses grants free access to our ND content in the same sense as [[free software]] is licensed freely. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]'''. That is to say, Centiare ND content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''so long as'' the new version grants the same freedoms to others and acknowledges the authors of the Centiare article used (a direct link back to the article satisfies our author credit requirement).  Centiare ND articles therefore will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to certain restrictions, most of which serve to ensure that freedom.

The license [[Directory:Centiare|Centiare]] uses grants free access to our ND content in the same sense as [[free software]] is licensed freely. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]'''. That is to say, Centiare ND content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''so long as'' the new version grants the same freedoms to others and acknowledges the authors of the Centiare article used (a direct link back to the article satisfies our author credit requirement).  Centiare ND articles therefore will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to certain restrictions, most of which serve to ensure that freedom.

To fulfill the above goals, the text contained in Centiare is licensed to the public under the '''[[GNU Free Documentation License]]''' (GFDL). The full text of this license is at [[Centiare:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License]]. This text should not be changed due to legal reasons.

To fulfill the above goals, the text contained in Centiare is licensed to the public under the '''[[GNU Free Documentation License]]''' (GFDL). The full text of this license is at [[Centiare:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License]]. This text should not be changed due to legal reasons.

== Contributors' rights and obligations ==

== Contributors' rights and obligations ==

If you contribute material to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public

If you contribute ND material to Centiare, you thereby license it to the public

under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover

under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover

texts).

texts).

=== Using copyrighted work from others ===

=== Using copyrighted work from others ===

All works are copyrighted unless they either fall into the [[Wikipedia:Public domain|public domain]] or their copyright is explicitly disclaimed.  If you use part of a copyrighted work under "[[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]]", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL.  

All works are copyrighted unless they either fall into the [[Centiare:Public domain|public domain]] or their copyright is explicitly disclaimed.  If you use part of a copyrighted work under "[[Centiare:Fair use|fair use]]", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Centiare's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See [[Centiare:Boilerplate request for permission]] for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL.  

Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself.

Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself.

Note that copyright law governs the ''creative expression'' of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves.  Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia.  However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference.  See [[plagiarism]] and [[fair use]] for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context.

Note that copyright law governs the ''creative expression'' of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves.  Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Centiare.  However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference.  See [[plagiarism]] and [[fair use]] for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context.

=== Linking to copyrighted works ===

=== Linking to copyrighted works ===

Since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any Wikipedia article which [[Wikipedia:Cite sources|cites its sources]] will link to copyrighted material. It is not necessary to obtain the permission of a copyright holder before linking to copyrighted material -- just as an author of a book does not need permission to cite someone else's work in their [[bibliography]]. Likewise, Wikipedia is not restricted to linking only to GFDL-free or open-source content.

Since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any Centiare article which [[Centiare:Cite sources|cites its sources]] will link to copyrighted material. It is not necessary to obtain the permission of a copyright holder before linking to copyrighted material -- just as an author of a book does not need permission to cite someone else's work in their [[bibliography]]. Likewise, Centiare is not restricted to linking only to GFDL-free or open-source content.

If you know that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, please don't link to that copy of the work. Knowingly and intentionally directing others to a site that violates copyright has been considered a form of [[contributory infringement]] in the United States ([http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/cjoyce/copyright/release10/IntRes.html Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry]).

If you know that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, please don't link to that copy of the work. Knowingly and intentionally directing others to a site that violates copyright has been considered a form of [[contributory infringement]] in the United States ([http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/cjoyce/copyright/release10/IntRes.html Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry]).

Also, linking to a page that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on Wikipedia and its editors. If the site in question is making [[fair use]] of the material, linking is fine.

Also, linking to a page that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on Centiare and its editors. If the site in question is making [[fair use]] of the material, linking is fine.

=== If you find a copyright infringement ===

=== If you find a copyright infringement ===

If you suspect a copyright infringement, you should at the very least bring up the issue on that page's [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a [[URL]] or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text.

If you suspect a copyright infringement, you should at the very least bring up the issue on that page's [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a [[URL]] or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text.

Some cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text that is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under the GFDL. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the Web that was copied from Wikipedia. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future.

Some cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text that is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under the GFDL. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the Web that was copied from Centiare. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future.

If some of the content of a page really is an infringement, then the infringing content should be removed, and a note to that effect should be made on the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored.

If some of the content of a page really is an infringement, then the infringing content should be removed, and a note to that effect should be made on the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored.

If ''all'' of the content of a page is a suspected copyright infringement, then the page should be listed on [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] and the content of the page replaced by the standard notice which you can find there. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement, then it may be deleted following the procedures on the votes page.

If ''all'' of the content of a page is a suspected copyright infringement, then the page should be listed on [[Centiare:Copyright problems]] and the content of the page replaced by the standard notice which you can find there. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement, then it may be deleted following the procedures on the votes page.

In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project.

In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project.

=== Image guidelines ===

=== Image guidelines ===

Images and photographs, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]].  Someone holds the copyright unless they have been explicitly placed in the [[Wikipedia:Public domain|public domain]].  Images on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf.  In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow a photograph to be used.

Images and photographs, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]].  Someone holds the copyright unless they have been explicitly placed in the [[Centiare:Public domain|public domain]].  Images on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf.  In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow a photograph to be used.

Image description pages must be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. Untagged or incorrectly-tagged images will be deleted. It is currently unclear what should happen in cases where the same image has been uploaded more than once with different respective copyright statements.

Image description pages must be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Centiare:Image copyright tags]]. Untagged or incorrectly-tagged images will be deleted. It is currently unclear what should happen in cases where the same image has been uploaded more than once with different respective copyright statements.

==== U.S. government photographs ====

==== U.S. government photographs ====