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==POLA. Philosophy Of Logical Atomism==
 
==POLA. Philosophy Of Logical Atomism==
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<pre>
+
I am going to collect here a number of excerpts from the papers that Bertrand Russell wrote in the years 1910&ndash;1920, my interest being focused on the logical characters of belief and knowledgeI will take the liberty of breaking up some of Russell's longer paragraphs in whatever fashion serves to facilitate their study.
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POLANote 1
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I am going to collect here a number of excerpts from the papers
+
===POLA. Note 1===
that Bertrand Russell wrote in the years 1910-1920, my interest
  −
being focused on the logical characters of belief and knowledge.
  −
I will take the liberty of breaking up some of Russell's longer
  −
paragraphs in whatever fashion serves to facilitate their study.
     −
| The Philosophy of Logical Atomism (1918)
+
{| align="center" width="90%"
|
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| The following [is the text] of a course of eight lectures delivered in
  −
| [Gordon Square] London, in the first months of 1918, [which] are very
  −
| largely concerned with explaining certain ideas which I learnt from
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| my friend and former pupil Ludwig Wittgenstein.  I have had no
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| opportunity of knowing his views since August 1914, and I do
  −
| not even know whether he is alive or dead.  He has therefore
  −
| no responsibility for what is said in these lectures beyond
  −
| that of having originally supplied many of the theories
  −
| contained in them.
   
|
 
|
| Russell, POLA, p. 35.
+
<p>The Philosophy of Logical Atomism (1918)</p>
|
  −
| Bertrand Russell, "The Philosophy of Logical Atomism", pp. 35-155
  −
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
  −
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
     −
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<p>The following [is the text] of a course of eight lectures delivered in [Gordon Square] London, in the first months of 1918, [which] are very largely concerned with explaining certain ideas which I learnt from my friend and former pupil Ludwig Wittgenstein.  I have had no opportunity of knowing his views since August 1914, and I do not even know whether he is alive or dead.  He has therefore no responsibility for what is said in these lectures beyond that of having originally supplied many of the theories contained in them.  (Russell, POLA, p.&nbsp;35).</p>
 +
|}
   −
POLANote 2
+
<p>Bertrand Russell, &ldquo;The Philosophy of Logical Atomism&rdquo;, pp.&nbsp;35&ndash;155 in ''The Philosophy of Logical Atomism'', edited with an introduction by David Pears, Open Court, La&nbsp;Salle, IL, 1985First published 1918.</p>
   −
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===POLA. Note 2===
    +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions
 
|
 
|
Line 3,984: Line 3,963:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
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===POLA. Note 3===
 
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POLA. Note 3
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,007: Line 3,984:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
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===POLA. Note 4===
 
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POLA. Note 4
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  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,054: Line 4,029:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
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===POLA. Note 5===
 
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POLA. Note 5
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,102: Line 4,075:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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===POLA. Note 6===
 
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POLA. Note 6
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,135: Line 4,106:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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===POLA. Note 7===
 
  −
POLA. Note 7
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,169: Line 4,138:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
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===POLA. Note 8===
 
  −
POLA. Note 8
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,233: Line 4,200:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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===POLA. Note 9===
 
  −
POLA. Note 9
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,268: Line 4,233:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 10===
 
  −
POLA. Note 10
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,342: Line 4,305:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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===POLA. Note 11===
 
  −
POLA. Note 11
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,378: Line 4,339:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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===POLA. Note 12===
 
  −
POLA. Note 12
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,431: Line 4,390:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 13===
 
  −
POLA. Note 13
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (concl.)
 
| 1.  Facts and Propositions (concl.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,474: Line 4,431:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 14===
 
  −
POLA. Note 14
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc.
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc.
 
|
 
|
Line 4,505: Line 4,460:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 15===
 
  −
POLA. Note 15
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc. (cont.)
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc. (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,538: Line 4,491:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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===POLA. Note 16===
 
  −
POLA. Note 16
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc. (cont.)
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc. (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,574: Line 4,525:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
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===POLA. Note 17===
 
  −
POLA. Note 17
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc. (cont.)
 
| 4.  Propositions and Facts with More than One Verb:  Beliefs, Etc. (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,632: Line 4,581:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 18===
 
  −
POLA. Note 18
  −
 
  −
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      +
<pre>
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts?
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts?
 
|
 
|
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| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 19===
 
  −
POLA. Note 19
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (cont.)
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,719: Line 4,664:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 20===
 
  −
POLA. Note 20
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (cont.)
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,767: Line 4,710:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 21===
 
  −
POLA. Note 21
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (cont.)
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,837: Line 4,778:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 22===
 
  −
POLA. Note 22
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (concl.)
 
| 4.1.  Are Beliefs, Etc., Irreducible Facts? (concl.)
 
|
 
|
Line 4,900: Line 4,839:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 23===
 
  −
POLA. Note 23
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.2.  What is the Status of 'p' in "I believe 'p'"?
 
| 4.2.  What is the Status of 'p' in "I believe 'p'"?
 
|
 
|
Line 4,972: Line 4,909:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 24===
 
  −
POLA. Note 24
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.2.  What is the Status of 'p' in "I believe 'p'"? (concl.)
 
| 4.2.  What is the Status of 'p' in "I believe 'p'"? (concl.)
 
|
 
|
Line 5,018: Line 4,953:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 25===
 
  −
POLA. Note 25
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.3.  How shall we describe the logical form of a belief?
 
| 4.3.  How shall we describe the logical form of a belief?
 
|
 
|
Line 5,104: Line 5,037:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 26===
 
  −
POLA. Note 26
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.3.  How shall we describe the logical form of a belief? (cont.)
 
| 4.3.  How shall we describe the logical form of a belief? (cont.)
 
|
 
|
Line 5,141: Line 5,072:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 27===
 
  −
POLA. Note 27
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.3.  How shall we describe the logical form of a belief? (concl.)
 
| 4.3.  How shall we describe the logical form of a belief? (concl.)
 
|
 
|
Line 5,178: Line 5,107:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 28===
 
  −
POLA. Note 28
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.4.  The Question of Nomenclature
 
| 4.4.  The Question of Nomenclature
 
|
 
|
Line 5,216: Line 5,143:  
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| in 'The Philosophy of Logical Atomism', edited with an introduction
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 
| by David Pears, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.  First published 1918.
 +
</pre>
   −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
+
===POLA. Note 29===
 
  −
POLA. Note 29
  −
 
  −
o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~o
      +
<pre>
 
| 4.4.  The Question of Nomenclature (concl.)
 
| 4.4.  The Question of Nomenclature (concl.)
 
|
 
|
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