Changes

'''Dalmatian Italians''' are a historical national minority in the region of Dalmatia which is now predominately part of [[Croatia]].  

'''Dalmatian Italians''' are a historical national minority in the region of Dalmatia which is now predominately part of [[Croatia]].  

When [[Austria]] occupied ''Republic of Venice's''  region of Dalmatia in '''1815''' the Venetian (Italian) population made up, (''according'' to the Italian linguist Bartoli) nearly one third of Dalmatia in the first half of the 19th century. The 1816 Austro-Hungarian census registered 66 000 Italian speaking people among the 301 000 inhabitants of the Kingdom of Dalmatia, or 22% of the total Dalmatian population. After [[World War II]], the Dalmatian Italian population was reduced to 300 in Dalmatia and 500 in Montenegro. <ref> Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, Volume 3 by Dinah Shelton Macmillan Reference, 2005 - Political Science (p.1170)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia|title="Yugoslavia." Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 24 Nov, 2010 |date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-25}}

When [[Austria]] occupied ''Republic of Venice's''  region of Dalmatia in '''1815''' the Venetian (Italian) population made up, (''according'' to the Italian linguist Bartoli) nearly one third of Dalmatia in the first half of the 19th century. The 1816 Austro-Hungarian census registered 66 000 Italian speaking people among the 301 000 inhabitants of the Kingdom of Dalmatia, or 22% of the total Dalmatian population. After [[World War II]], the Dalmatian Italian population was reduced to 300 in Dalmatia and 500 in Montenegro. <ref> Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, Volume 3 by Dinah Shelton Macmillan Reference, 2005 - Political Science (p.1170)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia|title="Yugoslavia." Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 24 Nov, 2010 |date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-25 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia |archivedate=2012-09-21}}

* "Native German and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people—half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia—fled in 1945, and many who remained were compelled to do forced labor, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 '''ethnic Italians''' fled to [[Italy]] in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)"</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5s-Iqn0YxnQC&pg=PA77&dq=Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=Tps9Tb6wNY35cbTZmYUH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Foibe%20massacres&f=false The Frontiers of Europe] ''by'' Malcolm Anderson & Eberhard Bort (p77)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=da6acnbbEpAC&pg=PA155&dq=History+in+Exile:+Memory+and+Identity+at+the+Borders+of+the+Balkans++++++++++Foibe+massacres+the+Balkans&hl=en&ei=THOSTemTF8X4cZfDuIkH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false History in Exile:] Memory and Identity at the Borders of the Balkans by Pamela Ballinger (p155)</ref>

* "Native German and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people—half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia—fled in 1945, and many who remained were compelled to do forced labor, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 '''ethnic Italians''' fled to [[Italy]] in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)"</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=5s-Iqn0YxnQC&pg=PA77&dq=Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=Tps9Tb6wNY35cbTZmYUH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Foibe%20massacres&f=false The Frontiers of Europe] ''by'' Malcolm Anderson & Eberhard Bort (p77)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=da6acnbbEpAC&pg=PA155&dq=History+in+Exile:+Memory+and+Identity+at+the+Borders+of+the+Balkans++++++++++Foibe+massacres+the+Balkans&hl=en&ei=THOSTemTF8X4cZfDuIkH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false History in Exile:] Memory and Identity at the Borders of the Balkans by Pamela Ballinger (p155)</ref>

The statement below comes from a book called ''Dalmatia'' (History, Culture, Art Heritage) written by Antun Travirka: {{Cquote|''By the 14th century the city had become wholly Croatian''  <ref>Dalmatia (History, Culture, Art Heritage) by Antun Travirka (p137)</ref>}}

The statement below comes from a book called ''Dalmatia'' (History, Culture, Art Heritage) written by Antun Travirka: {{Cquote|''By the 14th century the city had become wholly Croatian''  <ref>Dalmatia (History, Culture, Art Heritage) by Antun Travirka (p137)</ref>}}

The book itself is primarily for the [[Croatia|Croatian]] tourist market and is easily available in several languages in all major bookstores within Croatia.<ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD). Branimir was a Slav from Dalmatia. Hrvat or ''Horoúathos'' are names of '''Sarmatian''' origins. In 1853 a Russian archaeologist ''Pavel Mikhailovich Leontjev'' discovered the Tanais Tablets. The Tanais Tablets mention three men:  Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος). They are written in [[Greece|Greek]] and are from the 3rd century AD from the city of Tanais, today's Azov, Russia. At that time the region had a mixed Greek - Sarmatian population. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (cia. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in Latin it was written Sclaveni. Slavic tribes invaded the region of''' Roman Dalmatia''' in the early Middle Ages. Prior to the arrival of the Slavs, Roman Dalmatia was mainly inhabited by a '''Roman Latin-Illyrian''' population.</ref> This quote is on page 137 and it’s referring to the ''Republic of Ragusa''. The old Republic of Ragusa (with it's famous city Dubrovnik) <ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143561/Croatia|title="Croatia." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 09 Mar. 2011.|date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}</ref><ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Ragusa,_Austria Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911):]</ref> is now within the borders of the modern Croatia. This monolithic description is an outright lie and it’s a form of cultural genocide (the crucial word is '''''wholly''''').  Additionally the book did not even use the term Republic of Ragusa (the closest that it got to this was ''RESPUBLICA RAGUSINA'' on page 141),<ref>Dalmatia (History, Culture, Art Heritage) by Antun Travirka (p141)</ref> which was used for more than a '''millennium'''. The statement is biased ultra-nationalistic propaganda and is not based on fact.

The book itself is primarily for the [[Croatia|Croatian]] tourist market and is easily available in several languages in all major bookstores within Croatia.<ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD). Branimir was a Slav from Dalmatia. Hrvat or ''Horoúathos'' are names of '''Sarmatian''' origins. In 1853 a Russian archaeologist ''Pavel Mikhailovich Leontjev'' discovered the Tanais Tablets. The Tanais Tablets mention three men:  Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος). They are written in [[Greece|Greek]] and are from the 3rd century AD from the city of Tanais, today's Azov, Russia. At that time the region had a mixed Greek - Sarmatian population. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (cia. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in Latin it was written Sclaveni. Slavic tribes invaded the region of''' Roman Dalmatia''' in the early Middle Ages. Prior to the arrival of the Slavs, Roman Dalmatia was mainly inhabited by a '''Roman Latin-Illyrian''' population.</ref> This quote is on page 137 and it’s referring to the ''Republic of Ragusa''. The old Republic of Ragusa (with it's famous city Dubrovnik) <ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143561/Croatia|title="Croatia." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 09 Mar. 2011.|date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120524/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143561/Croatia |archivedate=2012-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Ragusa,_Austria |title=Encyclopaedia Britannica (publ. 1911): |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Ragusa,_Austria |archivedate=2012-09-21}}</ref> is now within the borders of the modern Croatia. This monolithic description is an outright lie and it’s a form of cultural genocide (the crucial word is '''''wholly''''').  Additionally the book did not even use the term Republic of Ragusa (the closest that it got to this was ''RESPUBLICA RAGUSINA'' on page 141),<ref>Dalmatia (History, Culture, Art Heritage) by Antun Travirka (p141)</ref> which was used for more than a '''millennium'''. The statement is biased ultra-nationalistic propaganda and is not based on fact.

*Statement made by the contemporary historian John Van Antwerp Fine (Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Michigan, [[USA]]): {{Cquote|''This is not surprising since the “Ragusans” identified themselves as Ragusans and not as Croats.''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA157&dq=When+Ethnicity+did+not+Matter+in+the+Balkans+call+themselves+ragusans&hl=en&ei=_WmHTa-ZAo_Bcc63hZcD&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=When%20Ethnicity%20did%20not%20Matter%20in%20the%20Balkans%20call%20themselves%20ragusans&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p157)</ref>}}

*Statement made by the contemporary historian John Van Antwerp Fine (Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Michigan, [[USA]]): {{Cquote|''This is not surprising since the “Ragusans” identified themselves as Ragusans and not as Croats.''<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=wEF5oN5erE0C&pg=PA157&dq=When+Ethnicity+did+not+Matter+in+the+Balkans+call+themselves+ragusans&hl=en&ei=_WmHTa-ZAo_Bcc63hZcD&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=When%20Ethnicity%20did%20not%20Matter%20in%20the%20Balkans%20call%20themselves%20ragusans&f=false When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine (p157)</ref>}}

The City State and then latter the Republic was set up by Roman Latin-Illyrian families and was a nation in its own right. It was also made up of many ethnic nationalities.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7RyKgdyV8VgC&pg=PA82&dq=orthodox+church++Dubrovnik&hl=en&ei=VEh2TZPoJsfJcb6kkYUF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CF8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20church%20%20Dubrovnik&f=false Croatia] by Michael Schuman (p82)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CaK6DeZXX7sC&pg=PA190&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=republic%20of%20ragusa%20dubrovnik%20jewish%20community&f=false Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World after 1492] By Alisa Meyuhas Ginio (p190)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RsoMAQAAMAAJ&q=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA  The Chicago Jewish forum, Volume 23] by Benjamin Weintroub (p271)</ref><ref> Footprint Croatia by Jane Foster</ref>  As a Maritime nation it traded all over the Mediterranean and even had trade with the Americas.

The City State and then latter the Republic was set up by Roman Latin-Illyrian families and was a nation in its own right. It was also made up of many ethnic nationalities.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7RyKgdyV8VgC&pg=PA82&dq=orthodox+church++Dubrovnik&hl=en&ei=VEh2TZPoJsfJcb6kkYUF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CF8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=orthodox%20church%20%20Dubrovnik&f=false Croatia] by Michael Schuman (p82)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CaK6DeZXX7sC&pg=PA190&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=republic%20of%20ragusa%20dubrovnik%20jewish%20community&f=false Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World after 1492] By Alisa Meyuhas Ginio (p190)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RsoMAQAAMAAJ&q=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA  The Chicago Jewish forum, Volume 23] by Benjamin Weintroub (p271)</ref><ref> Footprint Croatia by Jane Foster</ref>  As a Maritime nation it traded all over the Mediterranean and even had trade with the Americas.

* "In chapters 29 and 30, two similar accounts are given for the fall of nearby Salona to the Avars and Slavs ..."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA5&dq=Roman+empire+Dalmatia+slavs&hl=en&ei=H6bpTNqiDcyHcZyF9aEK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Roman%20empire%20Dalmatia%20slavs&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia:] From Italian Unification to World War One by Luciano Monzali (p5)</ref> invaded and plundered Byzantine-Roman Dalmatia. This eventually led to the settlement of different Slavic tribes in the Balkans. Modern scholarly research now puts the time of the ''settlement'' of the Slavic tribes in the region to be much later.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA212&dq=immigration+Slav+groups+in+Dalmatia+Danijel+Dzino&hl=en&ei=ONB2Tf7SA4vevQOYybjLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p212).</ref>  Archaeological evidence found in the old Roman city of ''Salon'' and in particular the artefacts found at the'' Old Croatian'' grave sites in Dalmatia (during recent excavations) <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA52&dq=croatian+graves+medieval+dalmatian+dating&hl=en&ei=LA6HTan-IsGHcYbf3Y4D&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p52).</ref>  seems to confirm this. Some historians have placed the arrival and '''settlement''' of Slavs in larger groups now  to be more in the region of the late 8th and early 9th century.

* "In chapters 29 and 30, two similar accounts are given for the fall of nearby Salona to the Avars and Slavs ..."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA5&dq=Roman+empire+Dalmatia+slavs&hl=en&ei=H6bpTNqiDcyHcZyF9aEK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Roman%20empire%20Dalmatia%20slavs&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia:] From Italian Unification to World War One by Luciano Monzali (p5)</ref> invaded and plundered Byzantine-Roman Dalmatia. This eventually led to the settlement of different Slavic tribes in the Balkans. Modern scholarly research now puts the time of the ''settlement'' of the Slavic tribes in the region to be much later.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA212&dq=immigration+Slav+groups+in+Dalmatia+Danijel+Dzino&hl=en&ei=ONB2Tf7SA4vevQOYybjLBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p212).</ref>  Archaeological evidence found in the old Roman city of ''Salon'' and in particular the artefacts found at the'' Old Croatian'' grave sites in Dalmatia (during recent excavations) <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC&pg=PA52&dq=croatian+graves+medieval+dalmatian+dating&hl=en&ei=LA6HTan-IsGHcYbf3Y4D&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat:] Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia by Danijel Dzino (p52).</ref>  seems to confirm this. Some historians have placed the arrival and '''settlement''' of Slavs in larger groups now  to be more in the region of the late 8th and early 9th century.

The Roman population survived within the coastal cities,<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4Nv6SPRKqs8C&pg=PA269&dq=Roman+empire+Dalmatia+slavs&hl=en&ei=H6bpTNqiDcyHcZyF9aEK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Roman%20empire%20Dalmatia%20slavs&f=false The Illyrians] by John Wilkes (p269)</ref> in the inhospitable Dinaric Alps (these people were later known as "Morlachs" or Vlachs) and for a while on the islands. Many of the Dalmatian cities retained their Romanic culture and [[Latin]] language. Among these were Jadera (Zara/Zadar), Spalatum (Spalato/Split), Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Trau  (Trogir). These areas developed their own ''Vulgar Latin''  the Dalmatian language,<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmatian_language Dalmatian Language (Wikipedia)]</ref> a now extinct Romance language.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=29BAeKHwvuoC&pg=PA377&dq=Dalmatian+language+extinct+Romance+language&hl=en&ei=MKjpTL_aJs2ecdHXrNwK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Dalmatian%20language%20extinct%20Romance%20language&f=false Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe] by Glanville Price (p377)</ref> Many coastal cities and towns or the region (politically part of the Byzantine Empire) <ref>[http://www.jstor.org/pss/4204507 University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies] The Slavonic and East European Review-The Slavonic Latin Symbiosis in Dalmatia during the Middle Ages ''by'' Victor Novak</ref> maintained political, cultural and economic links with the [[Italy|Italian]] peninsula through the Adriatic sea. Communications with the mainland were difficult because of the Dinaric Alps. Due to the sharp orography <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Orography| title=Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911 Edition): Orography|date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-22}}

The Roman population survived within the coastal cities,<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4Nv6SPRKqs8C&pg=PA269&dq=Roman+empire+Dalmatia+slavs&hl=en&ei=H6bpTNqiDcyHcZyF9aEK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Roman%20empire%20Dalmatia%20slavs&f=false The Illyrians] by John Wilkes (p269)</ref> in the inhospitable Dinaric Alps (these people were later known as "Morlachs" or Vlachs) and for a while on the islands. Many of the Dalmatian cities retained their Romanic culture and [[Latin]] language. Among these were Jadera (Zara/Zadar), Spalatum (Spalato/Split), Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Trau  (Trogir). These areas developed their own ''Vulgar Latin''  the Dalmatian language,<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmatian_language Dalmatian Language (Wikipedia)]</ref> a now extinct Romance language.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=29BAeKHwvuoC&pg=PA377&dq=Dalmatian+language+extinct+Romance+language&hl=en&ei=MKjpTL_aJs2ecdHXrNwK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Dalmatian%20language%20extinct%20Romance%20language&f=false Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe] by Glanville Price (p377)</ref> Many coastal cities and towns or the region (politically part of the Byzantine Empire) <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/4204507 |title=University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://www.jstor.org/pss/4204507 |archivedate=2012-09-21}} The Slavonic and East European Review-The Slavonic Latin Symbiosis in Dalmatia during the Middle Ages ''by'' Victor Novak</ref> maintained political, cultural and economic links with the [[Italy|Italian]] peninsula through the Adriatic sea. Communications with the mainland were difficult because of the Dinaric Alps. Due to the sharp orography <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Orography| title=Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911 Edition): Orography|date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-22 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120719/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Orography |archivedate=2012-07-19}}

* "OROGRAPHY: That part of physical geography which deals with the geological formation, the surface features and description of mountains. The terms "oreography," "orology" and "oreology" are also sometimes used.</ref> of Dalmatia communications between the different Dalmatian cities occurred mainly through sea links. This helped Dalmatian cities to develop a unique Romance culture, despite the mostly Slavicized mainland. Political rule over the province often changed hands between the Republic of Venice and other regional powers, namely the Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Empire, the [[Directory:Croatia|Kingdom of Croatia]], and the Kingdom of [[Hungary]].

* "OROGRAPHY: That part of physical geography which deals with the geological formation, the surface features and description of mountains. The terms "oreography," "orology" and "oreology" are also sometimes used.</ref> of Dalmatia communications between the different Dalmatian cities occurred mainly through sea links. This helped Dalmatian cities to develop a unique Romance culture, despite the mostly Slavicized mainland. Political rule over the province often changed hands between the Republic of Venice and other regional powers, namely the Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Empire, the [[Directory:Croatia|Kingdom of Croatia]], and the Kingdom of [[Hungary]].

An example of the Venetian cultural and historical presence  can be seen in the small town of Perast (Perasto) in coastal Montenegro. Perast under the Republic of Venice (Albania Veneta), had four active shipyards and a fleet of around one hundred ships. Some of the buildings are ornate baroque palaces which resemble Venetian architecture.  

An example of the Venetian cultural and historical presence  can be seen in the small town of Perast (Perasto) in coastal Montenegro. Perast under the Republic of Venice (Albania Veneta), had four active shipyards and a fleet of around one hundred ships. Some of the buildings are ornate baroque palaces which resemble Venetian architecture.  

The sailors of Perast  were involved in the last battle of the Venetian navy, fought in Venice in 1797. After the fall of the Republic of Venetian (12/5/1797), Perast  was the last city of the Republic to lower the Venetian flag. On 22 August 1797 the Count Giuseppe Viscovich, Captain of Perast,  lowered the Venetian war-flag of the Lion of Saint Mark pronouncing the farewell words in front of the crying people of the city and then buried the "Gonfalon of Venice" under the altar of the main church within town of Perast.<ref>[http://www.discover-montenegro.com/perast.htm www.discover-montenegro.com/perast]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=B2LFRiT1nfYC&pg=PA311&dq=Giuseppe+Viscovich+Captain+of+Perasto&hl=en&ei=B3XfTfjUMYaavAPgkcDQBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Giuseppe%20Viscovich%20Captain%20of%20Perasto&f=false Venice and the Slavs:] The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment by Larry Wolff (p312-p313)</ref>

The sailors of Perast  were involved in the last battle of the Venetian navy, fought in Venice in 1797. After the fall of the Republic of Venetian (12/5/1797), Perast  was the last city of the Republic to lower the Venetian flag. On 22 August 1797 the Count Giuseppe Viscovich, Captain of Perast,  lowered the Venetian war-flag of the Lion of Saint Mark pronouncing the farewell words in front of the crying people of the city and then buried the "Gonfalon of Venice" under the altar of the main church within town of Perast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discover-montenegro.com/perast.htm |title=www.discover-montenegro.com/perast |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://www.discover-montenegro.com/perast.htm |archivedate=2012-09-21}}</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=B2LFRiT1nfYC&pg=PA311&dq=Giuseppe+Viscovich+Captain+of+Perasto&hl=en&ei=B3XfTfjUMYaavAPgkcDQBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Giuseppe%20Viscovich%20Captain%20of%20Perasto&f=false Venice and the Slavs:] The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment by Larry Wolff (p312-p313)</ref>

The population decreased to 430 in 1910. According to the "Comunita' nazionale italiana del Montenegro", in Perast there are people who's local dialect have remnants of the original Venetian dialect of Perast called ''"Veneto da mar"''.

The population decreased to 430 in 1910. According to the "Comunita' nazionale italiana del Montenegro", in Perast there are people who's local dialect have remnants of the original Venetian dialect of Perast called ''"Veneto da mar"''.

*Dalmatia-The Land Where East Meets West by Maude Holbach (a 1910 travel guide from COSIMO books and publications [[New York]] USA):

*Dalmatia-The Land Where East Meets West by Maude Holbach (a 1910 travel guide from COSIMO books and publications [[New York]] USA):

{{Cquote|''Two hundred years later that, is, early in the tenth century you might have heard Slavish and Latin spoken had you walked in the streets of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), just as you hear Slavish and Italian today ; for as times of peace followed times of war, the Greek and Roman inhabitants of Rausium intermarried with the surrounding Slavs, and so a mixed race sprang up, a people apart from the rest of Dalmatia.'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EcvNw81I3hkC&pg=PA121&dq=Dalmatia:+The+Land+Where+East+Meets+West+Slavish+and+Italian+today&hl=en&ei=J46dTKDEF4XOvQOT_PS4DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia: The Land Where East Meets West] by Maude Holbach (p121)

{{Cquote|''Two hundred years later that, is, early in the tenth century you might have heard Slavish and Latin spoken had you walked in the streets of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), just as you hear Slavish and Italian today ; for as times of peace followed times of war, the Greek and Roman inhabitants of Rausium intermarried with the surrounding Slavs, and so a mixed race sprang up, a people apart from the rest of Dalmatia.'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EcvNw81I3hkC&pg=PA121&dq=Dalmatia:+The+Land+Where+East+Meets+West+Slavish+and+Italian+today&hl=en&ei=J46dTKDEF4XOvQOT_PS4DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia: The Land Where East Meets West] by Maude Holbach (p121)

* "DALMATIA: The Land Where East Meets West is MAUDE M. HOLBACH's second book of travel in Eastern Europe. First published in '''1910''', this is an anthropological travel journal of an often-overlooked kingdom" [http://www.cosimobooks.com/cosimo/about.html Web site: www.cosimobooks.com]</ref>}}

* "DALMATIA: The Land Where East Meets West is MAUDE M. HOLBACH's second book of travel in Eastern Europe. First published in '''1910''', this is an anthropological travel journal of an often-overlooked kingdom" {{cite web |url=http://www.cosimobooks.com/cosimo/about.html |title=Web site: www.cosimobooks.com |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://www.cosimobooks.com/cosimo/about.html |archivedate=2012-09-21}}</ref>}}

[[File: Venetian galley at Curzola-engraving.jpg|thumb|right|375px| A 19th century engraving of a Venetian galley fighting a Genoese fleet at the ''Battle of Curzola'' (Korcula) in 1298. The Granger Collection-England]]

[[File: Venetian galley at Curzola-engraving.jpg|thumb|right|375px| A 19th century engraving of a Venetian galley fighting a Genoese fleet at the ''Battle of Curzola'' (Korcula) in 1298. The Granger Collection-England]]

{{Cquote|''No joy, only pain and tears, is brought by being a part of the Italian Party in Dalmatia. We, the Italians of Dalmatia, retain a single right to suffer.''<ref>A.Bajamonti, ''Discorso inaugurale della Società Politica dalmata'', Spalato 1886</ref>}}

{{Cquote|''No joy, only pain and tears, is brought by being a part of the Italian Party in Dalmatia. We, the Italians of Dalmatia, retain a single right to suffer.''<ref>A.Bajamonti, ''Discorso inaugurale della Società Politica dalmata'', Spalato 1886</ref>}}

=====Zadar during and after World War II =====

=====Zadar during and after World War II =====

The chapter below is taken from the Secret Dalmatia Blog site, it is written by Alan Mandic.{{Cquote|''The Italian majority in Zadar was first hurt by the [[Directory:American Journals and the Strategic Bombing of Germany|Allied bombings]] and then chased away by the [[Communists|communist]] rule. In those terrible times, many people were looking for all sorts of revenges: from personal to national and many of [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Ethnic cleansing, Post-World War Two Camps & Communist Concentration Camps|Zadar’s Italians]] perished.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Foibe+massacres+Refugees+in+the+Age+of+Total+War+by+Anna+Bramwell&hl=en&ei=pApCTdDhCIa8cKvn6d0N&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell (p136, ''read '''Zara'''''-p137)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PR12&dq=A+tragedy+revealed:+the+story+of+the+Italian+population+of+Istria,+Dalmatia+Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=PJI9TZ6vMoP5cb3LlIYH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco. (p12  & [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA81&dq=A+tragedy+revealed+Zadra&hl=en&ei=_1BjTfX8HIamugPH9r28Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  ''read ''page 81] '''Zadar'''/Zara)</ref> (Note: References added by Editor) Some say that bones of many are still in one of the caves of Levrnaka in Kornati, many managed to escape and leave their beloved city for good, some stayed and formed a small Italian community. Among those who went from their homes were Ottavio Missoni (fashion designer born in Dubrovnik)''. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://secretdalmatia.wordpress.com/2010/11/24/zadar-the-charming-past/| title=Zadar – The postcards from the past|date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-25}}</ref>}}

The chapter below is taken from the Secret Dalmatia Blog site, it is written by Alan Mandic.{{Cquote|''The Italian majority in Zadar was first hurt by the [[Directory:American Journals and the Strategic Bombing of Germany|Allied bombings]] and then chased away by the [[Communists|communist]] rule. In those terrible times, many people were looking for all sorts of revenges: from personal to national and many of [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#Ethnic cleansing, Post-World War Two Camps & Communist Concentration Camps|Zadar’s Italians]] perished.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Foibe+massacres+Refugees+in+the+Age+of+Total+War+by+Anna+Bramwell&hl=en&ei=pApCTdDhCIa8cKvn6d0N&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell (p136, ''read '''Zara'''''-p137)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PR12&dq=A+tragedy+revealed:+the+story+of+the+Italian+population+of+Istria,+Dalmatia+Foibe+massacres&hl=en&ei=PJI9TZ6vMoP5cb3LlIYH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco. (p12  & [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA81&dq=A+tragedy+revealed+Zadra&hl=en&ei=_1BjTfX8HIamugPH9r28Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false  ''read ''page 81] '''Zadar'''/Zara)</ref> (Note: References added by Editor) Some say that bones of many are still in one of the caves of Levrnaka in Kornati, many managed to escape and leave their beloved city for good, some stayed and formed a small Italian community. Among those who went from their homes were Ottavio Missoni (fashion designer born in Dubrovnik)''. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://secretdalmatia.wordpress.com/2010/11/24/zadar-the-charming-past/| title=Zadar – The postcards from the past|date=[[2010]]|accessdate=2010-11-25 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://secretdalmatia.wordpress.com/2010/11/24/zadar-the-charming-past/ |archivedate=2012-09-21}}</ref>}}

[[File:SPLIT-Hebrard overall color restitution.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Diocletian's palace built during the Roman Empire. The palace is part of '''old Split''' (Spalato/Spalatum).]]

[[File:SPLIT-Hebrard overall color restitution.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Diocletian's palace built during the Roman Empire. The palace is part of '''old Split''' (Spalato/Spalatum).]]

[[File:619px-Croatia location map, Split-Dalmatia county.svg.png|thumb|right|215px|Dalmatia today as a political administrative region (Split-Dalmatia), within todays modern [[Croatia]]. ''Map created by Minestrone'' ]]

[[File:619px-Croatia location map, Split-Dalmatia county.svg.png|thumb|right|215px|Dalmatia today as a political administrative region (Split-Dalmatia), within todays modern [[Croatia]]. ''Map created by Minestrone'' ]]

==More on Yugoslavia's once hidden history:==

==More on Yugoslavia's once hidden history:==

=== Displaced persons from the former Yugoslavia from 1940s and 1950s ===

=== Displaced persons from the former Yugoslavia from 1940s and 1950s ===

The University of Western Australia study about ''Displaced Persons'' from former Yugoslavia right after [[World War Two]], quote: {{Cquote|''Around 6,000 of these displaced persons from the former Italian region of Venezia Giulia (Istra) and Zara (Zadar) resettled in [[Australia]] with the assistance of the IRO. After transfer of Trieste to [[Italy]] in 1954, another several thousand Giuliani were assisted to migrate to Australia. While most were classed as Yugoslav residents and citizens, an estimated 5,000 were ethnic Italians from the cities of Fiume, Pola and Zara (Gardini 2004). Given the difficulty of ascertaining the ethnicity of displaced persons from the names and nationalities listed on official IRO documents, it is unclear how many displaced persons who identified as 'Italian' settled in[[ Western Australia]]. What is clear is that the Istrian 'Italians' came from different backgrounds and had different motives for leaving their homes compared with other Italian assisted passage or sponsored migrants''.<ref>[http://www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au/stories/martini/background The University of Western Australia] (Italian Lives www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au)</ref>}}

The University of Western Australia study about ''Displaced Persons'' from former Yugoslavia right after [[World War Two]], quote: {{Cquote|''Around 6,000 of these displaced persons from the former Italian region of Venezia Giulia (Istra) and Zara (Zadar) resettled in [[Australia]] with the assistance of the IRO. After transfer of Trieste to [[Italy]] in 1954, another several thousand Giuliani were assisted to migrate to Australia. While most were classed as Yugoslav residents and citizens, an estimated 5,000 were ethnic Italians from the cities of Fiume, Pola and Zara (Gardini 2004). Given the difficulty of ascertaining the ethnicity of displaced persons from the names and nationalities listed on official IRO documents, it is unclear how many displaced persons who identified as 'Italian' settled in[[ Western Australia]]. What is clear is that the Istrian 'Italians' came from different backgrounds and had different motives for leaving their homes compared with other Italian assisted passage or sponsored migrants''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au/stories/martini/background |title=The University of Western Australia |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au/stories/martini/background |archivedate=2012-09-21}} (Italian Lives www.italianlives.arts.uwa.edu.au)</ref>}}

*Quote from  the [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"|European Public Hearing]] on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes": {{Cquote| ''Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes. The taboo to hide the  crimes of Titoism was meant to conceal the War-time and post-War murders of civilians and prisoners of war without trials. Their graves were levelled and in Slovenia it was forbidden to talk about their fate. Repressive organs controlled the burials sites and the living were strictly forbidden to mention the victims or the graves. The so-called system of preserving and developing revolutionary heritage was used by the [[Communists|Communist Party]] to implement a monopoly on the truth.'' <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf''' European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] (p201) </ref><ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en European EU's press releases concerning European Public Hearing on:] “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regime-'''Brussels'''"</ref>}}

*Quote from  the [[Titoism and Totalitarianism#European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"|European Public Hearing]] on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes": {{Cquote| ''Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes. The taboo to hide the  crimes of Titoism was meant to conceal the War-time and post-War murders of civilians and prisoners of war without trials. Their graves were levelled and in Slovenia it was forbidden to talk about their fate. Repressive organs controlled the burials sites and the living were strictly forbidden to mention the victims or the graves. The so-called system of preserving and developing revolutionary heritage was used by the [[Communists|Communist Party]] to implement a monopoly on the truth.'' <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf''' European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] (p201) </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en |title=European EU's press releases concerning European Public Hearing on: |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120527/http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/230&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en |archivedate=2012-05-27}} “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regime-'''Brussels'''"</ref>}}

The former Communist '''Yugoslavia''' (which Croatia was part of) played a major role during the Cold War era in depicting this style of historical documentation (i.e ''Dalmatia'' - History, Culture, Art Heritage & the above mentioned ''"Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes."'') of the region’s past. Yugoslav Communist history is now dogma in Croatia. This also would apply to the history of the Dalmatian Italians. Many of today’s Croatians live with this dogma as their reality even though the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. This dogma, falsehood was created by a totalitarian society. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia had a '''profound''' effect on the region.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic (p 47).

The former Communist '''Yugoslavia''' (which Croatia was part of) played a major role during the Cold War era in depicting this style of historical documentation (i.e ''Dalmatia'' - History, Culture, Art Heritage & the above mentioned ''"Mystifying the crimes of the occupiers, Titoism covered its own crimes."'') of the region’s past. Yugoslav Communist history is now dogma in Croatia. This also would apply to the history of the Dalmatian Italians. Many of today’s Croatians live with this dogma as their reality even though the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. This dogma, falsehood was created by a totalitarian society. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia had a '''profound''' effect on the region.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic (p 47).

   

   

A process of [[Croatisation]] (cultural assimilation) of the Republic of Ragusa's '''history''' began in the 19th century (and in part the Kingdom of Dalmatia) and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.

A process of [[Croatisation]] (cultural assimilation) of the Republic of Ragusa's '''history''' began in the 19th century (and in part the Kingdom of Dalmatia) and this process is still continuing today. This process happened firstly in relation to the Ragusan-Slavic history and later with the Ragusan-Italianic history. In relation to this Croatisation of history, '''Gianfrancesco Gondola''' (1589 -1638) a Ragusan Baroque poet from Republic of Ragusa has ''become'' a Croatian Baroque poet called Ivan Gundulić from Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in  [[Italian language|Italian]] and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}</ref>).  

Ivan Gundulic wrote many works in  [[Italian language|Italian]] and Slavic (today referred to as Croatian<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120921/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik |archivedate=2012-09-21}}</ref>).  

One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić<ref> Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic, 1589 — 1638, are the best testimony to this. His epic "Osman" ranks among the greatest masterpieces of early Slavic literature, and also among the most ..."''</ref>

One of these was the Slavic poem [http://books.google.com/books?id=J8coAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Osman]. Interestingly, in 1967 his work was referred to as ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulić"'' taken from the book Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić<ref> Dubrovnik by Bariša Krekić ''"The works of the greatest poet of early Yugoslav literature, Ivan Gundulic, 1589 — 1638, are the best testimony to this. His epic "Osman" ranks among the greatest masterpieces of early Slavic literature, and also among the most ..."''</ref>