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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Josip Broz Tito}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Josip Broz Tito}}

[[File:Josip Broz Tito.jpg|thumb|right||210px|Dictator [[Josip Broz Tito]] (a man with many talents)]]

[[File:438px-Josip Broz Tito Légion d'honneur.jpg|thumb|right||210px|Dictator [[Josip Broz Tito]] (a man with many talents)]]

[[File:250px-Location Austria Hungary 1914.png|thumb|right||275px|Josip Broz Tito was from the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire]]

[[File:250px-Location Austria Hungary 1914.png|thumb|right||275px|Josip Broz Tito was from the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire]]

*"He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grace to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the '''state treasury''' was '''empty''' and political opportunists unchecked." </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml|title='''BBC'''-History by Tim Judah}}</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C&pg=PA187&dq=Ivo+Goldstein++Tito&hl=en&ei=ighBTLC6M8Srcb_9uaQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20economic%20failure%20of%20Tito’s%20system&f=false Croatia: A History] by Ivo Goldstein. (p187)</ref> His presidency and leadership were authoritarian and totalitarian <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] by Fred Warner Neal.  

*"He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriating the West. He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grace to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the '''state treasury''' was '''empty''' and political opportunists unchecked." </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/yugoslavia_03.shtml|title='''BBC'''-History by Tim Judah}}</ref> <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C&pg=PA187&dq=Ivo+Goldstein++Tito&hl=en&ei=ighBTLC6M8Srcb_9uaQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20economic%20failure%20of%20Tito’s%20system&f=false Croatia: A History] by Ivo Goldstein. (p187)</ref> His presidency and leadership were authoritarian and totalitarian <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] by Fred Warner Neal.  

*"In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by [[Directory:Bleiburg Massacre Wikipedia#Aleksandar Rankovic|Aleksandar Rankovic]], himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA." Second chapter (p214)</ref> while his internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment. He and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia promoted the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations which was achieved by Communist Dictatorship policies (and propaganda).  

*"In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by [[Directory:Bleiburg Massacre Wikipedia#Aleksandar Rankovic|Aleksandar Rankovic]], himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA." Second chapter (p214)</ref> while his internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment. He and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia promoted the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations which was achieved by Communist Dictatorship policies (and propaganda).  

[[File:800px-Barbara-rov IMG 0877.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Barbara Rov-[[Slovenia]]."One of the many massacre sites"]]

[[File:800px-Barbara-rov IMG 0877.jpg|thumb|right|325px|Barbara Rov-[[Slovenia]]."One of the many massacre sites"]]

 

*'''(a)''' Information on some of Tito's government policies from the ''European'' Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Reports and proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes” organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. Joze Dezman: COMMUNIST REPRESSION AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE IN SLOVENIA   

*'''(a)''' Information on some of Tito's government policies from the ''European'' Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf '''European Public Hearing''' on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Reports and proceedings of the 8th of April European public hearing on “Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes” organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. Joze Dezman: COMMUNIST REPRESSION AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE IN SLOVENIA   

*"In the greater part of this paper, the author deals with individual repressive measures that Communist rule imposed in Slovenia in the period from the end of the war in 1945 until the beginning of the 1950s. In this period, the [[Communists|Communist]] authorities in Slovenia implemented all the forms of repression that were typical of states with Stalinist regimes. In Slovenia, it was a time of mass killings without court trials and of concentration and labour camps." (p197, p161 & p201) </ref>, page 197:

*"In the greater part of this paper, the author deals with individual repressive measures that Communist rule imposed in Slovenia in the period from the end of the war in 1945 until the beginning of the 1950s. In this period, the [[Communists|Communist]] authorities in Slovenia implemented all the forms of repression that were typical of states with Stalinist regimes. In Slovenia, it was a time of mass killings without court trials and of concentration and labour camps." (p197, p161 & p201) </ref>, page 197:

*''' Harry Truman''' (the [[Directory:Harry S. Truman|President of USA]]) on the 23rd of April in 1948, in a speech stated:

*''' Harry Truman''' (the [[Directory:Harry S. Truman|President of USA]]) on the 23rd of April in 1948, in a speech stated:

 

{{Cquote|''I am told that Tito murdered more than 400 000 of the opposition in Yugoslavia before he got himself established there as a dictator.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-Xkv7ym8hDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War&client=safari&cd=1#v=snippet&q=%20tito%20trade%20papers%20four%20hundred%20thousand&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees (p47)</ref><ref>Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman: Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce. (p219)</ref>}}

{{Cquote|''I am told that Tito murdered more than 400 000 of the opposition in Yugoslavia before he got himself established there as a dictator.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-Xkv7ym8hDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War&client=safari&cd=1#v=snippet&q=%20tito%20trade%20papers%20four%20hundred%20thousand&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees (p47)</ref><ref>Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman: Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce. (p219)</ref>}}

{{Cquote|''Foreign communists were far from immune to the purges and most leading Yugoslav communists perished in these years. However, the purges gave Tito his break and catapulted him to the top of the Yugoslav Communist Party in 1937. Only the most committed Stalinist could have prospered in the 1930’s in the way Tito did.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA57&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=cpy&f= Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences] by Christopher Bennett. (p57)</ref>}}

{{Cquote|''Foreign communists were far from immune to the purges and most leading Yugoslav communists perished in these years. However, the purges gave Tito his break and catapulted him to the top of the Yugoslav Communist Party in 1937. Only the most committed Stalinist could have prospered in the 1930’s in the way Tito did.''<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeiKg3TuNl0C&pg=PA57&dq=titoism&client=safari&cd=9#v=onepage&q=cpy&f= Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences] by Christopher Bennett. (p57)</ref>}}

[[File:LocationYugoslavia2.png|thumb|right||275px|Yugoslavia 1918-92]]

[[File:LocationYugoslavia2.png|thumb|right||275px|Yugoslavia 1918-92]]

== Tito & the West ==

== Tito & the West ==

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it has become evident that the Western allies Cold War relationship with Yugoslavia is much more '''complex''' than it first appeared. We are looking at the fact that the West turned a blind eye to Yugoslavia’s Communist Stalinist policies. The Western allies were complicit in joining in the glorification of Tito. Tito’s cult of personality<ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post Communist''' by Paul Hollander.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it has become evident that the Western allies Cold War relationship with Yugoslavia is much more '''complex''' than it first appeared. We are looking at the fact that the West turned a blind eye to Yugoslavia’s Communist Stalinist policies. The Western allies were complicit in joining in the glorification of Tito. Tito’s cult of personality<ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post Communist''' by Paul Hollander.

*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

*“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#six BBC-History: Partisan Fighters] War in the Balkans 1941-1945. Dr Stephen A Hart: Senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Author of 'The Road to Falaise: Operations Totalize & Tractable' (Alan Sutton 2004), 'Montgomery and Colossal Cracks': The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe,1944-45' (Praeger, 2000).  

*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#six BBC-History: Partisan Fighters] War in the Balkans 1941-1945. Dr Stephen A Hart: Senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Author of 'The Road to Falaise: Operations Totalize & Tractable' (Alan Sutton 2004), 'Montgomery and Colossal Cracks': The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe,1944-45' (Praeger, 2000).  

* Wikipedia: Josip Broz Tito

* Wikipedia: Josip Broz Tito

==Interviews ==

==Interviews ==

*'''Ivan Supek''' -  Croatian Physicist, Philosopher, Writer, Playwright, Peace Activist Humanist & former Yugoslav Partizan. (Interview BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts)

*'''Ivan Supek''' -  Croatian Physicist, Philosopher, Writer, Playwright, Peace Activist Humanist & former Yugoslav Partizan. (Interview BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts)

* Mitja Ribicic - ''' Internal Security''' of the Former Yugoslavia. (Interview BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts)

* Mitja Ribicic - ''' Internal Security''' of the Former Yugoslavia. (Interview BBC 4/Tito's Ghosts)

==Notes and References==

==Notes and References==

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* [http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/09/world/evolution-in-europe-piles-of-bones-in-yugoslavia-point-to-partisan-massacres.html?pagewanted=all New York Times:] Evolution in Europe; Piles of Bones in Yugoslavia Point to Partisan Massacres.  

* [http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/09/world/evolution-in-europe-piles-of-bones-in-yugoslavia-point-to-partisan-massacres.html?pagewanted=all New York Times:] Evolution in Europe; Piles of Bones in Yugoslavia Point to Partisan Massacres.  

* [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-massacre-that-haunts-slovenia-967682.html Independent.co.uk] World/Europe.The Massacre That Haunts Slovenia

* [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-massacre-that-haunts-slovenia-967682.html Independent.co.uk] World/Europe.The Massacre That Haunts Slovenia

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