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==== Uskoks ====

==== Uskoks ====

A large part of the Habsburg unit of '''Uskoks''', who fought a guerilla war with the Ottoman Empire were ethnic Serbs (Serbian Orthodox Christian) who fled from Ottoman Turkish rule and settled in Bela Krajina and Zumberak.<ref name="Davies">Europe:A History by Norman Davies (1996), p. 561.</ref><ref name="Goffman">Goffman (2002), p. 190.</ref><ref name="ER">http://books.google.se/books?id=ovCVDLYN_JgC</ref><ref name="GEO">http://books.google.se/books?id=0pmkrY29qkIC</ref>

A large part of the Habsburg unit of '''Uskoks''', who fought a guerilla war with the Ottoman Empire were ethnic Serbs (Serbian Orthodox Christian) who fled from Ottoman Turkish rule and settled in Bela Krajina and Zumberak.<ref name="Davies">Europe:A History by Norman Davies (1996), p. 561.</ref><ref name="Goffman">Goffman (2002), p. 190.</ref><ref name="ER">http://books.google.se/books?id=ovCVDLYN_JgC</ref><ref name="GEO">http://books.google.se/books?id=0pmkrY29qkIC</ref>

Serbs of Croatia in the Roman Catholic-Croatian Military Frontier were out of the jurisdiction of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć and in 1611, after demands from the community, the Pope establishes the Eparchy of Marca (''Vratanija'') with seat at the Serbian-built Marca Monastery and instates a Byzantine vicar as bishop sub-ordinate to the Roman Catholic bishop of Zagreb, working to bring Serbian Orthodox Christians into communion with Rome which caused struggle of power between the Catholics and the Serbs over the region. In 1695 Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of ''Lika-Krbava and Zrinopolje'' is established by metropolitan Atanasije Ljubojevic and certified by '''Emperor Josef I''' in 1707. In 1735 the Serbian Orthodox protested in the Marča Monastery and becomes part of the Serbian Orthodox Church until 1753 when the Pope restores the Roman Catholic clergy. On June 17, 1777 the Eparchy of Križevci is permanently established by Pope Pius VI with see at Križevci, near Zagreb, thus forming the Croatian Greek Catholic Church which would after World War I include other people; Rusyns and Ukrainians of Yugoslavia.<ref name="ER"/><ref name="GEO"/>

Serbs of Croatia in the Roman Catholic-Croatian Military Frontier were out of the jurisdiction of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć and in 1611, after demands from the community, the Pope establishes the Eparchy of Marca (''Vratanija'') with seat at the Serbian-built Marca Monastery and instates a Byzantine vicar as bishop sub-ordinate to the Roman Catholic bishop of Zagreb, working to bring Serbian Orthodox Christians into communion with Rome which caused struggle of power between the Catholics and the Serbs over the region. In 1695 Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of ''Lika-Krbava and Zrinopolje'' is established by metropolitan Atanasije Ljubojevic and certified by '''Emperor Josef I''' in 1707. In 1735 the Serbian Orthodox protested in the Marča Monastery and becomes part of the Serbian Orthodox Church until 1753 when the Pope restores the Roman Catholic clergy. On June 17, 1777 the Eparchy of Križevci is permanently established by Pope Pius VI with see at Križevci, near Zagreb, thus forming the Croatian Greek Catholic Church which would after [[World War I]] include other people; Rusyns and Ukrainians of Yugoslavia.<ref name="ER"/><ref name="GEO"/>

Catholic Croats of Turopolje and Gornja Stubica celebrate the Jurjevo, a Serbian tradition maintained by Uskoks descendants (adjacent to White Carniola, where Serbs in Slovenia|Serbs formed communities in 1528).

Catholic Croats of Turopolje and Gornja Stubica celebrate the Jurjevo, a Serbian tradition maintained by Uskoks descendants.

== Croatia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire ==

== Croatia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire ==

==During and prior to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina==

==During and prior to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina==

Following the establishment of the [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]] in November 1991, and especially from May 1992 forward, the Herzeg-Bosnia leadership engaged in continuing and coordinated efforts to dominate and "Croatise" (or ethnically cleanse) the municipalities which they claimed were part of Herzeg-Bosnia, with increasing persecution and discrimination directed against the [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] population.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=

Following the establishment of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia in November 1991, and especially from May 1992 forward, the Herzeg-Bosnia leadership engaged in continuing and coordinated efforts to dominate and "Croatise" (or ethnically cleanse) the municipalities which they claimed were part of Herzeg-Bosnia, with increasing persecution and discrimination directed against the Bosniak population.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=

http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> The [[Croatian Defence Council]] (HVO), the military formation of Croats, took control of many municipal governments and services, removing or marginalising local Bosniak leaders.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1b|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača}}</ref> Herzeg-Bosnia authorities and Croat military forces took control of the media and imposed Croatian ideas and [[propaganda]].<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|quote=the authorities created a radio station which broadcast nationalist propaganda|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> Croatian symbols and currency were introduced, and Croatian curricula and the Croatian language were introduced in schools. Many Bosniaks were removed from positions in government and private business; humanitarian aid was managed and distributed to the Bosniaks' disadvantage; and Bosniaks in general were increasingly harassed.{{Fact|date=April 2011}} Many of them were deported to [[concentration camp]]s: [[Heliodrom camp|Heliodrom]], [[Dretelj camp|Dretelj]], [[Gabela camp|Gabela]], [[Vojno camp|Vojno]], and Šunje.

http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> The Croatian Defence Council (HVO), the military formation of Croats, took control of many municipal governments and services, removing or marginalising local Bosniak leaders.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1b|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict - A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992 – January 1993 - b) The municipality of Busovača}}</ref> Herzeg-Bosnia authorities and Croat military forces took control of the media and imposed Croatian ideas and propaganda.<ref name="ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e-3.htm#IIIA1c|quote=the authorities created a radio station which broadcast nationalist propaganda|title=ICTY: Blaškić verdict&nbsp;— A. The Lasva Valley: May 1992&nbsp;– January 1993 - c) The municipality of Kiseljak}}</ref> Croatian symbols and currency were introduced, and Croatian curricula and the Croatian language were introduced in schools. Many Bosniaks were removed from positions in government and private business; humanitarian aid was managed and distributed to the Bosniaks' disadvantage; and Bosniaks in general were increasingly harassed. Many of them were deported to concentration camps: Heliodrom, Dretelj, Gabela, Vojno, and Šunje.

==Notable individuals who voluntarily Croatised==

==Notable individuals who voluntarily Croatised==

*[[Dimitrija Demeter]], a playwright who was the author of the first modern Croatian drama, was from a [[Greeks|Greek]] family.

*Dimitrija Demeter, a playwright who was the author of the first modern Croatian drama, was from a [[Greece|Greek]] family.

*[[Vatroslav Lisinski]], a composer, was originally named ''Ignaz Fuchs''. His Croatian name is a literal translation.

*Vatroslav Lisinski, a composer, was originally named ''Ignaz Fuchs''. His Croatian name is a literal translation.

*[[Laval Nugent]], a Field Marshall and the most powerful noble in the Illyrian Movement, was originally from [[Ireland]].

*Laval Nugent, a Field Marshall and the most powerful noble in the Illyrian Movement, was originally from [[Ireland]].

*[[Petar Preradović]], one of the most influential poets of the movement, was from a [[Serb]] family.

*Petar Preradović, one of the most influential poets of the movement, was from a Serb family.

*[[Bogoslav Šulek]], a [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] and inventor of many Croatian scientific terms, was originally ''Bohuslav Šulek'' from [[Slovakia]].

*Bogoslav Šulek, a lexicographer and inventor of many Croatian scientific terms, was originally ''Bohuslav Šulek'' from [[Slovakia]].

*[[Stanko Vraz]], a poet and the first professional writer in Croatia, was originally ''Jakob Frass'' from [[Slovenia]].

*Stanko Vraz, a poet and the first professional writer in Croatia, was originally ''Jakob Frass'' from [[Slovenia]].

*[[August Šenoa]], a Croatian novelist, poet and writer, is of [[Czechs|Czech]]-[[Slovaks|Slovak]] descent. His parents never learned the [[Croatian language]], even when they lived in Zagreb.

*August Šenoa, a Croatian novelist, poet and writer, is of Czech-Slovak descent. His parents never learned the Croatian language, even when they lived in Zagreb.

*[[Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]], a geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist who discovered [[Krapina man]] <ref>[http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html Krapina C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  (Krapinski pračovjek), was of [[Germans|German]] descent. He added his second name, Gorjanović, to be adopted as a Croatian.

*Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, a geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist who discovered Krapina man<ref>[http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html Krapina C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  (Krapinski pračovjek), was of German descent. He added his second name, Gorjanović, to be adopted as a Croatian.

*[[Slavoljub Eduard Penkala]] was an inventor of Dutch/Polish origins. He added the name Slavoljub in order to Croatise.

*Slavoljub Eduard Penkala was an inventor of Dutch/Polish origins. He added the name Slavoljub in order to Croatise.

*[[Lovro Monti]], Croatian politician, mayor of [[Knin]]. One of the leaders of the Croatian national movement in Dalmatia, he was of Italian roots.

*Lovro Monti, Croatian politician, mayor of Knin. One of the leaders of the Croatian national movement in Dalmatia, he was of Italian roots.

*[[Adolfo Veber Tkalčević]] -linguist of German descent

*Adolfo Veber Tkalčević -linguist of [[Germany|German]] descent.

*[[Ivan Zajc]] (born'' Giovanni von Seitz'') a music composer was of German descent

*Ivan Zajc (born'' Giovanni von Seitz'') a music composer was of German descent.

*[[Josip Frank]], nationalist Croatian 19th century politicia, born as a Jew

*Josip Frank, nationalist Croatian 19th century politicia, born as a Jew.

*[[Vladko Maček]], Croatian politician, leader of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after Stjepan Radić and one time opposition reformist, maker of the Cvetković-Maček agreement that founded the Croatian Banate, born in a Slovene-Czech family

*Vladko Maček, Croatian politician, leader of the Croats in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia after Stjepan Radić and one time opposition reformist, maker of the Cvetković-Maček agreement that founded the Croatian Banate, born in a Slovene-Czech family.

*[[Savić Marković Štedimlija]], publicist and Nazi collaborator, Montenegrin by origin

*Savić Marković Štedimlija, publicist and Nazi collaborator, Montenegrin by origin.

*[[Vlaho Bukovac]], born ''Biagio Faggioni'' to a family of mixed Italian and Croatian ancestry

*Vlaho Bukovac, born ''Biagio Faggioni'' to a family of mixed Italian and Croatian ancestry.

== Notes ==

==Notes and References==

== See also ==

== See also ==

* [[Dalmatian Italians]]

* [[Dalmatian Italians]]

== External links ==

== External links ==

* http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/europe/croatiepolcroa.htm

* [http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/europe/croatiepolcroa.htm croatiepolcroa.htm]

* http://www.serbianunity.net/culture/library/genocide/k3.htm

* [http://www.serbianunity.net/culture/library/genocide/k3.htm www.serbianunity.net]

* http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/trae/archive/data/199809/80930-018-trae-zag.htm

* [http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/trae/archive/data/199809/80930-018-trae-zag.htm www.aimpress.ch]

* http://www.southeasteurope.org/subpage.php?sub_site=2&id=16431&head=if&site=4

* http://www.southeasteurope.org/subpage.php?sub_site=2&id=16431&head=if&site=4

* http://www.nouvelle-europe.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=172&Itemid=

* http://www.nouvelle-europe.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=172&Itemid=