Changes

== References: Former Yugoslavia post World War Two!==

== References: Communist Yugoslavia ==

* '''Encyclopaedia Britannica''' on events post [[World War Two]] in Yugoslavia:

* '''Encyclopaedia Britannica''' on events post [[World War Two]] in Yugoslavia:

{{Cquote|British commanders refused to accept their surrender and handed them over to the Partisans, who took a merciless revenge. Tens of thousands, including many civilians, were subsequently slaughtered on forced marches and in death camps. <ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': Croatia</ref>}}  

{{Cquote|British commanders refused to accept their surrender and handed them over to the Partisans, who took a merciless revenge. Tens of thousands, including many civilians, were subsequently slaughtered on forced marches and in death camps. <ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': Croatia</ref>}}  

*The days that followed the end of the war led to one last round of vengeful blood-letting. Tito's Partisans executed at least 30,000 Croat Ustase troops, plus many '''civilian refugees'''. In addition, Tito's secret police - the OZNa - hunted down the Chetnik bands in Serbia, and in 1946 executed Mihailovic as a war criminal. Many Chetniks went into hiding, living a shadow existence constantly on the move between safe houses to avoid arrest. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#six BBC-History Partisans:] </ref>}}  

*The days that followed the end of the war led to one last round of vengeful blood-letting. Tito's Partisans executed at least 30,000 Croat Ustase troops, plus many '''civilian refugees'''. In addition, Tito's secret police - the OZNa - hunted down the Chetnik bands in Serbia, and in 1946 executed Mihailovic as a war criminal. Many Chetniks went into hiding, living a shadow existence constantly on the move between safe houses to avoid arrest. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#six BBC-History Partisans:] </ref>}}  

(War in the Balkans 1941-1945. Dr Stephen A Hart is senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He is the author of The Road to Falaise: Operations "Totalize" & "Tractable" (Alan Sutton, 2004), "Montgomery " and "Colossal Cracks": The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944-45/Praeger, 2000.)

(War in the Balkans 1941-1945. Dr Stephen A Hart is senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He is the author of The Road to Falaise: Operations "Totalize" & "Tractable" (Alan Sutton, 2004), "Montgomery " and "Colossal Cracks": The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944-45/Praeger, 2000.)

*'''Titoism in Action''': The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948 by Fred Warner Neal. Second chapter (p214):  

*'''Titoism in Action''': The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948 by Fred Warner Neal. Second chapter (p214):  

{{Cquote|In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by '''Aleksandar Rankovic''', himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] by Fred Warner Neal.</ref>}}

{{Cquote|In a totalitarian state, personal freedom and human rights invariably most at the hands of unrestrianed police activity. That Yugoslavia was no exception was admitted by Aleksandar Rankovic, himself head of secret police or State Security Administration. This organization is known in Yugoslavia as UDBA<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4t5gBayTeDQC&pg=PA214&dq=Yugoslavia+Totalitarian+state&hl=en&ei=CJ_eS7HuF8uLkAXJxd3PBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Yugoslavia%20Totalitarian%20state&f=false Titoism in Action: The Reforms in Yugoslavia After 1948] by Fred Warner Neal.</ref>}}

* A '''single party''', the ''Communist Party of Yugoslavia'' and its leader 'Josip Broz Tito', ruled the country.<ref>The League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the only legal party. Other parties were banned. Read the “CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA”, adopted by the Federal People's Assembly April 7, 1963, at http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia_1963.doc </ref>

* A '''single party''', the ''Communist Party of Yugoslavia'' and its leader 'Josip Broz Tito', ruled the country.<ref>The League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the only legal party. Other parties were banned. Read the “CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA”, adopted by the Federal People's Assembly April 7, 1963, at http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Yugoslavia_1963.doc </ref>

''(A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists.)''  

''(A British journalist who has the good fortune to speak both Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian, a skill that has enabled him to draw heavily on literature of the region that would be unavailable to most American or British journalists.)''  

 

* '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post communist''' by Paul Hollander.

* '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post communist''' by Paul Hollander.

{{Cquote|

{{Cquote|

*Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Josip Broz Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations.<ref>Discontents: Post-modern and Post communist by Paul Hollander.[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center </ref>}}

*Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Josip Broz Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations.<ref>Discontents: Post-modern and Post communist by Paul Hollander.[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center </ref>}}

 

* '''An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority''' by Di John Borneman.

* '''An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority''' by Di John Borneman.

"This international anthropological project is a study of the closure of political authority in the 20th century and consists of a Website, databases of research materials, an audio-visual essay, and a book. Six anthropologists, led by Cornell professor John Borneman, take up the end of an authority crisis that spanned most of this century, 1917-1991, and that crystallized around four state political forms: Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and the State Socialist regimes of East Germany, '''Yugoslavia''', Romania, and the Soviet Union."<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman. </ref>

"This international anthropological project is a study of the closure of political authority in the 20th century and consists of a Website, databases of research materials, an audio-visual essay, and a book. Six anthropologists, led by Cornell professor John Borneman, take up the end of an authority crisis that spanned most of this century, 1917-1991, and that crystallized around four state political forms: Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and the State Socialist regimes of East Germany, '''Yugoslavia''', Romania, and the Soviet Union."<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman. </ref>

"Biographical profiles of 52 major world leaders throughout history, written by subject specialists, feature pro/con essays reflecting '''contemporary views''' of the creative and tyrannical aspects of their record. They provide librarians, students, and researchers with critical insights into the figure's beliefs, a better understanding of his or her actions, and a more complete reflection on his or her place in history. Coverage is global, from Indira Gandhi to Fidel Castro, and spans history from the Egyptian king Akhenaton to Mikhail Gorbachev. Among the leaders profiled are Otto von Bismarck, Oliver Cromwell, Charles de Gaulle, Elizabeth I, Ho Chi Minh, Lenin, Louis XIV, Mao Zedong, Napoleon I, Kwame Nkrumah, Juan Peron, and [[Josip Broz Tito]]. " (p312) <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=3WLxbI1EhFAC&pg=PA312&dq=Josip+broz+tito+Cult+of+Personality&lr=#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz%20tito%20Cult%20of%20Personality&f=false Great leaders, Great Tyrants Contemporary Views of World Rulers] by Arnold Blumberg </ref>

"Biographical profiles of 52 major world leaders throughout history, written by subject specialists, feature pro/con essays reflecting '''contemporary views''' of the creative and tyrannical aspects of their record. They provide librarians, students, and researchers with critical insights into the figure's beliefs, a better understanding of his or her actions, and a more complete reflection on his or her place in history. Coverage is global, from Indira Gandhi to Fidel Castro, and spans history from the Egyptian king Akhenaton to Mikhail Gorbachev. Among the leaders profiled are Otto von Bismarck, Oliver Cromwell, Charles de Gaulle, Elizabeth I, Ho Chi Minh, Lenin, Louis XIV, Mao Zedong, Napoleon I, Kwame Nkrumah, Juan Peron, and [[Josip Broz Tito]]. " (p312) <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=3WLxbI1EhFAC&pg=PA312&dq=Josip+broz+tito+Cult+of+Personality&lr=#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz%20tito%20Cult%20of%20Personality&f=false Great leaders, Great Tyrants Contemporary Views of World Rulers] by Arnold Blumberg </ref>

*'''Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists''': An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-by David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine &  John Strickland/Legacy Chapter (page181)<ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-By David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine &  John Strickland </ref>

*Self-management as system was only slightly more efficient than the Soviet model. It was bureaucratised and cumbersome and could not compete with Western economies. People could obtain so much free or for less than the market price (e.g. apartments) that they could be obtain without work. All this made the settling of accounts in the 1980s and in the post-socialist age more difficult.

* '''Democratic transition in Croatia''': Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet & Davorka Matic. Chapter- History Teaching in the Time of Socialist Yugoslavia (p198)<ref>Democratic transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet & Davorka Matic </ref>

 

*'''A Personality Cult Transformed''': The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009<ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/ASEN/ConferencePapers/Ms.%20Tamara%20Pavasovic%20Trost%20-%20A%20Personality%20Cult%20Transformed%20The%20Evolution%20of%20Tito’s%20Image%20in%20the%20Former%20Yugoslavia%201974%20-%202009.pdf A Personality Cult Transformed:] The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009/Tamara Pavasovic Trost Ph.D. Candidate Department of Sociology Harvard University [[USA]] </ref>

*In Tito’s system no interest or ideas could be expressed in a truly democratic way. This did most harm where feelings of ethnic identity were concerned because their suppression led to growth of extreme nationalism. Furthermore, the economic failure of Tito’s system, most clearly expressed in the protracted crisis of the 1980s, left people who even if they were not poor, were disillusioned and open to manipulation by demagogues. Finally Tito’s practical solutions ensured that he would retain unlimited power during his life time, but foreshadowed the problems would come after his death. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C&pg=PA187&dq=Ivo+Goldstein++Tito&hl=en&ei=ighBTLC6M8Srcb_9uaQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20economic%20failure%20of%20Tito’s%20system&f=false Croatia: A History] by Ivo Goldstein</ref>}}

* '''Public Spheres After Socialism''' by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4tSjNwjax4YC&pg=PA50&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=PRDmS4_dHsuIkAW92MjwDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Public Spheres After Socialism] by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles </ref>

 

("'''Ivo Goldstein''' is a Professor at the University of Zagreb. The university is the oldest (1669) and biggest in South-Eastern Europe. The university has 29 faculties, three art academies and the Centre for Croatian Studies. With its comprehensive programmes and over 50,000 full-time undergraduate and postgraduate students. It offers a wide range of academic degree courses leading to Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees in the following fields: Arts, Biomedicine, Biotechnology, Engineering, Humanities, Natural and Social Sciences.")

*'''Nationalism and War in the Balkans''' by Aleksandar Pavkovic. (p 47)<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic.</ref>

*'''Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina''' by Mitja Velikonja. Chapter: Integral and Organic Yugoslavism (p192)<ref>Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Mitja Velikonja. </ref>

* '''New & Old Wars''' by Mary Kaldor: The regime relaxed its authoritarian rule from the 1960s onwards.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XVgVstFi0XUC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=Titoism+and+Totalitarianism&source=bl&ots=dnzD0IgifP&sig=LQ1w_D2UDd77_vCOPhOBFHw9jQU&hl=en&ei=cQnmS5eBF82LkAWJwaAU&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CCwQ6AEwCTgo#v=onepage&q&f=false New & Old Wars] by Mary Kaldor </ref>

* '''Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII''' by Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann

* '''Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII''' by Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann

*Native German and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people (half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia fled in 1945), and many who remained were compelled to do forced labor, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 ethnic Italians fled to Italy in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)

*Native German and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people (half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia fled in 1945), and many who remained were compelled to do forced labor, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 ethnic Italians fled to Italy in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)

*Tito's regime created an official celebratory myth about the "People's Liberation War," denying partisan atrocities and negotiations with Germans and exaggerating their role in defeating the Axis.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010 ] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson. </ref>}}

*Tito's regime created an official celebratory myth about the "People's Liberation War," denying partisan atrocities and negotiations with Germans and exaggerating their role in defeating the Axis.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010 ] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson. </ref>}}

* '''Where the Balkans Begin''' (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story) by Bernard Meares

* '''Where the Balkans Begin''' (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story) by Bernard Meares

{{Cquote|During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of Communist rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas. <ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares.</ref>}}

{{Cquote|During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of Communist rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas. <ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares.</ref>}}

*'''Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide''': The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. (p168.)

*'''Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide''': The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. (p168.)

* '''Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes”''', organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed  

* '''Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes”''', organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. <ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"] Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing on “Crimes committed  

by totalitarian regimes”, organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of  

by totalitarian regimes”, organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of  

the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. </ref>  

the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. </ref>  

 

* '''Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia''' by Mr Dizdar's (Scientific Journal) - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.<ref>[http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:Xmg34OucoOoJ:scholar.google.com/++RESEARCH+OF+THE+PROBLEM+OF+BLEIBURG+AND+WAY+OF+THE+CROSS+++ZDRAVKO+DIZDAR+djeca+logor&hl=en&as_sdt=2000  Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia by Mr Dizdar's Scientific Journal - An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross.]</ref>

* '''Keeping Tito Afloat''' by Lorraine M. Lees:  

* '''Refugees in the Age of Total War''' by Anna Bramwell. (p138) <ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=%22forty+days+of+Trieste%22&source=bl&ots=vV1YtYVNWt&sig=La9eWoqpk9YOCTXzBJ-zEAlHhK4&hl=it&ei=ixkbStyiHYuV_QbgxtnYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell </ref>

 

* '''History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe''' by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer:UDBA (p126) <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pV6sFB-KuU8C&pg=PA126&lpg=PA129&dq=History+of+the+literary+cultures+of+East-Central+Europe+UDBA&source=bl&ots=VdZ143-ajs&sig=Bop4of55CjpRgqVveDG_NEQi2bk&hl=en&ei=_3L-S5-uJdDIcaGDkO4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=UDBA&f=false History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe] by Marcel Cornis-Pope & John Neubauer.</ref>

{{Cquote|Tito Afloat draws upon newly declassified documents to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in U.S. foreign policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War. After World War II, the United States considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-Xkv7ym8hDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War&client=safari&cd=1#v=snippet&q=%20tito%20trade%20papers%20four%20hundred%20thousand&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees</ref>}}

* '''Tragedy Revealed''': The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco & Konrad Eisenbichler. (p89)<ref>[http://books.google.be/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA89&vq=trieste&dq=%22In+Opicina,+after+a+bomb&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco & Konrad Eisenbichler.</ref>

* '''Croatia: A History''' by Ivo Goldstein

*'''Totalitarianism''': Dictionary Of Pol. Science by Yadav, Nanda & T.R <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qMTpikvGSGkC&pg=PA435&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=gA3mS9rXM8yIkAX9_PTqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Dictionary Of Pol. Science] by Yadav, Nanda & T.R</ref>

 

*'''Australia's Four Corners''': UDBA activities in [[Australia]] from the 1960's- The Framed Croatian Six in Australia.<ref>'''Australia Four Corners''': UDBA activities in [[Australia]] from the 1960's- The Framed Croatian Six in Australia.</ref>

*'''Croatians in Australia''': Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants by Ilija Sutalo. The Framed Croatian Six in Australia <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=vyv9ShOL7HwC&pg=PT272&lpg=PT272&dq=abc+THE+FRAMED+CROATIAN+SIX++Croatians+in+Australia&source=bl&ots=oE4yDCmyGT&sig=3CAFMhhmPgvrUlKX2JAiseYAZFg&hl=en&ei=CCu4S5PRFMyLkAW327jJCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Framed%20Croatian%20Six%20in%20Australia&f=false  Croatians in Australia]: Pioneers, Settlers and Their Descendants by Ilija Sutalo </ref>

*Self-management as system was only slightly more efficient than the Soviet model. It was bureaucratised and cumbersome and could not compete with Western economies. People could obtain so much free or for less than the market price (e.g. apartments) that they could be obtain without work. All this made the settling of accounts in the 1980s and in the post-socialist age more difficult.

*'''Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe''' by Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas & Instytut Historii. (page 232 )<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&pg=PA232&lpg=PA343&dq=tito+and+totalism&source=bl&ots=LNGYsznRx8&sig=iYLcH-77Q2qkDPHDIM0PGmB9glc&hl=en&ei=qWy5S_OvCMqOkQX-trn_DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Josip%20broz&f=false Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe] by Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas & Instytut Historii.</ref>

 

* '''Titoism''': Webster.com <ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/titoists Webster.com] </ref>

*In Tito’s system no interest or ideas could be expressed in a truly democratic way. This did most harm where feelings of ethnic identity were concerned because their suppression led to growth of extreme nationalism. Furthermore, the economic failure of Tito’s system, most clearly expressed in the protracted crisis of the 1980s, left people who even if they were not poor, were disillusioned and open to manipulation by demagogues. Finally Tito’s practical solutions ensured that he would retain unlimited power during his life time, but foreshadowed the problems would come after his death. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C&pg=PA187&dq=Ivo+Goldstein++Tito&hl=en&ei=ighBTLC6M8Srcb_9uaQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20economic%20failure%20of%20Tito’s%20system&f=false Croatia: A History] by Ivo Goldstein</ref>}}

* '''Governing by Committee''': Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership (page 91)<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Mi9b2yenE0kC&pg=PA91&dq=cult+of+personality+Josip+broz+tito&client=safari&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false Governing by Committee:] Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership </ref>

 

*'''Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists''': An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-by David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine &  John Strickland/Legacy Chapter (page181)<ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-By David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine &  John Strickland </ref>

("'''Ivo Goldstein''' is a Professor at the University of Zagreb. The university is the oldest (1669) and biggest in South-Eastern Europe. The university has 29 faculties, three art academies and the Centre for Croatian Studies. With its comprehensive programmes and over 50,000 full-time undergraduate and postgraduate students. It offers a wide range of academic degree courses leading to Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees in the following fields: Arts, Biomedicine, Biotechnology, Engineering, Humanities, Natural and Social Sciences.")

* '''Democratic transition in Croatia''': Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet & Davorka Matic. Chapter- History Teaching in the Time of Socialist Yugoslavia (p198)<ref>Democratic transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet & Davorka Matic </ref>

*'''A Personality Cult Transformed''': The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009<ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/ASEN/ConferencePapers/Ms.%20Tamara%20Pavasovic%20Trost%20-%20A%20Personality%20Cult%20Transformed%20The%20Evolution%20of%20Tito’s%20Image%20in%20the%20Former%20Yugoslavia%201974%20-%202009.pdf A Personality Cult Transformed:] The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009/Tamara Pavasovic Trost Ph.D. Candidate Department of Sociology Harvard University [[USA]] </ref>

* '''Public Spheres After Socialism''' by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4tSjNwjax4YC&pg=PA50&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=PRDmS4_dHsuIkAW92MjwDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Public Spheres After Socialism] by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles </ref>

*'''Nationalism and War in the Balkans''' by Aleksandar Pavkovic. (p 47)<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic.</ref>

*'''Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina''' by Mitja Velikonja. Chapter: Integral and Organic Yugoslavism (p192)<ref>Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Mitja Velikonja. </ref>

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