Changes

== Philosophy ==

== Philosophy ==

The methodological principles that underlie Ockham's philosophy, and which are frequently appealed to by him, are as follows.  ''First'', the world is composed of singulars, each of which exists of itself or through itself (''per se'').  Ockham thus denies the medieval theory of universals, according to which universals (objects supposedly signified by common terms like 'man', 'donkey') are really existing things outside the mind, distinct from the individual.  ''Second''; if any two things in the created world are really distinct, then it is possible through God's power (''per divinam potentiam'') to separate them.  ''Third'', the so-called ''Ockham's Razor'' - do not multiply entities merely in accordance with the multiplicity of names.  This is the principle which underscores Ockham's [[nominalism]].  ''Fourth'', do not make any statement unless it is either self-evident, a teaching of sacred scripture, or evident from sense-experience, or is logically deducible from these.

The methodological principles that underlie Ockham's philosophy, and which are frequently appealed to by him, are as follows.  ''First'', the world is composed of singulars, each of which exists of itself or through itself (''per se'').  Ockham thus denies the medieval theory of universals, according to which universals (objects supposedly signified by common terms like 'man', 'donkey') are really existing things outside the mind, distinct from the individual.  ''Second''; if any two things in the created world are really distinct, then it is possible through God's power (''per divinam potentiam'') to separate them.  ''Third'', the so-called ''Ockham's Razor'' - do not multiply entities merely in accordance with the multiplicity of names.  This is the principle which underscores Ockham's nominalism.  ''Fourth'', do not make any statement unless it is either self-evident, a teaching of sacred scripture, or evident from sense-experience, or is logically deducible from these.

== Work ==

== Work ==