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(taken from it.wikipedia.org [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curzola Link])
Korcula (Town)
Korcula
Korcula
Korcula (in Croatian Korčula) is the largest city of the island of Korcula in Dalmatia.
Korčula
Towns
The City of Korcula is made up of five settlements (naselje)
The City of Korcula is made up of five settlements (naselje)
Bùgnore (Žrnovo)
Bùgnore (Žrnovo)
Poponatta (Pupnat)
Poponatta (Pupnat)
Porto Barbieri [Racist or] (Račišće)
Porto Barbieri (Račišće)
Villa Chiarra (CARA)
Villa Chiarra (Čara)
History
Korcula was a bishopric from 1300 to 1828 .
Korcula was a bishopric from 1300 to 1828 .
Until 1900 the Italians (Venetians) constituted over half the population of Korcula town (and the nearby village of Petrara) [ citation needed ]. Gradually decreasing their number went with the island's annexation by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The massacres of Croatian World War II caused the flight of the last remaining native Italian in the city. [ citation needed ]
Until 1900 the Italians (Venetians) constituted over half the population of Korcula town (and the nearby village of Petrara). Gradually decreasing their number went with the island's annexation by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The massacres of Croatian World War II caused the flight of the last remaining native Italian in the city.
The Italians in Korcula in the nineteenth and twentieth century
At the census of 1910 Italians were 25% of the population of the center of Korcula and 15% of the nearby village of Petrara. In the rest of the town, as well as in the rest of the island, there were Italian. The majority of Italians were made by small artisans, especially cut-stones, masons and carpenters, trades in which these curzolani Petrara and those of teachers and were known and appreciated beyond the borders of Dalmatia. A minority, however, was made up of landowners, merchants and retailers. In 1861 curzolani political representatives of the Italian language were family members of Auditors Smerchinich (Smerkinić, of Slavic origin). In 1867 an Italian Smerchinich was elected to parliament in Vienna . However, had begun the work of slavicized of the town by the Austrian authorities, who considered the Croats loyal subjects than the Italians. In 1893 , protests against the local population, the imperial authorities did close the local Italian school and education was provided solely in Korcula in Croatia. But Korcula city continued to vote for Smerchinich compactly. Moreover, in response to the growing work of the City slavicized to Korcula, in 1895 , was founded one of the first sites of the National League, which strove for the preservation of Italian language and culture on site. However, despite the slavicized forced all the acts of local authorities and district of Korcula, in 1909 still had bilingual character. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following the end of World War I, came on to Korcula fierce disputes between Italian and Croatian.
At the census of 1910 Italians were 25% of the population of the centre of Korcula and 15% of the nearby village of Petrara. In the rest of the town, as well as in the rest of the island, there were Italian. The majority of Italians were made by small artisans, especially cut-stones, masons and carpenters, trades in which these Curzolani Petrara and those of teachers and were known and appreciated beyond the borders of Dalmatia. A minority, however, was made up of landowners, merchants and retailers. In 1861 Curzolani political representatives of the Italian language were family members of Auditors Smerchinich (Smerkinić, of Slavic origin or Smrkinić).
In 1867 an Italian Smerchinich was elected to parliament in Vienna . However, had begun the work of slavicized of the town by the Austrian authorities, who considered the Croats loyal subjects than the Italians. In 1893 , protests against the local population, the imperial authorities did close the local Italian school and education was provided solely in Korcula in Croatia. But Korcula city continued to vote for Smerchinich compactly. Moreover, in response to the growing work of the City slavicized to Korcula, in 1895 , was founded one of the first sites of the National League, which strove for the preservation of Italian language and culture on site. However, despite the slavicized forced all the acts of local authorities and district of Korcula, in 1909 still had bilingual character. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following the end of World War I, came on to Korcula fierce disputes between Italian and Croatian.
On November 4, 1918 , the Italian navy occupied the city. Many at the time, also gave some to a shipment of D'Annunzio in Korcula, similar to the story of the River. However, in 1921, Italy gave up and retreated to the island, throwing into turmoil the depression in the local Italian population (then about 900 people). The situation was aggravated by the fact that between 1918 and 1920 , the Italian authorities of occupation had incited and carried away part of the Italian local anti-Yugoslav political events rather than on. This policy had created animosity among Italians and Croats, who was afraid of the risk of reprisals at the time of the advent of the sovereignty of Yugoslavia, and the risk of an exodus of the Italian population. In March 1921, that situation occurs and the exodus of Italians Curzolani began. This was accelerated by events and rallies hostile to Italy and the Italians that were repeated every day, fueled in particular by the brothers Arneri (of Italian origin), former Austrian officials.
In May 1921 , more than half of local Italians had left the island. At the end of that year, only 180 Italians who did not stay on the island, gathered around the local school, then closed. In 1923 , the number of Italians had been reduced to 46. Many Italians, however, had preferred the Yugoslav citizenship for not losing their economic activities. Indeed, in 1933 the mixed elementary school had 40 pupils Italian town. Korcula also continued to operate the Italian Union, an association chaired by Michele Smerchinich, with 41 members remaining members of the main Italian families (Benussi, Damianovich, Depolo, Perucich, Radizza, Smerchinich, Vinz, Zanetti). At the end of World War II, however, were no longer left on Korcula Italians.
Towns and municipalities in the region of Dubrovnik-Neretva
City: Korcula (Korčula) · Metcovich (Metković) · Fort'Opus (Opuzen) · Porto Toler (Ploce) · Ragusa (Dubrovnik)
Common: Blatta (Blato) · Dubrovačko Primorje · Iagnina (Janjina) · Valley Channels (Konavle) · Norino Tower (Kula Norinska) · Lastovo (Lastovo) · Lombarda (Lumbarda) · Mljet (Mljet) · Pojezerje · Sabbioncello (Orebić ) · Slivno · Smoquizza (Smokvica) · Pond (Stone) · Trpanj (Trpanj) · Vallegrande (Vela Luka) · Zažablje · Župa dubrovačka ·
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