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=== In 1918 Korcula was part of Dalmatia ===

=== In 1918 Korcula was part of Dalmatia ===

In 1918 Korčula (then called Curzola) <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> was part of Dalmatia. Dalmatia was a province in the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire and was already more than a century old (Dalmatia itself as a region, dates back to the Roman Empire). According to the Austrian censuses it was predominately made up of [[Croatia|Croatians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (and other minorities). With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Serbia started occupying the region (Italy did the same). This was part of the ''Treaty of Rapallo''.<ref> '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''-Dalmatia:

In 1918 Korčula <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> (then called Curzola)  was part of Dalmatia. Dalmatia was a province in the [[Austria|Austro]]-Hungarian Empire and was already more than a century old (Dalmatia itself as a region, dates back to the Roman Empire). According to the Austrian censuses it was predominately made up of [[Croatia|Croatians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (and other minorities). With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Serbia started occupying the region (Italy did the same). This was part of the ''Treaty of Rapallo''.<ref> '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''-Dalmatia:

*Finally, the Treaty of Rapallo (Nov. 12, 1920) between [[Italy]] and Yugoslavia gave all Dalmatia to the Yugoslavs except the mainland Zadar (Italian: Zara) enclave and the coastal islands of Cres, Losinj (Lussino), and Lastovo. </ref>  It was interpreted back then as the formation of the Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia & Slovenia.  

*Finally, the Treaty of Rapallo (Nov. 12, 1920) between [[Italy]] and Yugoslavia gave all Dalmatia to the Yugoslavs except the mainland Zadar (Italian: Zara) enclave and the coastal islands of Cres, Losinj (Lussino), and Lastovo. </ref>  It was interpreted back then as the formation of the Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia & Slovenia.  

Funny that considering what has happened historically to the region in the last 60 - 70 years. It actually makes perfect sense that the original Slav settlers were identified and identified themselves as Slavs. Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves into separate ethnic groups which is perfectly normal. It seems that in Dalmatia the Slavic identity lasted much longer.

Funny that considering what has happened historically to the region in the last 60 - 70 years. It actually makes perfect sense that the original Slav settlers were identified and identified themselves as Slavs. Later the Slavic peoples started to identify themselves into separate ethnic groups which is perfectly normal. It seems that in Dalmatia the Slavic identity lasted much longer.

'''Historic quote''' taken from ''When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans'' by John Van Antwerp Fine:

'''Historic quote''' taken from ''When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans'' by John Van Antwerp Fine:

{{Cquote| ''"In 1262 the Venetians praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. p103</ref>}}

{{Cquote| ''"In 1262 the Venetians praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA103&dq=korcula+Venice++Slavs&hl=en&ei=oMBjTJPQBoicvgPkpPCeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=korcula%20Venice%20%20Slavs&f=false When Ethnicity Did not Matter in the Balkans:] by John Van Antwerp Fine. p103</ref>}}

There is archaeological evidence from 16 century where the Croatian identity was used. Stone writings in Zavalatica are dedicated to events from 889 AD. It describes a clash between the Slavic population and the Venetian army. Marinko Gjivoje wrote about the find in 1972. The stone writings uses: ''Hrvat Dalmatinac'' in its writings. ''Hrvat'' means Croatian in Slavic.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/script.htm History-Korcula.net] Marko Marelic-S. Francisco-USA</ref>

There is archaeological evidence from 16 century where the Croatian identity was used. Stone writings in Zavalatica are dedicated to events from 889 AD. It describes a clash between the Slavic population and the Venetian army. Marinko Gjivoje wrote about the find in 1972. The stone writings uses: ''Hrvat Dalmatinac'' in its writings. ''Hrvat'' means Croatian in Slavic.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/script.htm History-Korcula.net] Marko Marelic-S. Francisco-USA</ref>

*'''Defora''' in old Venetian means ''"from the outside"''.

*'''Defora''' in old Venetian means ''"from the outside"''.

* Regarding the Shokavian dialect (taken from-[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan): {{Cquote|''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula, and Pag. The newcomers brought their gene pool and a variety of cultural specificities, including the “Shokavian” dialect of the Croatian language to the predominantly “Chakavian” area. The most extensive migrations to these islands occurred during the Cypriote (1571-1573), Candian (1645-1669), and Morean wars (1684-1699). The newcomers were given land and awarded special privileges “The Paštrović Privileges”.'' <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan</ref>}}

* Regarding the Shokavian dialect (taken from-[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan): {{Cquote|''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula, and Pag. The newcomers brought their gene pool and a variety of cultural specificities, including the “Shokavian” dialect of the Croatian language to the predominantly “Chakavian” area. The most extensive migrations to these islands occurred during the Cypriote (1571-1573), Candian (1645-1669), and Morean wars (1684-1699). The newcomers were given land and awarded special privileges “The Paštrović Privileges”.'' <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596/reload=0;jsessionid=7BE5888928AF51ECB79DC33089D0E57A.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] by Igor Rudan</ref>}}

== Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge  ==

== Historic classifies of Korčula's political life in the following phases==

* Wikipedia and Korčula (town): {{Cquote|''Korčula, like other islands and many coastal cities in Dalmatia, also displays a dual Latin-Slav culture which developed from the late Roman era to the emergence of the modern Croatian state. Until the late 19th century, Italians made up the vast majority of the population of Korčula town while the rest of the island was almost completely inhabited by Croatians. The island therefore possesses a distinct Adriatic or Mediterranean cultural personality which sets it apart from the mountainous Dalmatian hinterland and continental Croatia further north.'' <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korčula_(town)#Culture Wikipedia: Korcula (town)]</ref>}}

 

 

== Below by [[User:Peter Z.|Peter Z.]] ==

* Indigenous population of Korčula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>

* Indigenous population of Korčula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>

* Greek colony was founded on Korcula.<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 6th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island.

* Greek colony was founded on Korčula.<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 6th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island.

[[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula#Editors Notes|Lumbarda Psephisma]] is a stone inscription on the island of Korčula, in modern-day Croatia. It is believed that the psephism is from the 4th century B.C. The Greeks established a settlement on the basis of a prior agreement with the representatives of the local Illyrians who were Pil and his son Daz.

[[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula#Editors Notes|Lumbarda Psephisma]] is a stone inscription on the island of Korčula, in modern-day Croatia. It is believed that the psephism is from the 4th century B.C. The Greeks established a settlement on the basis of a prior agreement with the representatives of the local Illyrians who were Pil and his son Daz.

* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem [[Slovenia]] and Croatia)</ref> After the Illyrian Wars. Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and '''Dalmatia'''.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korčula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  

* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem [[Slovenia]] and Croatia)</ref> After the Illyrian Wars. Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and '''Dalmatia'''.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korčula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  

* In the 6th century it came under ''Eastern Roman Empire-Byzantine''  (by then the Greek families would have been Romanized). The Illyrian population according to the [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula|''Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula'']] suffered greatly under the Romans. After the Illyrian Wars the males were excited and females were sold of to slavery. <ref>Historical Compendium of the Island of Curzola ''by'' Nicolo Ostoich (p6)</ref>

* In the 6th century it came under ''Eastern Roman Empire-Byzantine''  (by then the Greek families would have been Romanized). The Illyrian population according to the [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula|''Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula'']] suffered greatly under the Romans. After the Illyrian Wars the males were excited and females were sold of to slavery. <ref>Historical Compendium of the Island of Curzola ''by'' Nicolo Ostoich (p6)</ref>

*The Great Migrations of the 7th century, brought the Slavic peoples into the Dalmatian region. The Narentani (Neretljani Slavs) invaded the island and occupied it. They ruled it from 642 to 999

*The Great Migrations of the 7th century, brought the Slavic peoples into the Dalmatian region. The Neretljani Slavs invaded the island and occupied it. The Old-Slavic term for Korčula for was Krkar.

*Conquered by the Veneti under the management of the doge '''Pietro Orscolo''' from 999 to 1100.

*Conquered by the Veneti under the management of the doge '''Pietro Orscolo''' from 999 to 1100.

*Held by the Genoese from 1100 to 1129.

*Held by the Genoese from 1100 to 1129.

*Possessed on behalf of the king of [[Hungary]] from 1257 and with brief interruptions of the Genoese until 1418.

*Possessed on behalf of the king of [[Hungary]] from 1257 and with brief interruptions of the Genoese until 1418.

*Devoting itself of its own accord to the ''Republic of Venice'' in 1420, and held by it with exemption from any tax until 1797.

*Devoting itself of its own accord to the ''Republic of Venice'' in 1420, and held by it with exemption from any tax until 1797.

*Surrendered with the Veneto State to Napoleon I of [[France]], and united with the Kingdom of Italy from 1806 to 1807, and later from 1808 to 1813 annexed with Dalmatian to the Illyrian provinces.

*Surrendered with the Veneto State to Napoleon I of [[France]], and united with the Kingdom of Italy from 1806 to 1807, and later from 1808 to 1813 annexed with Dalmatian to the Illyrian provinces.

*Taken and held by the Russians in 1808

*Taken and held by the Russians in 1808

*Venetian & Ragusan families.

*Venetian & Ragusan families.

* Second Slavic (Croatian) migration in 17th & 18th century.

* Second Slavic (Croatian) migration in 17th & 18th century.

Korčula originally a Latin town. Latter became Latin/Slavic (Croatian), latter the Venitians arrived. Čara originally a Slavic village. ''Interesting'': Čara used to be called Hara. The [[Austria|Austria]]-Hungary census registered Čara's name as Kcara. The Statute of Korčula was first drafted in 1214. It was probably written by Latin & Slavic Nobility.

Korčula originally a Latin town. Latter became Latin/Slavic (Croatian), latter the Venitians arrived. Čara originally a Slavic village. ''Interesting'': Čara used to be called Hara. The [[Austria|Austria]]-Hungary census registered Čara's name as Kcara.  

 

 

Korčula was devastated by the plague in 1558.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZyOYDrSkX80C&pg=PA239&dq=Italian+population+Curzola&hl=en&ei=3ptXTcqwOIjSuwPI3NyrBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Italian%20population%20Curzola&f=false The Shores of the Adriatic (Illustrated Edition)] by F Hamilton Jackson (p239)</ref>

{{Cquote|''The majority of the inhabitants are descendants of the Sclavonian hordes, who invaded these parts in the seventh century and drove out the old inhabitants.The language of the country is the Herzogovine dialect of the Sclavonian, but Italian is the prevalent tongue among the well-educated classes, and is used in the public offices and courts. The remainder of the population is composed of Italins (about 40 000) who are spread throuhg the maritime towns and the sea coast'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KKcrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA291&dq=Italian+population+Curzola&hl=en&ei=8ZRXTbvtLoyMvQPgo-WqBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Italian%20population%20Curzola&f=false Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 8] by Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain) 1837</ref>}}.

* Wikipedia and Korčula (town): {{Cquote|''Korčula, like other islands and many coastal cities in Dalmatia, also displays a dual Latin-Slav culture which developed from the late Roman era to the emergence of the modern Croatian state. Until the late 19th century, Italians made up the vast majority of the population of Korčula town while the rest of the island was almost completely inhabited by Croatians. The island therefore possesses a distinct Adriatic or Mediterranean cultural personality which sets it apart from the mountainous Dalmatian hinterland and continental Croatia further north.'' <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korčula_(town)#Culture Wikipedia: Korcula (town)]</ref>}}

 

==Surnames on the west end of the island around Around 1600s==

==Surnames on the west end of the island around Around 1600s==

*de '''Ismael''' ''(Croatisation: Izmaeli)''

*de '''Ismael''' ''(Croatisation: Izmaeli)''

* Barčot

* Barčot

* Surjan ''(Surian)''

* Surjan ''(Surian)''

== Local folk song: Zbogom, Moja Bobovišća Vala ==

== Local folk song: Zbogom, Moja Bobovišća Vala ==