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User talk:Peter Z./History Notes (view source)

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*'''''Firstly''''' it appears to me that the region (former Yugoslavia/West Balkans) has problems with interpreting multicultural and ''multiethnic'' history (& societies)!
 
*'''''Firstly''''' it appears to me that the region (former Yugoslavia/West Balkans) has problems with interpreting multicultural and ''multiethnic'' history (& societies)!
   −
== Croatia  DNA-Test ==
  −
Taken from [http://www.igenea.com/index.php?c=132&st=725 www.igenea.com] <ref>[http://www.igenea.com/index.php?c=132&st=725 www.igenea.com]</ref>
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*Illyrian People 34%
  −
*Slav 20%
  −
*Celtic 18%
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*Teuton 12%
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*Phoenician 8%
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*Hellenic People 8%
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(Editors notes: Oh Dear!)
   
==If we put aside political correctness, concernig Korcula's history==
 
==If we put aside political correctness, concernig Korcula's history==
 
If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what happened to the '''Latin families''' <ref>'''Korcula''' the island became part of the Roman province of Dalmatia</ref> on the island of Korcula (Corcyra Nigra) in the 7th century when the Croatians (Slavs) invaded. The Croatians invaded the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) province of [[Directory:Fausto Veranzio#Dalmatian|Dalmatia]].
 
If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what happened to the '''Latin families''' <ref>'''Korcula''' the island became part of the Roman province of Dalmatia</ref> on the island of Korcula (Corcyra Nigra) in the 7th century when the Croatians (Slavs) invaded. The Croatians invaded the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) province of [[Directory:Fausto Veranzio#Dalmatian|Dalmatia]].
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* Indigenous population of Korcula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>
 
* Indigenous population of Korcula were '''Illyrians'''.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11 : The High Empire, AD 70-192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived in the Balkans approximately 1000 BC.<ref>The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,ISBN 0631198075-1996</ref>
 
* Greek colony was founded on Korcula.<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 6th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island.
 
* Greek colony was founded on Korcula.<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 6th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island.
 +
 +
Lumbarda Psephisma is a stone inscription on the island of Korcula, in modern-day Croatia. It is believed that the psephism is from the 4th century B.C. The Greeks established a settlement on the basis of a prior agreement with the representatives of the local Illyrians who were Pil and his son Daz.
 +
{{Cquote|'''Quote''': ''Best of luck. During the time of hieromnamon Praxidam in the month of Machaneus a contract was made to establish a colony between the people of Issa and Pil and his son Daz. Colony founders agreed upon and the people decided: those who where the first to occupy the land and built a wall around the city would get a special land to build houses within the fortified city, especially with a part, and of the land which was outside the city, so that those first people separately obtain the first lot of three plethrons separated from the land, and from the other parts, to write down (what lot and what part) each of them obtained, and in permanent ownership they (and their descendants) get one and a half plethrons each; subsequent colonists are to get from undistributed land in the field four and a half plethrons; the authorities swear never to  divide the city or land again; if someone of the authority proposes something or someone agrees against this (Psephism), let he or she be dishonoured, and his or her property should become public property; the person who kills  him or her is not to be punished……… This land was obtained and  the city walls built by: Dymanes, Hylleis & Pamphylois.'' <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=74289&lang=en Hrcak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia:] Lumbarda Psephisma, the Oldest Document about the Division of Land Parcels in Croatia from the Beginning of the 4th or 3rd Century BC by Miljenko Solaric & Nikola Solaic (University of Zagreb). </ref>}}
 +
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*Roman province of ''Illyricum'' (indigenous population of Korcula were Illyrians)
 
* The island became part of the Roman province of '''Illyricum'''. <ref>'''Encyclopedia Britannica'''.
 
* The island became part of the Roman province of '''Illyricum'''. <ref>'''Encyclopedia Britannica'''.
 
* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem [[Slovenia]] and Croatia)</ref> After the Illyrian Wars. Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and '''Dalmatia'''.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korcula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  
 
* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem [[Slovenia]] and Croatia)</ref> After the Illyrian Wars. Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and '''Dalmatia'''.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korcula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  
 
* In the 6th century it came under Byzantine Empire rule.
 
* In the 6th century it came under Byzantine Empire rule.
−
*The Great Migrations of the 6th and 7th centuries, brought the Slavic peoples<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&dq=croatian+history&q=slavs#search_anchor A History of the Croatian] by Francis Ralph Preveden (1955)</ref> into the Dalmatia region. Croatians (Slavs) arrived on the island in the 8th century.
+
*The Great Migrations of the 7th century, brought the Slavic peoples<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&dq=croatian+history&q=slavs#search_anchor A History of the Croatian] by Francis Ralph Preveden (1955)</ref> into the Dalmatia region.  
 
* Second Slavic Migration in 17th & 18th century.
 
* Second Slavic Migration in 17th & 18th century.
 
Additional:
 
Additional:
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Korcula's old name was Curzola. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar.
 
Korcula's old name was Curzola. The Old-Slavic term was Krkar.
 
(Korcula a historically a multicultural and ''multiethnic'' society)
 
(Korcula a historically a multicultural and ''multiethnic'' society)
−
== Korcula was part of Dalmatia ==
+
=== Korcula was part of Dalmatia ===
    
In 1918 Korcula (then called Curzola) was part of Dalmatia. Dalmatia was a province in the [[Austria|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] and was already more than a century old (Dalmatia itself as a region, dates back to the Roman Empire). According to the Austrian censuses it was predominately made up of Croatians and [[Italy|Italians]] (and other minorities). With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Serbia started occupying the region (Italy did the same). This was part of the ''Treaty of Rapallo''.<ref> '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''-Dalmatia:
 
In 1918 Korcula (then called Curzola) was part of Dalmatia. Dalmatia was a province in the [[Austria|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] and was already more than a century old (Dalmatia itself as a region, dates back to the Roman Empire). According to the Austrian censuses it was predominately made up of Croatians and [[Italy|Italians]] (and other minorities). With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Serbia started occupying the region (Italy did the same). This was part of the ''Treaty of Rapallo''.<ref> '''Encyclopedia Britannica'''-Dalmatia:
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The new kingdom had the support of Great Britain and [[France]], who were the superpowers of the day. In retrospect this was a tragic move, one that the [[United States]] was against. The effects of this political stupidity are still felt today. It is interesting how this newly created state “Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia & Slovenia”, which later became better know as the '''ill fated''' Yugoslavia, was given a lot of support over the succeeding decades. This part of European history surely needs more academic attention.
 
The new kingdom had the support of Great Britain and [[France]], who were the superpowers of the day. In retrospect this was a tragic move, one that the [[United States]] was against. The effects of this political stupidity are still felt today. It is interesting how this newly created state “Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia & Slovenia”, which later became better know as the '''ill fated''' Yugoslavia, was given a lot of support over the succeeding decades. This part of European history surely needs more academic attention.
 +
 +
''Signor Arneri'' stated: <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164
 +
* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref>
 +
 +
{{Cquote|These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was '''Arneri Perussich''', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the ''Siege of Candia'', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich}}
 +
 +
According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''''.<ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.
 +
*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korcula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Page 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>
    
==  Naši - The ''Us'' (ours) People ==
 
==  Naši - The ''Us'' (ours) People ==
 
*Grammatica Della Lingua '''Illirica''' by Francesco Maria Appendini (Ragusan-Dubrovnik/Italian) <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&hl=en&dq=Francesco%20Maria%20Appendini&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA Grammatica della lingua Illirica by Francesco Maria Appendini] </ref> A book on the Croatian language written in 1828. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA145&dq=Francesco+Maria+Appendini&hl=en&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false Section of the book here]
 
*Grammatica Della Lingua '''Illirica''' by Francesco Maria Appendini (Ragusan-Dubrovnik/Italian) <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&hl=en&dq=Francesco%20Maria%20Appendini&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA Grammatica della lingua Illirica by Francesco Maria Appendini] </ref> A book on the Croatian language written in 1828. [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EkIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA145&dq=Francesco+Maria+Appendini&hl=en&ei=dwRmTNwTidBxmuS4qA8&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false Section of the book here]
−
*Roman province of ''Illyricum'' (indigenous population of Korcula were Illyrians)
  −
Lumbarda Psephisma is a stone inscription on the island of Korcula, in modern-day Croatia. It is believed that the psephism is from the 4th century B.C. The Greeks established a settlement on the basis of a prior agreement with the representatives of the local Illyrians who were Pil and his son Daz.
  −
{{Cquote|'''Quote''': ''Best of luck. During the time of hieromnamon Praxidam in the month of Machaneus a contract was made to establish a colony between the people of Issa and Pil and his son Daz. Colony founders agreed upon and the people decided: those who where the first to occupy the land and built a wall around the city would get a special land to build houses within the fortified city, especially with a part, and of the land which was outside the city, so that those first people separately obtain the first lot of three plethrons separated from the land, and from the other parts, to write down (what lot and what part) each of them obtained, and in permanent ownership they (and their descendants) get one and a half plethrons each; subsequent colonists are to get from undistributed land in the field four and a half plethrons; the authorities swear never to  divide the city or land again; if someone of the authority proposes something or someone agrees against this (Psephism), let he or she be dishonoured, and his or her property should become public property; the person who kills  him or her is not to be punished……… This land was obtained and  the city walls built by: Dymanes, Hylleis & Pamphylois.'' <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=74289&lang=en Hrcak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia:] Lumbarda Psephisma, the Oldest Document about the Division of Land Parcels in Croatia from the Beginning of the 4th or 3rd Century BC by Miljenko Solaric & Nikola Solaic (University of Zagreb). </ref>}}
      
*Below taken'' from'' Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina by John Gardner Wilkinson. Published in 1848 (p33).
 
*Below taken'' from'' Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina by John Gardner Wilkinson. Published in 1848 (p33).
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* [[Korcula Dialect]] ''(or Korčulanski)'' is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korcula in Croatia. According to the Croatian Anthropological Society in their Collegium Antropologicum  (Volumes 15-16) the language base of the Korcula dialect is Chakavian Croatian (it is also intermixed with Shokavian).<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&ct=result&id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&q=korcula#search_anchor Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991.Pages 312 & 318.</ref> The dialect has remnants of the extinct Romance language, ''Dalmatian''. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. Page 311.</ref> The Dalmatian remnants within the dialect have been referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has influences of Venetian.  
 
* [[Korcula Dialect]] ''(or Korčulanski)'' is a Croatian dialect from the island of Korcula in Croatia. According to the Croatian Anthropological Society in their Collegium Antropologicum  (Volumes 15-16) the language base of the Korcula dialect is Chakavian Croatian (it is also intermixed with Shokavian).<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&ct=result&id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&q=korcula#search_anchor Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991.Pages 312 & 318.</ref> The dialect has remnants of the extinct Romance language, ''Dalmatian''. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. Page 311.</ref> The Dalmatian remnants within the dialect have been referred to as Corzulot. Additionally it has influences of Venetian.  
 
*'''Defora''' in old Venetian means ''"from the outside"''.
 
*'''Defora''' in old Venetian means ''"from the outside"''.
−
===Island of Korcula===
  −
''Signor Arneri'' stated: <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago.p164
  −
* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref>
  −
  −
{{Cquote|These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was '''Arneri Perussich''', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the ''Siege of Candia'', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich}}
  −
  −
According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''''.<ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.
  −
*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korcula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Page 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>
  −
   
== Local folk song: Zbogom, Moja Bobovišća Vala ==
 
== Local folk song: Zbogom, Moja Bobovišća Vala ==
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== Concerns over Dalmatian Articles (other Croatian articles too) and Wikipedia ==
 
== Concerns over Dalmatian Articles (other Croatian articles too) and Wikipedia ==
 
Firstly it appears that Wikipedia has problems with interpreting the history of the Dalmatian region, with  it's multicultural and multiethnic history (& societies). There is a editing bias that seems to pre-vale  and in the end and the articles will then reflect ''points off view'', rather being encyclopaedic. As events are unfolding the bias goes mainly towards the former Communist Yugoslavia (or other-depending on the situation).
 
Firstly it appears that Wikipedia has problems with interpreting the history of the Dalmatian region, with  it's multicultural and multiethnic history (& societies). There is a editing bias that seems to pre-vale  and in the end and the articles will then reflect ''points off view'', rather being encyclopaedic. As events are unfolding the bias goes mainly towards the former Communist Yugoslavia (or other-depending on the situation).
 +
== Croatia  DNA-Test ==
 +
Taken from [http://www.igenea.com/index.php?c=132&st=725 www.igenea.com] <ref>[http://www.igenea.com/index.php?c=132&st=725 www.igenea.com]</ref>
    +
*Illyrian People 34%
 +
*Slav 20%
 +
*Celtic 18%
 +
*Teuton 12%
 +
*Phoenician 8%
 +
*Hellenic People 8%
 +
(Editors notes: Oh Dear!)
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
Peter Z.
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