Changes

== Ethnic cleansing, Concentration Camps and other post WW2 Camps ==

== Ethnic cleansing, Concentration Camps and other post WW2 Camps ==

Ethnic cleansing of [[Directory:Germany|Germans]], [[Hungary|Hungarians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (Foibe massacres) were carried out in Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=RWZLZaxPUXQC&pg=PA17&dq=Communist+Retaliation+and+Persecution+on+Yugoslav+Territory+During+and+After+germans&lr=lang_en&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=true Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann] -The following article deals with repressive measures undertaken by communist-dominated Partisan forces during and especially after WWII in order to take revenge on former enemies, to punish collaborators, and “people’s enemies“ and to decimate and eliminate the potential of opponents to a new, socialist Yugoslavia. The text represents a summary of a master thesis referring to the above-mentioned topic written and accepted at '''Vienna University''' in 2002.</ref><ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010 ] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson.

Ethnic cleansing of [[Directory:Germany|Germans]], [[Hungary|Hungarians]] and [[Italy|Italians]] (Foibe massacres) were carried out in Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=RWZLZaxPUXQC&pg=PA17&dq=Communist+Retaliation+and+Persecution+on+Yugoslav+Territory+During+and+After+germans&lr=lang_en&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=true Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After WWII Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann] -The following article deals with repressive measures undertaken by communist-dominated Partisan forces during and especially after WWII in order to take revenge on former enemies, to punish collaborators, and “people’s enemies“ and to decimate and eliminate the potential of opponents to a new, socialist Yugoslavia. The text represents a summary of a master thesis referring to the above-mentioned topic written and accepted at '''Vienna University''' in 2002.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=%22forty+days+of+Trieste%22&source=bl&ots=vV1YtYVNWt&sig=La9eWoqpk9YOCTXzBJ-zEAlHhK4&hl=it&ei=ixkbStyiHYuV_QbgxtnYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell. Page 138</ref><ref>[http://books.google.be/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA89&vq=trieste&dq=%22In+Opicina,+after+a+bomb&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco & Konrad Eisenbichler. Page 89</ref><ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares-During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of Communist rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas.</ref> Referenced information below:

 

*The killing continued after the war, as Tito's victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in Austria turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 killed between spring and autumn 1945.

*The killing continued after the war, as Tito's victorious forces took revenge on their real and perceived enemies. British forces in Austria turned back tens of thousands of fleeing Yugoslavs. Estimates range from 30,000 to 55,000 killed between spring and autumn 1945.

*Native German and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people—half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia—fled in 1945, and many who remained were compelled to do forced labor, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 ethnic Italians fled to Italy in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=%22forty+days+of+Trieste%22&source=bl&ots=vV1YtYVNWt&sig=La9eWoqpk9YOCTXzBJ-zEAlHhK4&hl=it&ei=ixkbStyiHYuV_QbgxtnYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell. Page 138</ref><ref>[http://books.google.be/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA89&vq=trieste&dq=%22In+Opicina,+after+a+bomb&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco & Konrad Eisenbichler. Page 89</ref><ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares-During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of Communist rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas.</ref>

*Native German and Hungarian communities, seen as complicit with wartime occupation, were brutally treated; tantamount in some cases to ethnic cleansing. The Volksdeutsch settlements of Vojvodina and Slavonia largely disappeared. Perhaps 100,000 people—half the ethnic German population in Yugoslavia—fled in 1945, and many who remained were compelled to do forced labor, murdered, or later ransomed by West Germany. Some 20,000 Hungarians of Vojvodina were killed in reprisals. Albanian rebellions in Kosovo were suppressed, with prisoners sent on death marches towards the coast. An estimated 170,000 ethnic Italians fled to Italy in the late 1940s and 1950s. (All of these figures are highly approximate.)<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/yugoslavia  www.enotes.com "Yugoslavia." Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 26 Jun, 2010 ] Yugoslavia: Genocide & Crimes Against Humanity-Mark Thompson. </ref>

In 1946 the Yugoslav Camps<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"]  

In 1946 the Yugoslav Camps<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on “Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"]  

Milko Mikola: COMMUNIST CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND LABOUR CAMPS IN SLOVENIA:  

Milko Mikola: COMMUNIST CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND LABOUR CAMPS IN SLOVENIA:  

* From Foreign Office to Belgrade, 15 August 1947  '''Waddams''', vice-consul Ljubljana 1945, considers he may be the diplomatic representative referred to in the trial, as both Furlan and Sirc were the only people who helped him to get the Ljubljana consulate going when he first opened it. He considers this the probable reason for their sentence.  </ref> a British Government representative who had lived outside of Belgrade, said:  

* From Foreign Office to Belgrade, 15 August 1947  '''Waddams''', vice-consul Ljubljana 1945, considers he may be the diplomatic representative referred to in the trial, as both Furlan and Sirc were the only people who helped him to get the Ljubljana consulate going when he first opened it. He considers this the probable reason for their sentence.  </ref> a British Government representative who had lived outside of Belgrade, said:  

''“He knew first hand of ten concentration camps and had talked with inmates from nearly all of them. “ The tale is always the same, he said “ Starvation, overcrowding, brutality and death condition, which make Dachau and Buchenwald mild by comparison. Many Slovenes who were released from Dachau at the end of the war came home only to find themselves in a Slovene camp within a few days. It is from these people that the news has come that the camps are worse than Dachau.” Out of a Slovene population of 1,200,000, Waddams believes that 20,000 to 30,000 were imprisoned." '' <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1j1QdPMockC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=Frank+Waddams,+a+British+representative+who+had+lived+outside+of+Belgrade&source=bl&ots=0ogZwcLZau&sig=fTZXy1TLYBQBJnbyYCoeyZ61ABw&hl=en&ei=e13IStXNJZiQ6APPjMXKDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Waddams%2C%20%20British%20representative%20who%20had%20lived%20outside%20of%20Belgrade&f=false Frank Waddams, a British representative in the former Yugoslavia] Death by Government by R. J. Rummel.Page 354. </ref>

:''“He knew first hand of ten concentration camps and had talked with inmates from nearly all of them. “ The tale is always the same, he said “ Starvation, overcrowding, brutality and death condition, which make Dachau and Buchenwald mild by comparison. Many Slovenes who were released from Dachau at the end of the war came home only to find themselves in a Slovene camp within a few days. It is from these people that the news has come that the camps are worse than Dachau.” Out of a Slovene population of 1,200,000, Waddams believes that 20,000 to 30,000 were imprisoned." '' <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=N1j1QdPMockC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=Frank+Waddams,+a+British+representative+who+had+lived+outside+of+Belgrade&source=bl&ots=0ogZwcLZau&sig=fTZXy1TLYBQBJnbyYCoeyZ61ABw&hl=en&ei=e13IStXNJZiQ6APPjMXKDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Waddams%2C%20%20British%20representative%20who%20had%20lived%20outside%20of%20Belgrade&f=false Frank Waddams, a British representative in the former Yugoslavia] Death by Government by R. J. Rummel.Page 354. </ref>

*British Consulate, Ljubljana to British Ambassador Belgrade, 22 August 1947:  

*British Consulate, Ljubljana to British Ambassador Belgrade, 22 August 1947:  

''A brief reading of the newspaper reports, however, will suffice to make it clear that the trial was first and foremost a gigantic political propaganda stunt whose double aim was first to show Britain and America as the irreconcilable enemies of the new Yugoslavia, and second, finally to frighten off anyone who might still think that it is possible to associate with officials of the Western countries and get away with it.

:''A brief reading of the newspaper reports, however, will suffice to make it clear that the trial was first and foremost a gigantic political propaganda stunt whose double aim was first to show Britain and America as the irreconcilable enemies of the new Yugoslavia, and second, finally to frighten off anyone who might still think that it is possible to associate with officials of the Western countries and get away with it.

''

''

===Harry Truman===

===Harry Truman===

On the 23rd of April in 1948, in a speech [[Directory:Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]] (the President of [[USA]]) stated:

On the 23rd of April in 1948, in a speech [[Directory:Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]] (the President of [[USA]]) stated:

"''I am told that Tito murdered more than 400 000 of the opposition in Yugoslavia before he got himself established there as a dictator"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-Xkv7ym8hDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War&client=safari&cd=1#v=snippet&q=%20tito%20trade%20papers%20four%20hundred%20thousand&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees: Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified documents''' to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in U.S. foreign policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War. After World War II, the United States considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SekQBzQMteEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=josip+broz+Tito++harry+truman&source=gbs_book_other_versions#v=snippet&q=Tito%20&f=falsee Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman:] Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce. Page 219</ref>

:"''I am told that Tito murdered more than 400 000 of the opposition in Yugoslavia before he got himself established there as a dictator"'' <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-Xkv7ym8hDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Keeping+Tito+Afloat:+The+United+States,+Yugoslavia,+and+the+Cold+War&client=safari&cd=1#v=snippet&q=%20tito%20trade%20papers%20four%20hundred%20thousand&f=false Keeping Tito Afloat] by Lorraine M. Lees: Tito Afloat draws upon newly '''declassified documents''' to show the critical role that Yugoslavia played in U.S. foreign policy with the communist world in the early years of the Cold War. After World War II, the United States considered Yugoslavia to be a loyal Soviet satellite, but Tito surprised the West in 1948 by breaking with Stalin. Seizing this opportunity, the Truman administration sought to "keep Tito afloat" by giving him military and economic aid.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SekQBzQMteEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=josip+broz+Tito++harry+truman&source=gbs_book_other_versions#v=snippet&q=Tito%20&f=falsee Woodrow Wilson and Harry Truman:] Mission and Power in American Foreign Policy by Anne R. Pierce. Page 219</ref>

===Franjo Tudman===

===Franjo Tudman===

Joze Dezman (director of the National Museum of Contemporary History in Ljubljana, [[Slovenia]])  described the fundamental characteristics of the post-Second World War crimes:  

Joze Dezman (director of the National Museum of Contemporary History in Ljubljana, [[Slovenia]])  described the fundamental characteristics of the post-Second World War crimes:  

''"Killing civilians and prisoners of was ''after'' [[Second World War]] is the greatest massacre of unarmed people of all times in Slovenian territory. Compared to Europe, the Yugoslav communist massacres after the Second World War are probably right after the Stalinist purges and the Great Famine in the Ukraine. The number of those killed in Slovenia in spring of 1945 can now be estimated at more than 100,000, Slovenia was the biggest post- War killing site in Europe. It was a mixture of events, when in Slovenia there are retreating German units, collaborator units, units of Independent State of Croatia, Chetniks and Balkan civilians; more than 15,000 Slovenia inhabitants were murdered as well. Because of its brevity, number of casualties, way of execution and massiveness, it is an event that can be compared to the greatest crimes of communism and National Socialism."'' [http://internationallawobserver.eu/2009/06/22/responding-to-post-second-world-war-totalitarian-crimes-in-slovenia/ International Law Observer]

:''"Killing civilians and prisoners of was ''after'' [[Second World War]] is the greatest massacre of unarmed people of all times in Slovenian territory. Compared to Europe, the Yugoslav communist massacres after the Second World War are probably right after the Stalinist purges and the Great Famine in the Ukraine. The number of those killed in Slovenia in spring of 1945 can now be estimated at more than 100,000, Slovenia was the biggest post- War killing site in Europe. It was a mixture of events, when in Slovenia there are retreating German units, collaborator units, units of Independent State of Croatia, Chetniks and Balkan civilians; more than 15,000 Slovenia inhabitants were murdered as well. Because of its brevity, number of casualties, way of execution and massiveness, it is an event that can be compared to the greatest crimes of communism and National Socialism."'' [http://internationallawobserver.eu/2009/06/22/responding-to-post-second-world-war-totalitarian-crimes-in-slovenia/ International Law Observer]

== Media ==

== Media ==