Changes

The Yugoslav Communist state propaganda machine shared much with the Soviet Union. The Soviet format was imposed and then slightly modified. Tito's cult of personality was no different.<ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post communist’ by Paul Hollander.

The Yugoslav Communist state propaganda machine shared much with the Soviet Union. The Soviet format was imposed and then slightly modified. Tito's cult of personality was no different.<ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post communist’ by Paul Hollander.

“Virtually every communist system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.”

“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald,''' Josip Broz Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations.”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Mi9b2yenE0kC&pg=PA91&dq=cult+of+personality+Josip+broz+tito&client=safari&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false Governing by Committee:] Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership, page 91</ref><ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-By David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine &  John Strickland/ page181 Legacy Chapter</ref> The Yugoslav Communist state used youth indoctrination (Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia), which were all too similar to the Soviet Union (Young Pioneer of the Soviet Union) and the [[People's Republic of China]].  

“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald,''' Josip Broz Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations.”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Mi9b2yenE0kC&pg=PA91&dq=cult+of+personality+Josip+broz+tito&client=safari&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false Governing by Committee:] Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership, page 91</ref><ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series)-By David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine &  John Strickland/ page181 Legacy Chapter</ref> The Yugoslav Communist state used youth indoctrination (Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia), which were all too similar to the Soviet Union (Young Pioneer of the Soviet Union) and the [[People's Republic of China]].  

Communist political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. They can be found in any Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. Encyclopaedias were written in the same style as the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. They were used as a propaganda weapon to show the superiority of Titoism and the Socialist Yugoslavia to other societies and political systems.<ref>Democratic transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet, Davorka Matic Chapter- History Teaching in the Time of Socialist Yugoslavia, page 198</ref>

[[Communists|Communist]] political, historical and philosophical courses were all part of general education. They can be found in any Yugoslav primary school textbook from the 1970s. Encyclopaedias were written in the same style as the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. They were used as a propaganda weapon to show the superiority of Titoism and the Socialist Yugoslavia to other societies and political systems.<ref>Democratic transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education & Media by Sabrina P. Ramet, Davorka Matic Chapter- History Teaching in the Time of Socialist Yugoslavia, page 198</ref>

[[Media]] and arts were used as a powerful means of propaganda and were all placed under heavy censorship.<ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/ASEN/ConferencePapers/Ms.%20Tamara%20Pavasovic%20Trost%20-%20A%20Personality%20Cult%20Transformed%20The%20Evolution%20of%20Tito’s%20Image%20in%20the%20Former%20Yugoslavia%201974%20-%202009.pdf A Personality Cult Transformed:] The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009/Tamara Pavasovic Trost Ph.D. Candidate Department of Sociology Harvard University [[USA]]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4tSjNwjax4YC&pg=PA50&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=PRDmS4_dHsuIkAW92MjwDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Public Spheres After Socialism] by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles</ref> Josip Broz Tito was the main subject. Images, monuments, towns, street names, endless awards were given and a never ending production of books, films and poetry<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman. This international anthropological project is a study of the closure of political authority in the 20th century and consists of a Website, databases of research materials, an audio-visual essay, and a book. Six anthropologists, led by Cornell professor John Borneman, take up the end of an authority crisis that spanned most of this century, 1917-1991, and that crystallized around four state political forms: Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and the State Socialist regimes of East Germany, '''Yugoslavia''', Romania, and the Soviet Union. </ref> were created. Financially a huge amount of resources were used to keep the Communist propaganda and political activities running on a daily basis.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic.Page 47</ref><ref>Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Mitja Velikonja. Ref/Chapter Integral and Organic Yugoslavism, page 192 </ref>

[[Media]] and arts were used as a powerful means of propaganda and were all placed under heavy censorship.<ref>[http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/ASEN/ConferencePapers/Ms.%20Tamara%20Pavasovic%20Trost%20-%20A%20Personality%20Cult%20Transformed%20The%20Evolution%20of%20Tito’s%20Image%20in%20the%20Former%20Yugoslavia%201974%20-%202009.pdf A Personality Cult Transformed:] The Evolution of Tito’s Image in the Former Yugoslavia 1974 – 2009/Tamara Pavasovic Trost Ph.D. Candidate Department of Sociology Harvard University [[USA]]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=4tSjNwjax4YC&pg=PA50&dq=Titoism+Totalitarianism&hl=en&ei=PRDmS4_dHsuIkAW92MjwDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q=Titoism%20Totalitarianism&f=false Public Spheres After Socialism] by Angela Harutyunyan, Kathrin Horschelmann & Malcolm Miles</ref> Josip Broz Tito was the main subject. Images, monuments, towns, street names, endless awards were given and a never ending production of books, films and poetry<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=TjOsyebOTS8C&pg=PA152&dq=yugoslavia+tito+cult&lr=&as_brr=3#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20tito%20cult&f=false Death of the Father:] An Anthropology of the end in Political Authority by Di John Borneman. This international anthropological project is a study of the closure of political authority in the 20th century and consists of a Website, databases of research materials, an audio-visual essay, and a book. Six anthropologists, led by Cornell professor John Borneman, take up the end of an authority crisis that spanned most of this century, 1917-1991, and that crystallized around four state political forms: Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and the State Socialist regimes of East Germany, '''Yugoslavia''', Romania, and the Soviet Union. </ref> were created. Financially a huge amount of resources were used to keep the Communist propaganda and political activities running on a daily basis.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic.Page 47</ref><ref>Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Mitja Velikonja. Ref/Chapter Integral and Organic Yugoslavism, page 192 </ref>