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'''Robert Kilwardby''' (Robertus Kilwardby , Robertus Cantuariensis, Robertus Ridverbius, Robertus Anglicus, Robertus de Aucumpno, Robertus Parisiensis) was a medieval philosopher and theologian.
'''Robert Kilwardby''' (Robertus Kilwardby , Robertus Cantuariensis, Robertus Ridverbius, Robertus Anglicus, Robertus de Aucumpno, Robertus Parisiensis)
== Life ==
== Life ==
There are no details of his early life, although he is known to have studied at [[University of Paris|Paris]]. It is possible that he studied with Richard Fishacre at [[Oxford University (Medieval)|Oxford]] in the early 1240s, as some of their ideas are similar. He taught in the arts faculty of the University of Paris in the late 1240s but left around 1250 to study theology. As a member of the arts faculty in the 1240s Kilwardby would not have been allowed to teach theology or touch on theological issues. He had a reputation as an able commentator on Aristotle during this period, at at time when Aristotle was increasingly studied and taught in the Latin West.
He later came to be regarded as a theologian and his reputation, combined with his appointment in 1273 as Archbishop of Canterbury, made him powerful in the church. He had a reputation for conscientiousness in his clerical duties (not always a given in the Middle Ages) and for piety. He died at the papal court in Viterbo, Italy, on September 11, 1279.
== Work ==
== Work ==
Among Kilwardby’s most important works are De ortu scientiarum (1250); his Sentences-commentary (1252), and his Letter to Peter Conflans (1277). ''De ortu scientiarum'' is a defence of Christian Platonism. Like Bonaventure, Kilwardby argued that the inner reality of the physical world was music but unlike Bonaventure he claimed Aristotle as an authorities for his opinions. He derived the idea of music as a mathematical science from Aristotle’s position in the Posterior Analytics that music is a subordinate science to arithmetic, and so one of the ''scientiae mediae'', lying between mathematics and physics.
== Influence ==
== Influence ==
Kilwardby is now best known for his intervention in the academic affairs of the University of Oxford in 1277, the [[Directory:Logic_Museum/Oxford_condemnations_of_1277|Oxford condemnations]].
==Primary sources ==
==Primary sources ==
=== Editions ===
* De ortu scientiarum. Albert G. Judy, ed. London: British Academy, 1976.
* On Time and Imagination. O. Lewry, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.
* Quaestiones in libros I-IV Sententiarum. Ed. Johannes Scheider (I); Gerhard Leibold (II); E. Gössmann, G. Leibold (III); Gerd Haverling (IV). Munich: Bayerisches Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1986–1995.
* S. Ebbesen & H.A.G. Braakhuis (ed), Anonymi Erfordensis (= Roberti Kilwardby ?) Sophisma TANTUM UNUM EST. [[Directory:Logic Museum/CIMAGL#1997|CIMAGL 1997]]
* Commentary on 'Priscianus Maior' ascribed to Kilwardby, [[Directory:Logic Museum/CIMAGL#1975|CIMAGL 1975]]
**1*-11* Jan Pinborg, Introduction to the text
**12*-17* Osmund Lewry, The Problem of the authorship
**18*-20* & 1-146 Karin Margareta Fredborg, Niels Joergen Green-Pedersen, Lauge Nielsen, Jan Pinborg (eds.), Selected texts
=== Translations ===
* ''On Time and Imagination'', Pt 2, ''Introduction and Translation'', ed. A. Broadie, Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy.
=== Other ===
* Commentary on Aristoteles, Praedicamenta>
* Commentary on Aristoteles, Praedicamenta>
* Scriptum super librum Peryhermeneias
* Scriptum super librum Peryhermeneias
** MS Cambridge, Peterhouse 206
** MS Cambridge, Peterhouse 206
* Commentary on Pseudo-Priscian, De accentibus>
* Commentary on Pseudo-Priscian, De accentibus>
* Commentary on Analytica Priora>
* Commentarius in libros Priorum analyticorum
** ''In libros Priorum Analyticorum expositio'', Venice 1516 (under the name Aegidius Romanus), reprint Frankfurt am Main: Minerva, 1968.
* Commentary on Ethica nova und Ethica vetus>
* Commentary on Ethica nova und Ethica vetus>
* Antwort auf 43 Fragen von Johannes Vercelli
* Antwort auf 43 Fragen von Johannes Vercelli
* Commentarius in De accentibus Prisciani
* Commentarius in De accentibus Prisciani
* Commentarius in Isagoge Porphyrii
* Commentarius in Isagoge Porphyrii
* Commentarius in libum Elenchorum
* Commentarius in libum Elenchorum
* Commentarius in Priscianum majorem
* Commentarius in Priscianum majorem
* Tractatus de tempore (De tempore)
* Tractatus de tempore (De tempore)
==Secondary sources ==
==Secondary sources==
* Judy, A.G. “Introduction.” In De ortu scientiarum. London: British Academy, 1976.
* McAleer, G.J. The Science of Music: A Platonic Application of the Posterior Analytics in Robert Kilwardby, De ortu scientiarum. Acta Philosophica (2003) 12: 323–335.
* McAleer, G.J. The Presence of Averroes in the Natural Philosophy of Robert Kilwardby. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie (1999) 81: 33–54.
* Sharp, D. E. The 1277 Condemnation of Kilwardby. NewScholasticism (1934) 8: 306–318.
* Sharp, D. E. The Philosophy of Richard Fishacre. New Scholasticism (1933) 7: 283–297.
* Sommer-Seckendorff, Ellen Mary Frances. Studies in the Life of Robert Kilwardby. Rome: Istituto Storico Domenicano, 1937.
== Links ==
== Links ==
[[Category:Philosophers]]
[[Category:Philosophers]]
<div style="overflow:auto;height:1px;">
[[Bcmp Pages:=3]]
[[Birth Date:=1215]]
[[Flourished:=1250]]
[[Birth_Country_Name:=England]]
[[Death Date:=1279]]
[[Death_City:=Viterbo]]
[[Death_Country_Name:=Italy]]
</div>
