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Organon (view source)

Revision as of 17:45, 14 February 2010

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{{two other uses|Aristotle's works on logic|other uses|Organon (disambiguation)|a discussion of Aristotelian logic as a system|term logic}}
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{{Aristotelianism}}
   
The '''''Organon''''' (Greek word meaning "tool") is the name given by [[Aristotle]]'s followers, the [[Peripatetic school|Peripatetic]]s, to the standard collection of his six works on [[logic]]. The works are ''[[Categories (Aristotle)|Categories]]'', ''[[De Interpretatione|On Interpretation]]'', ''[[Prior Analytics]]'',  ''[[Posterior Analytics]]'', ''[[Topics (Aristotle)|Topics]]'' and ''[[Sophistical Refutations]]''.
 
The '''''Organon''''' (Greek word meaning "tool") is the name given by [[Aristotle]]'s followers, the [[Peripatetic school|Peripatetic]]s, to the standard collection of his six works on [[logic]]. The works are ''[[Categories (Aristotle)|Categories]]'', ''[[De Interpretatione|On Interpretation]]'', ''[[Prior Analytics]]'',  ''[[Posterior Analytics]]'', ''[[Topics (Aristotle)|Topics]]'' and ''[[Sophistical Refutations]]''.
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All the major scholastic philosophers wrote commentaries on the ''Organon''.  [[Aquinas]], [[William of Ockham|Ockham]] and [[Scotus]] wrote commentaries on ''On Interpretation''.  Ockham and [[Scotus]] wrote commentaries on the ''Categories'' and ''Sophistical Refutations''.  [[Grosseteste]] wrote an influential commentary on the ''Posterior Analytics''.
 
All the major scholastic philosophers wrote commentaries on the ''Organon''.  [[Aquinas]], [[William of Ockham|Ockham]] and [[Scotus]] wrote commentaries on ''On Interpretation''.  Ockham and [[Scotus]] wrote commentaries on the ''Categories'' and ''Sophistical Refutations''.  [[Grosseteste]] wrote an influential commentary on the ''Posterior Analytics''.
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In the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] there was a revival of interest in logic as the basis of rational enquiry, and a number of texts, most successfully the [[Port-Royal Logic]], polished Aristotelian term logic for pedagogy.  During this period, while the logic certainly was based on that of Aristotle, Aristotle's writings themselves were less often the basis of study.  There was a tendency in this period to regard the [[logical system]]s of the day to be complete, which in turn no doubt stifled innovation in this area. However [[Francis Bacon]] published his ''[[Novum Organum]]'' ("The New ''Organon''") as a scathing attack in [[1620 in literature|1620]] <ref>The Teaching Company - Birth of the Modern Mind</ref>.  [[Immanuel Kant]] thought that there was nothing else to invent after the work of Aristotle, and a famous logic historian called [[Karl von Prantl]] claimed that any logician who said anything new about logic was "confused, stupid or perverse." These examples illustrate the force of influence which Aristotle's works on logic had. Indeed, he had already become known by the Scholastics (medieval Christian scholars) as "The Philosopher", in large part due to the influence he had upon Aquinas. It was not until the early modern period that Aristotelian logic fell out of favor.
      
Since the logical innovations of the 19th century, particularly the formulation of modern [[predicate logic]], Aristotelian logic has fallen out of favor among many [[analytic philosophy|analytic philosophers]].  Though predicate logic is predominant in much of analytic philosophy, defenders of Aristotelian logic remain: for example, [[Henry Babcock Veatch|Henry Veatch]].
 
Since the logical innovations of the 19th century, particularly the formulation of modern [[predicate logic]], Aristotelian logic has fallen out of favor among many [[analytic philosophy|analytic philosophers]].  Though predicate logic is predominant in much of analytic philosophy, defenders of Aristotelian logic remain: for example, [[Henry Babcock Veatch|Henry Veatch]].
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==References==
 
==References==
Ockham
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