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[[File:250px-Croatia-Dalmatia-1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Dalmatia (the dark purple) within todays modern [[Croatia]]. The island of Korcula is marked red.]]

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The '''Zuvela''' surname has strong roots originating from the western end of the island of Korcula in [[Croatia]]. Its original spelling was '''Xuvella'''. There are other variations on the surname; Xuvélla, Zuvella and Žuvela (to name a few). In the Croatian language the Ž is pronounced as J in French ''''J'''acques', so Ž is zh.

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The '''Zuvela''' surname has strong roots originating from the western end of the island of Korcula in [[Croatia]]. Its original spelling was ''Xuvella''. There are other variations on the surname; Xuvélla, Zuvella and Žuvela (to name a few). In the Croatian language the Ž is pronounced as J in French ''''J'''acques', so Ž is zh.

= The Zuvela’s Arrived on the West End of Korcula in the Early 1600s =

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The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica''' (in Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''"). There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian).The information is taken from 'Vela Luka from 1490 to 1834.

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The Zuvela’s arrived on the west end of Korčula in the early 1600’s and settled in a small field called '''Rasohatica''' (in Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''"). There are still small remnants of stone huts there to this day. First time the surname ''Xuvella'' was mentioned was in Blato in a document dated 2nd of February '''1642'''.<ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian ''or'' Hrvatski).The information is taken from 'Vela Luka from 1490 to 1834.

'''NOTE''': Maričić received this information from: 'Sources for the History of the Island of Korčula' by Ante Kalogjera, Zagreb (Izvori za povijest otoka Korčula 1980, written in Croatian). The book has many translations of old records of the Venetian Republic in relation to Korčula (from Venetian-Italian to standard Croatian).</ref>

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We can summarise in Blato on 2nd of February, 1642 on the island of Korčula, part of the Republic of Venice, a contract of land transaction was concluded. The neighboring land mentioned was in Postražišće. This neighboring land belonged to Antonio Xuvella (modern Croatian: Antun Žuvela) without mentioning the family origin, for example; ''son of ...... .'' This is the first record that mentions the Zuvela family.

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We can summarise in the village of Blato on the 2nd of February, 1642 on the island of Korčula, part of the Republic of Venice, a contract of land transaction was concluded. The neighboring land mentioned was in Postražišće. This neighboring land belonged to Antonio Xuvella (modern Croatian ''or'' Hrvatski: Antun Žuvela) without mentioning the family origin, for example family lineage ''via'' the father; ''son of .......'' . This is the first record that mentions the Zuvela family.

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According to surviving documents <ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian).The information is taken from 'Vela Luka from 1490 to 1834.

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According to surviving documents <ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian).The information is taken from 'Vela Luka from 1490 to 1834 - Slike iz Velalučke Prošlosti'.

</ref> we also have '''Antonio Xuvella''' (Autun) having:

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'''1.''' Property in Postražišće, ~~(proir) to~~ 1642.

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'''1.''' Property in Postražišće, 1642.

'''2.''' Being a witness for a document signing in 22/05/1644.

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'''3.''' ~~Exchanged 211 sheep for a~~ house in Blato ~~(Velikom Ućijaku~~).

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'''3.''' Having house ownership in the village (Blato) prior to 18/04/1649, date of exchange.

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~~'''4.''' Having house ownership in the village (Blato) prior to 18/04/1649, date of exchange.~~

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At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta ''or'' in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where exactly the original Zuvelas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice <ref>Note: In old Venetian 'Repùblega de Venèsia' also know as La Serenissima </ref> did have population movement within her eastern Mediterranean empire and did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]] (i.e. Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref>). Many of them were Christians from the Ottoman Empire <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

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At the time, Korčula was part of the ''Republic of Venice'' within the Venetian Dalmatia province<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> (Dalmazia Veneta ''or'' in old Venetian: Dalmàssia). From where exactly the original Zuvelas migrated is still a mystery to this editor. The Republic of Venice <ref>Note: In old Venetian 'Repùblega ~~Vèneta~~' also know as La Serenissima </ref> did have population movement within her eastern Mediterranean empire and did accept refugees and migrants within her boundaries during her long history. They came from all parts of [[Europe]] (i.e. Spain <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA116&dq=history+of+dalmatia+Spain+Spalato&hl=en&ei=9oL1TK61LYmxcbzkqOYE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro:] With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina -Volume 1 ''by'' John Gardner Wilkinson (p116).</ref>). Many of them were Christians from the Ottoman Empire <ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC2121596;jsessionid=D7FB2EB2AF6E1C5733100CA2C94C626F.jvm1 The Land of 1000 Islands] ''by'' Igor Rudan Copyright © 2006 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

*"''However, the clashes between the Ottoman Empire and Venetian Republic produced extensive migrations from the mainland areas, especially from today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the eastern parts of the islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and Pag.''"</ref> which ruled the Balkans for centuries.

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The Greek versions of the name are Antonios (Αντώνιος) and Antonis (Αντώνης) but this doesn’t help as the writing as mentioned before was in old Venetian. </ref>).

===Zuvelas Abandoned Rasohatica===

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The Zuvelas abandoned Rasohatica and moved to live in the village of Blato. From there members of the Zuvela family moved to (and ~~helped to establish)~~ the town ~~of Vela Luka~~. It is interesting to note that the Zuvelas by the 1690s had houses in the bay of Vela Luka (farm/work cottages in the bay ''or'' as per map of Korčula by V.M Coronelli 1688, warehouses of sardines and wine).

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The Zuvelas abandoned Rasohatica and moved to live in the village of Blato. From there members of the Zuvela family moved to the Bay of Vela Luka (and participated in establishing the town). It is interesting to note that the Zuvelas by the 1690s had houses in the bay of Vela Luka (farm/work cottages in the bay ''or'' as per map of Korčula by V.M Coronelli 1688, warehouses of sardines and wine).

Zuvelas were engaged in sheep farming, construction and limestone klins. We have more; agriculture, fishing and seafaring just to mention a few occupations. They also liked to build on their land circular drywall cottages (locally Vrtujak also other names in the region; Kažun, Trullo, etc.).

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</ref>

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~~The~~ information concerning the early Zuvelas of Korčula ~~is taken from~~ a local 19th century historian from Blato called Nikola Ostojic (below): {{quote|

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Some early information concerning the early Zuvelas of Korčula was written by a local 19th century historian from Blato called Nikola Ostojic (below): {{quote|

'''''36'''. Xuvella. Of these people I don’t have old memories [any history] except for their primitive residence that was in Rasohatica from where they moved to Blato, Velikom Ucijaku. Afterwards from the 1700s they built large houses and floors/attics/lofts which now remain largely empty because of their move to Vela Luka'' <ref>Vela Luka-Historijsko Topografski Prikaz/Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola by Nikola Ostojić ''Eng'': Vela Luka - Historical Topographic View</ref>}} He wrote a book about the small town of Vela Luka in '''1852'''. As we can see by 1852 Nikola Ostojic states that the Zuvelas had no origin stories/old memories (as he puts it), which means by the mid 1850's it was not know from where they came from. The family by then had been on Korčula for over 215 years and had lost their history. The book was published in 1953 (in Croatian) and was originally written in [[Italy|Italian]] (with a slight Venetian dialect).

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During the time of the writing of Nikola Ostojic's book (Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola), Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12) written in Croatian.</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries. In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian. </ref><ref>Illyrian is taken '''from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> , was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then ~~slowly~~ replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the late 1850s started to introduce a process of Croatisation, (Neo Shtokavian a form of Croato-Serbian) within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>

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During the time of the writing of Nikola Ostojic's book (Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola), Italian was the official language of the Dalmatian province<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci (p12) written in Croatian.</ref> at the time and had been so for centuries. In the late 1850s the Croatian language which was referred to as '''Illyrian'''<ref> Osnovna Škola "Vela Luka" Vela Luka Zbornik-150 Godina Školstva u Velaoj Luci, (p.50) written in Croatian. </ref><ref>Illyrian is taken '''from Illyricum''' which was a province of the Roman Empire. It was named after one of the indigenous peoples in that region. Please note it was later established that the Slavic Croatian language had nothing to do with the ancient Illyrian population of Europe. </ref> was introduced by the [[Austria|Austrian]] authorities as a second standardised language within the Kingdom of Dalmatia (Konigreich Dalmatien, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). It then replaced Italian altogether. Thus the surname Xuvella became '''Žuvela'''. From the late 19th century onwards the [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatian Italian]] culture has all but disappeared from the region. The last Italian language government school was abolished in Korčula on the 13th of September 1876.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kMXURN7sxh4C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=The+Italians+of+Dalmatia+Curzola+school&source=bl&ots=Sx1bUxdn1A&sig=YCATl36eEUduI42Azs0GVUeepBo&hl=en#v=onepage&q=The%20Italians%20of%20Dalmatia%20Curzola%20school&f=false The Italians of Dalmatia] by Luciano Monzali (p83)</ref><ref>'''Editor's Note''': In the neighbouring '''Kingdom of Croatia''' (within Austro-Hungarian Empire, Königreich Kroatien - Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie) a [[Croatia|Croatian]] nationalistic movement was established and alongside that, within the Balkan region a Pan-Slavic movement was growing (the beginnings of the ill fated Yugoslavia). These political on goings started to be felt in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The [[Austria|Austrians]] in the late 1850s started to introduce a process of Croatisation, (Neo Shtokavian a form of Croato-Serbian) within the Kingdom of Dalmatia a standardised Croatian language sometimes referred to as Illirski. It then replaced Italian altogether. In effect the government undertook culture genocide. For centuries the Italian language was the official language of the Dalmatian establishment. It was also the spoken language in white-collar, civil service and merchant families. For a few years Italian schools were still being run privately in the Kingdom of Dalmatia, i.e the city of Zadar and Split (Lega Nazionale at Spalato).</ref>

* Beginnings of Formal Education - Vela Luka states:

{{quote|

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"''The article analyses the preparations for the foundation of the first regular primary school in Vela Luka based on numerous archival materials and bibliography. The school was founded as '''''Scuola Elementare Minore''''' in 1857. The introductory part examines a general context, i.e. development of Vela Luka as a town and a parish until the-mid 19th century. The article also gives a brief outline of formal education of girls.''"</ref>

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Historically the mother tongue of the majority of the population of the island of Korčula (in particularly the west end) is ~~old~~ Croatian.<ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (c. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in Latin it was written Sclaveni. Slavic tribes invaded the region of''' Roman Dalmatia''' in the early Middle Ages. Prior to the arrival of the Slavs, Roman Dalmatia was mainly inhabited by a '''Roman Latin-Illyrian''' population. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"'' c. 880 AD). Branimir was a '''Slav''' from Dalmatia.</ref> The [[Korcula Dialect|Korčula dialect]] <ref>NOTE: The local dialect is sometimes referred to as ''Naski'' or more correctly ''Naški''. The '''š''' is pronounced '''sh'''.

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Historically the mother tongue of the majority of the population of the island of Korčula (in particularly the west end) is Old Croatian.<ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The term Slav was first used by the Byzantines (i.e. Procopius-Byzantine scholar, Jordanes- 6th century Roman bureaucrat) and was recorded in the 6th century (c. 550) in Greek (Σκλαβῖνοι-Sklabenoi). Later in Latin it was written Sclaveni. Slavic tribes invaded the region of''' Roman Dalmatia''' in the early Middle Ages. Prior to the arrival of the Slavs, Roman Dalmatia was mainly inhabited by a '''Roman Latin-Illyrian''' population. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"'' c. 880 AD). Branimir was a '''Slav''' from Dalmatia.</ref> The [[Korcula Dialect|Korčula dialect]] <ref>NOTE: The local dialect is sometimes referred to as ''Naski'' or more correctly ''Naški''. The '''š''' is pronounced '''sh'''.

*Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (an 19 century [[United Kingdom|English]] historian. October 5, 1797 – October 29, 1875) was an English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "the Father of British Egyptology". He referred to the Dalmatian Slavic (old Croatian) as Illirskee. Cited from [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ONQBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA33&dq=Dalmatia+and+Montenegro+Naski&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv0ZjBzdDVAhXLG5QKHXe0DwAQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=Dalmatia%20and%20Montenegro%20Naski&f=false Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina] by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. (p33)</ref> of the local Croatian language acquired many influences over the centuries, such as the now extinct [[Latin]] Romance language Dalmatian,<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=KZMjAQAAIAAJ&q=Dalmatian+language+korcula&dq=Dalmatian+language+korcula&hl=en&ei=WmNGTPzMH4GyvgPGq_i4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ Collegium Antropologicum, Volumes 15-16] by Croatian Anthropological Society-1991. (p311)</ref> Venetian and others. It has to be taken into account that some parts of the population were bilingual (''or'' even multilingual).

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''13. EPIDEMIC 1617.

It swept all of Dalmatia, but left the most severe consequences on the island of Korčula. It appeared first with the sailors of the Venetian ship (as N. Ostojić describes) who wintered in Korčula that year. Suburban homes had to be emptied to turn into dwellings for diseased sailors. The contagion soon spread to citizens and within a few months more than half of the population had died. A particularly devastating disease was, according to the data, for wealthier residents, so many entire noble families who had a reputation [history] for their homeland were extinct.}}

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=== New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) 1892-1924 ===

[[File:Korcula Postcard 1902.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A '''Korcula''' postcard from 1902 in Italian.]]

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Peter Ante Zuvela immigrated from the Austro-Hungarian Empire with his sisters Marija and Vica to the USA. In 1912 he married Marija Oreb (also from Vela Luka, Korčula). They had 10 children and 37 grandchildren. Peter worked in the iron ore mines and on commercial fishing boats. In 1937 the whole family of 10 kids moved to Washington state (USA) and settled in Everett where he lived until his death in 1964. Back in the old country (Korčula), he would have been know as Petar Žuvela - Ante. Ante is a family Zuvela clan nickname.

[[File:PZ Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966).jpg|thumb|left|490px|Peter Zuvela (1889-1964) and Marija Oreb (1891-1966) Taken in their back yard in Everett Washington (circa 1950’s).]]

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==New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island)==

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==THE OLD (stare) XUVELLAs==

Based on the records and information which are available to me, I have come to this conclusion written below. My research is largely based on the writings of Zvonko Maričić and Don Ivo Oreb (family tree research) ''plus'' Nikola Ostojic's original book (for viewing) and four 'Family Trees of the Zuvelas' that were kindly given to me.

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[[File:St Damian.jpg|thumb|right|455px|The '''Chapel''' off Saint Cosmas (Kuzma) and Saint Damian on the island of Korčula. The foundations are from the 6th century AD (Roman), whilst the rest of the ''Chapel'' was rebuilt in the 11 century. The Chapel is on the Blato Field near by Blato and Rasohatica. Photo by [[Peter Zuvela]] ]]

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[[File:St Damian.jpg|thumb|right|455px|The '''Chapel''' off Saint Cosmas (Kuzma) and Saint Damian on the island of Korčula. The foundations are from the 6th century AD (Roman), whilst the rest of the ''Chapel'' was rebuilt in the 11 century. The Chapel is on the Blato Field near by Blato and Rasohatica. Photo by [[Peter Zuvela]] ]]

'''CONCLUSION'''

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The Zuvelas came to the Republic of Venice's, Dalmazia Veneta in the 1620s most likely refugees from Greece (Greco-Venetian original Zouvello modern Zouvela Greek: Ζουβέλα or Zouvelos, Ζουβέλος). They settled in the west end of the island of Korčula (previously ''also know'' as Curzola <ref>Greek: Kórkyra Melaena or Κόρκυρα Μέλαινα, and Corcyra Nigra (Latin)</ref>). Temporary residency was set up in a small field called Rasohatica (previously know ''as'' Rasohatija). After that they moved to Blato (previously also know as Blatta).

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The Zuvelas came to the Republic of Venice's, Dalmazia Veneta in the 1620s most likely refugees from Greece (Greco-Venetian original Zouvello modern Zouvela Greek: Ζουβέλα or Zouvelos, Ζουβέλος). They settled in the west end of the island of Korčula (previously ''also know'' as Curzola <ref>Greek: Kórkyra Melaena or Κόρκυρα Μέλαινα, and Corcyra Nigra (Latin)</ref>). Temporary residency was set up in a small field called Rasohatica (previously know ''as'' Rasohatija). After that they moved to Blato (previously '''also''' know as Blatta).

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'''Antonio Xuvella''' comes up in my research that is '''not''' recorded as being born on Korčula (not registered ''via'' church records of births). However Antonio (modern Croatian: Antun) is mentioned in the town documents <ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian). It mentions '''Antun''' who is not part of the Zuvela Korčula born family ~~trees~~ (''or'' any family ~~tree~~). This could indicate him as a Korčula island '''migrant''' arrival, also read '''ref 1'''.</ref> and his record is the oldest which was in Blato dated 2nd of February 1642.

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'''Antonio Xuvella''' comes up in my research that is '''not''' recorded as being born on Korčula (not registered ''via'' church records of births). However Antonio (modern Croatian: Antun) is mentioned in the town documents <ref>Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834 ''by'' Zvonko Maričić (p168, written in Croatian). It mentions '''Antun''' (Antonio) who is not part of the Zuvela Korčula born family tree (''or'' any family trees). This could indicate him as a Korčula island '''migrant''' arrival, also read '''ref ''' 7</ref> and his record is the oldest which was in Blato dated 2nd of February 1642.

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~~Antonio~~ Xuvella (Antun) was probably the father of the Zuvela family because his generation (records wise) is older than the others. I have come to a conclusion based on family naming traditions that his wife might have been called Jacquilin, Greek: Zaklín or Ζακλίν (Cro: Jaka). They had five sons and the first are written according to the historical original sources (the translation work is done by Don Ivo Oreb of his family tree research) and one being from Zvonko Maričić (ref 25).

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Xuvella (Antun) was probably the father of the Zuvela family because his generation (records wise) is older than the others. I have come to a conclusion based on family naming traditions that his wife might have been called Jacquilin, Greek: Zaklín or Ζακλίν (Cro: Jaka, Jakica). They had five sons and the first are written according to the historical original sources (the translation work is done by Don Ivo Oreb of his family tree research) and one being from Zvonko Maričić (ref 25).

There names are:

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'''5.''' Nicolo

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In Don Ivo Oreb's work there are no dates of birth. His ''Croatian version'' is based on the source documents that are written in Venetian Italian.

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In Don Ivo Oreb's work there are no dates of birth for these individuals. His ''Croatian version'' is based on the source documents that are written in Venetian Italian.

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==The Newly Arrived Xuvella's Started Families==

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With the current data available.

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'''1.''' son Matteo/'''modern Matij''' had a son called '''Antun''' (Antonio) who was born in '''1651''' on Korčula (mostly likely first born on the island of Korčula). <ref>According to two of the Zuvela family ~~tree~~ Ante (Antonio) was '''born 1651''' and is the son of Matteo/Matij. Matteo/Matij Xuvella is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family ~~tree~~ as being born on the island of Korčula.</ref>

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'''1.''' son Matteo/'''modern Matij''' had a son called '''Antun''' (Antonio) who was born in '''1651''' on Korčula (mostly likely first born on the island of Korčula). <ref>According to two of the Zuvela family trees Ante (Antonio) was '''born 1651''' and is the son of Matteo/Matij. Matteo/Matij Xuvella is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family trees as being born on the island of Korčula.</ref>

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'''Antun''' (Antonio ''or'' Ante 1651) then married '''Frana''' and they had '''five''' children (Matteo's grand children and Antonio's great grand children):

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'''Antun''' (Antonio ''or'' Ante b.1651) then married '''Frana''' and they had '''five''' children (Matteo's grand children and Antonio's great grand children):

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* Matij born 1670 (Matij married Kata Farčić ''or'' Katarina <ref>Katarina per birth certificate of their son Autun (Antonio) born 27th of April 1712 in Blato. Kata Farčić is per marriage certificate recorded 27th of April 1709 in Blato (island of Korčula) then part of the Republic of Venice.</ref>)

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* Matij born 1670 (Matij married Kata Farčić ''or'' Katarina <ref> Katarina per birth certificate of their son Autun (Antonio) born 27th of April 1712 in Blato. Kata Farčić is per marriage certificate recorded 27th of April 1709 in Blato (island of Korčula) then part of the Republic of Venice.</ref>)

* Marin 1675

* Ivan 1681

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'''2. '''son Cosma/'''Kuzma''' had a son called Ivan

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(Based on Zvonko Maričić's work <ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes ''"…. or Ivan [Giovanni] son of the late Kuzma [Cosma] 22nd of December 1672"''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168 (written in Croatian). According to Zvonko Maričić, Ivan was a witness to a contract being signed in 1672 and '''his''' father was '''Kuzme'''. Kuzma is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family trees as being born on the island, this may indicate him as a migrant arrival.)

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(Based on Zvonko Maričić's work <ref>Info obtain ''via'' Zvonko Maričić's work. He writes ''"…. or Ivan [Giovanni] son of the late Kuzma [Cosma] 22nd of December 1672"''. Referenced from 'Vela Luka od 1490 do 1834' by Zvonko Maričić, page 168 (written in Croatian). According to Zvonko Maričić, Ivan was a witness to a contract being signed in 1672 and '''his''' father was '''Kuzme'''. Kuzma (Cosma) is not part of the Zuvela Korčula family trees as being born on the island, this may indicate him as a migrant arrival.)

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'''Please note''': It would seem that the old Xuvellas could read. We are looking at Old Venetian-Italian. </ref>)

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'''Please note''': It would seem that the old Zuvela/Xuvellas could read. We are looking at Old Venetian-Italian. </ref>)

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One has to ask, is it possible that the Zuvela families are all descended from the individuals mentioned above? It’s most likely true. We may also be looking at the original residents of Rasohatica and Blato!

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Importantly the early Zuvelas in economic terms were no time wasters (wealth might have been brought with them). A Mr Antonio Xuvella in the 1640s was an owner of no less than 211 sheep. The Zuvelas moved to the near by village of Blato and bought, acquired houses and properties there, later land and properties acquired ''or'' bought in and around the bay of Vela Luka (previously ''also know'' as Vallegrande (Latin: vallem maximam).

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Importantly the early Zuvelas in economic terms were no time wasters (wealth might have been brought with them). A Mr Antonio Xuvella in the 1640s was an owner of no less than 211 sheep. The Zuvelas moved to the near by village of Blato and bought, acquired houses and properties there, later land and properties acquired ''or'' bought in and around the bay of Vela Luka (previously ''also know'' as Vallegrande. Latin: vallem maximam).

For many centuries Romance Latin language called Dalmatian <ref>Smiciklas, ''CD'' V, (p237); N. Klaic, ''Povijest Hrvata u Razvijenom'', (p130): ''"In 1262 the Venetian praised the Slavs and Latins on the island of Korcula for submitting to the prince Venice had sent."''

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=Zuvela Vrtujaks=

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There are circular dry stone buildings (Vrtujak/Rotunda/Trullo) on the island of Korčula in CROATIA which are mainly found in the west end of the island. There are around 20 of them in the region (according to Maja Šunjić and Ivan Tabain: VRTUJCI i PICUNI). Most were built by the Zuvela families (Vela Luka - Blato area). Locally they are called ‘Vrtujak’. The vrtujak term in the Croatian language references the circular nature of the structure. Rotunda type circular dry stone structures seem to have been built during the Republic of Venice period but these unique architectural field stone buildings (mainly around the town of Vela Luka) were built in 19th century. Some have been dated even as late as the early 20th century.

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There are circular dry stone buildings (Vrtujak/Rotunda/Trullo) on the island of Korčula in CROATIA which are mainly found in the west end of the island. There are around 20 of them in the region (according to Maja Šunjić and Ivan Tabain: VRTUJCI i PICUNI 2020). Most were built by the Zuvela families (Vela Luka - Blato area). Locally they are called ‘Vrtujak’. The vrtujak term in the Croatian language references the circular nature of the structure. Rotunda type circular dry stone structures seem to have been built during the Republic of Venice period but these unique architectural field stone buildings (mainly around the town of Vela Luka) were built in 19th century. Some have been dated even as late as the early 20th century.

Other circular dry stone buildings which are near Korčula are (locally) on the island of Brač where they are called Bunje ''or'' Kućice, and there are also some on Hvar (Trima). They are also located in Istria, ‘Kažun’ in Croatia and are in and around the town of Alberobello (in the province of Bari, Italy).

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term could have been ''''Rotunda'''' as in ‘Heretov Rotunda’.The builder of Heretov Rotunda was Petar Žuvela Dvojar 'Here' (1874-1927). It has been written the older term for Vrtujak was Kućica (small house).<ref>VRTUJCI I PICUNI by Maja Šunjić and Ivan Tabain 2020 (in Croatian)</ref>]]

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== See also ==

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=See also=

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[[File:Book detail 19th century.jpg|thumb|right|550px|Detail of Nikola Ostojic's book (front cover: Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola) from the 19th century were the Zuvela/Xuvellas are mentioned.]]

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* [[Korcula Dialect|Korcula Dialect]]

* [[Directory:Korcula History 2 |Korcula History, Romans & Venice]]

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* [[Vallegrande Speak|Old Vela Luka Dialect]]

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~~==Notes and References==~~

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~~<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">~~

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~~<references />~~

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~~</div>~~

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~~<br>~~

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==External links==

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=External links=

* [http://www.apartmanija.hr/slike/slike_gradovi/korcula.jpg Photo link for a '''aerial view''' of Korcula Town]

* [http://www.korculainfo.com/ Korcula Info]

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* [http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=zuvelpa01 Paul Zuvella - former USA Major League Baseball player]

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* [http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=zuvelpa01 Paul '''Zuvella''' - former USA Major League Baseball player]

* [http://www.natashazuvela.com/ Natasha Zuvela - Australian TV Presenter, Speaker and Author]

* [http://www.berserkalert.com.au/ Tony Zuvela - Australian cartoonist]

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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trullo Trullo]

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~~[[File~~:~~Book detail 19th century.jpg|thumb|left|550px|Detail of Nikola Ostojic's book (front cover~~: ~~Vallegrande nell' isola di Curzola) from the 19th century were the Xuvellas are mentioned.]]~~

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=Notes and References=

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</div>

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<br>

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Peter Z.

7,881

edits