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== Korcula Town ==

== Korcula Town ==

Curzola <ref>[http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1227026&t=w Curzola und Lagosta (1901) - K.u.K. Militärgeographisches Institut - 1:75 000 - ZONE 34 – KOL XVI]</ref><ref>Curzola in: [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Mostar_-_35-43.jpg Blatt 35-43 der Generalkarte von Mitteleuropa 1:200.000 der Franzisco-Josephinischen Landesaufnahme, Österreich-Ungarn, ab 1887]</ref> (in ''Croatian'' Korčula) <ref>'''Editors note''': In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''". </ref> is the largest town of the island of Korčula in [[Croatia]]. <ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322146/Korcula|title='''"Korcula."''' '''Encyclopædia Britannica'''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Sat. 04 June. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-06-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korčula#Geography|title=Wikipedia: Korčula-Geography, 2011. Sat. 04 June. 2011.|date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-06-04}}</ref>

Curzola <ref>[http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1227026&t=w Curzola und Lagosta (1901) - K.u.K. Militärgeographisches Institut - 1:75 000 - ZONE 34 – KOL XVI]</ref><ref>Curzola in: [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Mostar_-_35-43.jpg Blatt 35-43 der Generalkarte von Mitteleuropa 1:200.000 der Franzisco-Josephinischen Landesaufnahme, Österreich-Ungarn, ab 1887]</ref> (in ''Croatian'' Korčula) <ref>'''Editors note''': In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''". </ref> is the largest town of the island of Korčula in [[Croatia]]. <ref>'''"Korcula."''' '''Encyclopædia Britannica'''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Sat. 04 June. 2011.</ref><ref>Wikipedia: Korčula-Geography, 2011. Sat. 04 June. 2011.</ref>

=== Location (Località) ===

=== Location (Località) ===

The town of Korčula <ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korčula_(town)|title=Wikipedia: Korčula Town, 2011. Sat. 04 June. 2011.|date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-06-04}}</ref> is made ​​up of five settlements (naselje):

The town of Korčula <ref>Wikipedia: Korčula Town, 2011. Sat. 04 June. 2011.</ref> is made ​​up of five settlements (naselje):

* Korčula (Curzola)  

* Korčula (Curzola)  

* Žrnovo (Bùgnore)

* Žrnovo (Bùgnore)

In 1909, however, despite the slavitization, all the acts of local authorities in the district of Korčula  still had bilingual character. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following the end of [[World War I]], fierce disputes between Italians and Croatians occurred in Korčula.

In 1909, however, despite the slavitization, all the acts of local authorities in the district of Korčula  still had bilingual character. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary following the end of [[World War I]], fierce disputes between Italians and Croatians occurred in Korčula.

On November 4, 1918, the Italian navy occupied the city. However, in 1921, Italy gave up and retreated from the island, throwing it into turmoil and causing depression in the local Italian population (then about 900 people). The situation was aggravated by the fact that between 1918 and 1920, the Italian occupying authorities had incited and caused part of the Italian anti-Yugoslav conflict. This created animosity between Italians and Croats, <ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD). Branimir was a Slav from Dalmatia. Hrvat or ''Horoúathos'' are names of '''Sarmatian''' origins. In 1853 a Russian archaeologist ''Pavel Mikhailovich Leontjev'' discovered the Tanais Tablets. The Tanais Tablets mention three men:  Horoúathos, Horoáthos, and Horóathos (Χορούαθ[ος], Χοροάθος, Χορόαθος). They are written in [[Greece|Greek]] and are from the 3rd century AD from the city of Tanais, today's Azov, Russia. At that time the region had a mixed Greek - Sarmatian population.</ref> who were afraid of the risk of reprisals at the time of the advent of the sovereignty of Yugoslavia and the exodus of the Italian population.  

On November 4, 1918, the Italian navy occupied the city. However, in 1921, Italy gave up and retreated from the island, throwing it into turmoil and causing depression in the local Italian population (then about 900 people). The situation was aggravated by the fact that between 1918 and 1920, the Italian occupying authorities had incited and caused part of the Italian anti-Yugoslav conflict. This created animosity between Italians and Croats, <ref>'''Editors note''': Recent DNA studies have stated that more than three quarters of today's Croatian men are the descendants of Europeans who inhabited Europe 13 000-20 000 years ago. The first primary source (factual-that its authenticity isn't disputed) to mention the Croatian-Hrvat identity in the Balkans was '''Duke Branimir''' (Latin:'' "Branimiro comite dux cruatorum cogitavit"''  c. 880 AD). Branimir was a Slav from Dalmatia.</ref> who were afraid of the risk of reprisals at the time of the advent of the sovereignty of Yugoslavia and the exodus of the Italian population.  

In March 1921 the exodus of Italians from Korčula began. This was accelerated by events and rallies hostile to Italy that were repeated daily fuelled in particular by the brothers Arneri (of Italian origin), <ref>Editors note: Arneri were originally Slavs, their surname was Perussich ''or'' Piruzović.  Referenced from: [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=E_NBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=AsG-TYzeBIa0vwOH4OWsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] by Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago. (p164)

In March 1921 the exodus of Italians from Korčula began. This was accelerated by events and rallies hostile to Italy that were repeated daily fuelled in particular by the brothers Arneri (of Italian origin), <ref>Editors note: Arneri were originally Slavs, their surname was Perussich ''or'' Piruzović.  Referenced from: [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=E_NBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=AsG-TYzeBIa0vwOH4OWsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] by Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago. (p164)

* [[Korcula Dialect]]

* [[Korcula Dialect]]

* [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula| Korcula History]]

* [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula| Korcula History]]

* [[Directory:Korcula History 2 |Korcula History 2]]

* [[Directory:Korcula History 2 |Korcula History, Romans & Venice]]

* [[Dalmatian Italians]]

* [[Dalmatian Italians]]

== External links (not from the original article)==

== External links (not from the original article)==

* [http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Italians_of_Dalmatia.html?id=kMXURN7sxh4C The Italians of Dalmatia:] From Italian Unification to World War I ''written'' by Luciano Monzali:

* [http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Italians_of_Dalmatia.html?id=kMXURN7sxh4C The Italians of Dalmatia:] From Italian Unification to World War I ''written'' by Luciano Monzali:

{{Cquote|''Located on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, the area known as Dalmatia, part of modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, was part of the Austrian Empire during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Dalmatia was a multicultural region that had traditionally been politically and economically dominated by its Italian minority. In "The Italians" of Dalmatia , Luciano Monzali argues that the vast majority of local Italians were loyal to and supportive of Habsburg rule, desiring only a larger degree of local autonomy. ''  

{{quote|

''Located on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, the area known as Dalmatia, part of modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, was part of the Austrian Empire during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Dalmatia was a multicultural region that had traditionally been politically and economically dominated by its Italian minority. In "The Italians" of Dalmatia , Luciano Monzali argues that the vast majority of local Italians were loyal to and supportive of Habsburg rule, desiring only a larger degree of local autonomy. ''  

''An Italian national consciousness developed only in response to pressure from Slavic national movements and was facilitated by the emergence of a large, unified, and independent Italian state. Using little-known Italian, Austrian, and Dalmatian sources, Monzali explores the political history of Dalmatia between 1848 and 1915, with a focus on the Italian minority, on Austrian-Italian relations and on the foreign policy of the Italian state towards the region and its peoples.''}}

''An Italian national consciousness developed only in response to pressure from Slavic national movements and was facilitated by the emergence of a large, unified, and independent Italian state. Using little-known Italian, Austrian, and Dalmatian sources, Monzali explores the political history of Dalmatia between 1848 and 1915, with a focus on the Italian minority, on Austrian-Italian relations and on the foreign policy of the Italian state towards the region and its peoples.''}}