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| Map of Earth | |
| Longitude (λ) | |
|---|---|
| Appear curved and vertical in this projection, but are actually halves of great circles. | |
| Latitude (φ) | |
| Appear straight and horizontal in this projection, but are actually circular with different radii. All locations with a given latitude are collectively referred to as a circle of latitude. | |
| The equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere, and has a latitude of 0°. | 
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