Sophismata

Sophismata (from the Latin plural of the Greek word meaning 'sophism') im Medieval philosophy are difficult or puzzling sentences presenting difficulties of logical analysis that must be solved. Sophismata-literature grew in importance during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and many important developments in philosophy (particularly in logic and natural philosophy) occurred as a result of investigations into their logical and semantic nature.

Sophismata

[In progress]

Primary Sources

Author	Collection	Manuscripts
Anonymus	Abstractiones Digbeianae	Oxf. Bodl. Digby 2 : 123r-140v.
Anonymus	Abstractiones Regiae	London BL Royal 12.F.xix: 112vA-115rB.
Anonymus	Abstractiones Venetae	Ven. Marc. Z. 302: 167vA-170vA.
Anonymus	Ars sophistica (Dist. 2.26)	Praha MK M.80 : 155vB-156vB (?)
Anonymus	De hac dictione 'semper'	Paris BN lat. 8802 (26v.)
Anonymus	De hoc verbo 'vult'	Paris BN lat. 3454 (163r.)
Anonymus	De signativis dictionibus	Cambr. Gonville & Caius 434/434: 21vA-22vB.
Anonymus	Distinctiones 2.21	Avranches BN 224: 1r-3v..
Anonymus	Distinctiones 2.22 (Sophistaria Morguntina)	Meinz, Stadtbibliothek 616, 1rA-29vB.
Anonymus	Distinctiones 2.23	Paris 4720A: 45rA-52vB.
Anonymus	Distinctiones Parisienses "Notandum"	Paris BN lat. 4720A: 67vA-69vB.
Anonymus	Distinctiones sophismatum " circa singula " (Dist. 2.25(1))	Paris BN lat. 15170: 24rA-34vB.
Anonymus	Distinctiones sophismatum 2.25(2)	Paris BN lat. 15170: 35rA-36rA.
Anonymus	Distinctiones sophismatum 2.25(3)	Paris BN lat. 15170: 58rB…
Anonymus	Opus puerorum	Ms Amiens, BM, 406: 130rA-154vA.
Anonymus	Regulae syncategorematum	Ms Vat. Lat. 4546 Ir-v+1r-11r.
Anonymus	Sophismata de signativis universalibus	Ms Erfurt, CA 4o276: 2rA-4rB.
Anonymus	Sophisma ?	Cambr. G.&C. 512/543 (~5-6.)
Anonymus	Sophisma " Nihil nihil est "	Paris BN lat. 3454: 184v.
Anonymus	Sophismata	Paris BN lat. 16618: 137r-152v.
Anonymus	Sophismata	Paris BN lat. 15170 (~52v-53v.)
Anonymus	Sophismata	Madrid 1565: 79rA-113rA + 105-113 ?
Anonymus	Sophismata Canonicana media	Oxford Bodl. Canon. Class. Lat. 311: 35vA-36vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Canonicana posteriora	Oxford Bodl. Canon. Class. Lat. 311: 37rA-40vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Canonicana priora	Oxford Bodl. Canon. Class. Lat. 311: 9rA-33vA.
Anonymus	Sophismata determinata a maioribus magistris Parisius tam gallicis quam anglicis	Vat. lat. 7678:1rA-72vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata gramaticalia	Paris BN lat. 3454: 45rA-48rA.
Anonymus	Sophismata Ionannina altera	Cambr. St. John’s College D.25: 87r-93v.
Anonymus	Sophismata Ionannina prima	Cambr. St. John’s College D.25: 75rA-75vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Ionannina quarta	Cambr. St. John’s College D.25: 96r-100r.
Anonymus	Sophismata Ionannina quinta	Cambr. St. John’s College D.25:107rA-112vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Ionannina tertia	Cambr. St. John’s College D.25: 95(bis)r.
Anonymus	Sophismata monacensia 3852	Ms München, BSB, clm 3852: 44rA-53vA.
Anonymus	Sophismata Norimbergensia	Nürnberg, Stadtbibliothek, Cent.V.21: 54r-58r, 77v-79v, 125rA-B.
Anonymus	Sophismata Orielensia	Oxford, Bodlian Lib. Oriel 33: 385vA-410vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Palatina	Vat. Pal. lat. 1202: 245r-250r & 279r-288v.
Anonymus	Sophismata Parisina 16089	Paris, BN lat. 16089?
Anonymus	Sophismata Parisina nal 1374	Ms Paris, BNF, n.a.l. 1374: 87rA-109rA
Anonymus	Sophismata Pragensia	Praha Mk 83 : 1-66vB ?
Anonymus	Sophismata Upsaliensia	MS Uppsala, BU, C.604: 82rA-92vB
Anonymus	Sophismata variorum	Cambridge, Gonville & Caius. 611/341: 47vB-60vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Vaticana 14812	Vat. lat. 14812 (formerly 14718.)
Anonymus	Sophismata Vaticana 3061	Vat. lat. 3061: 22vA-45rA.
Anonymus	Sophismata Vaticana Palatina 1202	Vat. Pal. Lat. 1202, 245-250.
Anonymus	Sophismata Veneta altera	Ven. Marc. lat. Z.302: 170vA-176vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Veneta prima	Ven. Marc. lat. Z.302: 56rA-119vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Veneta tertia	Ven. Marc. lat. Z.302: 194vB-195rA & 190rA-194vB, 196rB-198vB.
Anonymus	Sophismata Veneta Ultima	Ven. Marc. lat. Z.302: 199rA-240vA.
Anonymus	Sophismata Wigorniensia	Worcester Q.13 : 21-53 + 22v-66v + 74r-76r.
Anonymus	Tractatus de distinctionibus sophismatum, De Rijk 2.13	Cambridge Gonville & Caius 344/540; Erfurt 4° 276.
Anonymus	Tractatus Florianus de solutionibus sophismatum	Ed. De Rijk 1988 (Sankt Florian, Stiftsbiliothek XI, 632: 42rA-51vB.)
Anonymus	Tractatus Vaticanus de communibus distinctionibus	Ed. De Rijk 1988 (Vat. lat. 7678: 73rA-82rA.)
Anonymus	Tractatus Vaticanus de multiplicitatibus circa orationes accidentibus	Ed. De Rijk 1988 (Vat. lat. 7678: 82rB-88rA.)
Anonymus (Iohannes Dacus, Petrus de Insula & al.)	Sophismata Mantuana	Mantova, BC, D. II.19.
Anonymus Alani	Sophismata	Paris BN lat. 16135: 38rA-103vB.
Anonymus Catacheus	Sophismata	Paris, BN lat. 3572: 26rA-33vB & 167vA-167rB, 169vA-B, 170rA-171vB.
Anonymus Cracoviensis	Sophismata	Kraków BJ 649: 253rA-271vB.
Anonymus Erfordensis	Sophismata	Erfurt WAB 4° 328: 1rA-73vB.
Anonymus GC466	Quaestio sophismatica	Cambridge, GONVILLE & CAIUS 466/573: 108v.
Anonymus Liberanus	Sophismata	Paris BN lat. 16135: 3rA-37rB.
Anonymus Oriel33(2)	Sophismata	Oxford, Oriel 33: 385vA-410vB.
Anonymus Tabarroneus	Sophismata	München BSB Clm 14522 (1-71?)
Anonymus Victorinus	Sophismata	Paris BN lat. 15170 (~23r-v)
Bartholomaeus de Brugis	Sophismata	Leipzig UB 1444; Vat. Pal. lat. 1202; Flaconara Mar. 11.
Boethius de Dacia	Sophismata	Firenze Laur. St. Croce 12 sin., 3; Bruge SB 509.
Dionysius de Cauda	Sophisma	Falconara Marittima, Archivio dei Frati minori delle Marche, 11: 204rA-207rA
Gualterus Burlaeus	De puritate artis logicae, tractatus brevior	Ed. Boehner 1955 (Los Angeles, Hoose Library 6; Vat. lat. 3066.)
Gualterus Burlaeus	De puritate artis logicae, tractatus longior	Ed. Boehner 1955 (Erfurt 4° 259 & 4° 291, Brugge 501, München Clm 1060.)
Gualterus Burlaeus	Quaest. Arist. int.	Ed. Brown 1973 (Cambridge, G.&C. 512/543 (~102-107).)
Gualterus de Alliaco	Sophisma	Vat. lat. 3061 (~30-40.)
Guillelmus Dalling	Sophisma	Cambridge, Gonville & Caius 512/543.
Guillelmus de Hennore	Sophisma ‘Sola species definitur’	Cambr. Gonville & Caius 512/543: 23vB & 44rA-46rB.
Guillelmus de Shyreswode	Syncategoremata	Ed. O’Donnell 1941 (Paris BN lat. 16617; Oxford, Bodl., Digby 55.)
Henricus Gandavensis	Syncategoremata	Ed. Braakhuis 1979, 1 (Brugge 510: 227rA-237rB; Erfurt WAB F.135: 60-85vB.)
Hervaeus Sophista	Abstractiones	Ed. De Libera 1986 (Paris BN lat. 15170: 48vA-5252vA..)
Iohannes Dacus, Petrus de Alvernia, Anonymus	Sophismata	Paris BN lat. 16089.
Johannes Pagus	Syncategoremata	Ed. Braakhuis 1979, 1 (Paris BN lat. 15170: 63rA-70vB, 46rA-48rB.)
Matthaeus Aurelianensis	Sophistaria	Ed. Spruyt 2001 (Barcelona, Arch. De la Corona de Aragon, Ripoll 109: 278rA-309vB; Vat. Lat. 4546: 1r-305r; Paris BN 16618: 119r-136v.)
Nicolaus Parisiensis	Syncategoremata	Ed. Braakhuis 1979, 2 (Paris, BN lat.11412: 41r-81r.)
Petrus de Alvernia	Sophismata	Firenze Laur. St. Croce 12 sin., 3; Brugge
Petrus de Alvernia apud Anonymum	Sophismata variorum	Cambridge, Gonville & Caius 611/341.
Petrus de Colonia	Sophisma	Vat. lat. 3061: 29rB-31rB
Petrus de Insula	Sophismata	Falconara Marittima, Archivio dei Frati minori delle Marche, 11: 191rB-204rA
Petrus Hispanus	Syncategoreumata	Ed. De Rijk 1992.
Radulphus Brito	Sophismata	Vat. lat. 2173 ; Vat. Lat. 3061.
Richardus, magister abstractionum.	Abstractiones	Oxford Digby 24 ; Brugge SB 497 .
Robert Bacon	Syncategoremata	Ed. Braakhuis 1979, 1 (Erfurt WAB Q.328: 74rA-93vB; Oxford Digby 204: 88rA-100vB.)
Robertus Anglicus	(Sophismata?)
Roger Bacon	Summa de sophismatibus et distinctionibus	Ed. Steele 1940 (Oxford, Digby 67: 117r-124v.)
Sigerus de Cortraco	Sophismata	München clm 3852: 50rA- 51rA & Paris, BNF, lat. 16222: 5vA-8vA, Vat. Ottob. lat. 2520: 246v-252r.
Simon de Faverisham	Sophisma	München, Clm 3852; Vat. lat. 2173

Secondary Sources

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• Braakhuis, H.A.G. 1979: De 13de Eeuwse Tractaten over Syncategorematische Termen, 2 vols, diss., Meppel, Leiden.
• Braakhuis, H.A.G. & al. (eds.) 1981: English Logic and Semantics from the End of the Twelfth Century to the Time of Ockham and Burleigh, Artistarium, Supplementa I, Ingenium, Nijmegen.
• Brousseau, Christine 1991: ‘Le sophisme anonyme "Amatus sum vel fui", du codex parisinus BN Lat. 16135’, CIMAGL 61: 147-183.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1978: ‘The Sophism ‘Rationale est animal’ by Radulphus Brito’, CIMAGL 24: 85-120.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1988a: ‘A Grammatical Sophisma by Nicholas of Normandy ALBUS MUSICUS EST’,CIMAGL 56: 103-116.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1988b: ‘Stray Questions: Little Logical Notes in British and French Manuscripts’, CIMAGL 57: 68-80.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1989: ‘Three 13th-century Sophismata about Beginning and Ceasing’, CIMAGL 59: 121-180.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1992a: ‘Deus scit quicquid scivit. Two sophismata from Vat. lat. 7678 and a reference to Nominales’, CIMAGL 62: 179-195.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1992b: ‘Small Finds. Philosophical Texts in Erfurt, Hamburg, Oxford and Paris', CIMAGL 62: 197-218.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1993a: ‘Boethius de Dacia et al. The sophismata in mss Bruges SB 509 and Florence Med.-Laur. S. Croce 12 sin., 3', in: Read, Stephen (ed.), Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar. Acts of the 9th European Symposium for Medieval Logic and Semantics, Kluwer, Dordrecht:. 45-63.
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• Ebbesen, Sten 1994a: ‘Tractatus de signativis dictionibus’, CIMAGL 64: 151-163.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1994b: ‘Sophismata and Physics Commentaries’, CIMAGL 64: 164-195.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1995a: ‘Tantum unum est. 13th-century sophismatic discussions around the Parmenidean Thesis’, The New Schoolman 72: 175-199.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1995b: ‘Sophisma; Sophismata’, Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie 9, Schwabe & co., Basel: 1069-1075.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1995c: ‘Thirteenth-century Logic. Selected texts’, CIMAGL 65: 213-361.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1997a: ‘The More the Less. Natural Philosophy and Sophismata in the Thirteenth century'. In: S. Caroti & P. Souffrin (eds.), La nouvelle physique du XIVe siècle, Olschki, Firenze: 9-44.
• Ebbesen, Sten 1997b: ‘Doing Theology with Sophismata’, in: C. Marmo (ed.), Vestigia, imagines, verba. Semiotics and Logic in Medieval Theological Texts (XIIth-XIVth Century), Semiotic and Cognitive Studies 4, Brepols, Turnhout, 151-169.
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External links

• Sophismata project run by Alain de Libera at the University of Geneva
• Catalogue of sophismata
• Sophismata in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy