Changes

[[File:The Tower.jpg|thumb|left|350px|One of Kocula's towers built during the rule of the ''Republic of Venice''. Photo by [[Directory:Peter Zuvela|Peter Zuvela]]]]

[[File:The Tower.jpg|thumb|left|360px|One of Kocula's towers built during the rule of the ''Republic of Venice''. Photo by [[Directory:Peter Zuvela|Peter Zuvela]]]]

==If we put aside political correctness, concerning Korcula's history==

==If we put aside political correctness, concerning Korcula's history==

If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what happened to the '''Roman families''' when the Slavs invaded the island of Korčula? <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> The Slavic tribes invaded the [[Directory:Fausto_Veranzio#Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] province of the ''Byzantine Empire'' (Eastern Roman Empire).

If we put aside political correctness, one could ask the question what happened to the '''Roman families''' when the Slavs invaded the island of Korčula? <ref>In Croatian the c in Korcula is pronounced ''ch'' and is written "'''č'''".</ref> The Slavic tribes invaded the [[Directory:Fausto_Veranzio#Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] province of the ''Byzantine Empire'' (Eastern Roman Empire).

{{Cquote| ''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago. (p164)

{{Cquote| ''These three pears you see on the wall," said he, "are the arms of my family. Perussich was the name, when, in the earlier part of the fifteenth century, my ancestors  built this palace; so that, you see, I am '''Dalmatian'''. All the family, fathers, sons, and brothers, used to serve in the fleets of the Republic (Republic of Venice); but the hero of our race was ''Arneri Perussich'', whose statue you see there, who fought, bled, and died at the''' Siege of Candia''', whose memory was honoured by the Republic, and whose surviving family was liberally pensioned; so his name of our race. We became Arneri, and ceased to be Perussich'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=LUFlza-oCV0C&pg=PA164&dq=These+three+pears+you+see+on+the+wall,%22+said+he,+%22are+the+arms+of+my+family.+Perussich+was+the+name,&hl=en&ei=Q2NCTNiSCJLqvQO8y9DIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20three%20pears%20you%20see%20on%20the%20wall%2C%22%20said%20he%2C%20%22are%20the%20arms%20of%20my%20family.%20Perussich%20was%20the%20name%2C&f=false Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic:] By Andrew Archibald Paton. Chapter 4. The Dalmatian Archipelago. (p164)

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref> (Here is a perfect example of  Slavic family surname becoming later Venetian in character. According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''.) <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.  

* Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) was a British diplomat and writer from the 19 century.</ref> (Here is a perfect example of  Slavic family surname becoming later Venetian in character. According to Marinko Gjivoje, Perussich is ''Piruzović''.) <ref>Otok Korčula (2nd edition) by [http://esperanto.net/literaturo/autor/gjivoje.html Marinko Gjivoje], Zagreb 1969.  

*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korčula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Pages 46-47: ''Piruzović ''. </ref>}}

*The book outlines A-Z about the island of Korčula, from traditions, history, culture to wildlife, politics & geography. Pages 46-47: ''Piruzović ''</ref>}}

There is archaeological evidence from 16 century where the Croatian identity was used. Stone writings in Zavalatica are dedicated to events from 889 AD. It describes a clash between the Slavic population and the Venetian army. Marinko Gjivoje wrote about the find in 1972. The stone writings use: ''Hrvat Dalmatinac'' in its writings. ''Hrvat'' means Croat in Croatian.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/script.htm History-Korcula.net] Marko Marelic-S. Francisco-USA</ref>  

There is archaeological evidence from 16 century where the Croatian identity was used. Stone writings in Zavalatica are dedicated to events from 889 AD. It describes a clash between the Slavic population and the Venetian army. Marinko Gjivoje wrote about the find in 1972. The stone writings use: ''Hrvat Dalmatinac'' in its writings. ''Hrvat'' means Croat in Croatian.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/script.htm History-Korcula.net] Marko Marelic-S. Francisco-USA</ref>  

* A Greek colony was founded on Korčula. <ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 4th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense woods on the island.

* A Greek colony was founded on Korčula. <ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index</ref> Greek colonists from Corcyra (Corfu) formed a small colony on the island in the 4th century B.C. The Greeks named it "Black Corfu" after their homeland and the dense woods on the island.

'''Note''': [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula#Editors Notes|Lumbarda Psephisma]] is a stone inscription from the island of Korčula,  in modern-day Croatia. <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=74289&lang=en Hrcak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia:] Lumbarda Psephisma, the Oldest Document about the Division of Land Parcels in Croatia from the Beginning of the 4th or 3rd Century BC by Miljenko Solaric & Nikola Solaic (University of Zagreb). </ref> It is believed that the psephism is from the 4th century B.C. The Greeks established a settlement on the basis of a prior agreement with the representatives of the local Illyrians who were Pil and his son Daz. According to the 2nd century AD literary work ''"Periegesis Hellados"''  <ref>[http://www.dissertations.se/dissertation/834aad3ee7/ Swedish University- Essays Swedish (www.dissertations.se):] Researcher, Traveller, Narrator. Studies in Pausanias' Periegesis-University Dissertation from Almqvist & Wiksell International Stockholm Sweden.</ref> it mentions a second Greek Cnidian colony on the island of Nigra Kerkyra (Korčula) <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=a9XI-B449vkC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA74&dq=Greek+colony+in+the+3+century+BC+lumbarda&source=bl&ots=O3bea0TiFw&sig=fSxIeilCNTQP293_TrJkkma3pDM&hl=en&ei=xof7SuDnFsGIkQWgz42YBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA0Q6AEwAjge#v=snippet&q=korcula&f=false Studi sulla grecità di occidente by Lorenzo Braccesi]</ref>

'''Note''': [[Directory:Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula#Editors Notes|Lumbarda Psephisma]] is a stone inscription from the island of Korčula,  in modern-day Croatia. <ref>[http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=74289&lang=en Hrcak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia:] Lumbarda Psephisma, the Oldest Document about the Division of Land Parcels in Croatia from the Beginning of the 4th or 3rd Century BC by Miljenko Solaric & Nikola Solaic (University of Zagreb).</ref> It is believed that the psephism is from the 4th century B.C. The Greeks established a settlement on the basis of a prior agreement with the representatives of the local Illyrians who were Pil and his son Daz. According to the 2nd century AD literary work ''"Periegesis Hellados"''  <ref>[http://www.dissertations.se/dissertation/834aad3ee7/ Swedish University- Essays Swedish (www.dissertations.se):] Researcher, Traveller, Narrator. Studies in Pausanias' Periegesis-University Dissertation from Almqvist & Wiksell International Stockholm Sweden.</ref> it mentions a second Greek Cnidian colony on the island of Nigra Kerkyra (Korčula) <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=a9XI-B449vkC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA74&dq=Greek+colony+in+the+3+century+BC+lumbarda&source=bl&ots=O3bea0TiFw&sig=fSxIeilCNTQP293_TrJkkma3pDM&hl=en&ei=xof7SuDnFsGIkQWgz42YBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA0Q6AEwAjge#v=snippet&q=korcula&f=false Studi sulla grecità di occidente by Lorenzo Braccesi]</ref>

* The island became part of the Roman province of ''Illyricum''. <ref>'''Encyclopedia Britannica'''.

* The island became part of the Roman province of ''Illyricum''. <ref>'''Encyclopedia Britannica'''.

* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem Slovenia and Croatia) </ref> After the Illyrian Wars, Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref> The Illyrian population immediately after the Illyrian Wars suffered greatly under the Romans. A large portion of the Illyrians were executed and sold off to slavery. <ref>Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula ''by'' Nikola Ostojic (p6)</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and '''Dalmatia'''.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korčula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  

* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem Slovenia and Croatia) </ref> After the Illyrian Wars, Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula&dq=Roman+Junianum+korcula&lr= Croatian Adriatic:] History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref> The Illyrian population immediately after the Illyrian Wars suffered greatly under the Romans. A large portion of the Illyrians were executed and sold off to slavery. <ref>Historical Compendium of the Island of Korcula ''by'' Nikola Ostojic (p6)</ref>  In 10 AD Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and '''Dalmatia'''.<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korčula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.  

*"The city first became prominent during the 7th century. In 639 and 656 the flourishing Latin communities of Salona and Epidaurum were destroyed by the Avars, and the island rock of Ragusa was colonized by the survivors. Tradition identifies Epidaurum, whence the majority came, with the neighbouring village of Ragusavecchia; but some historians, including Gelcich, place it on the shores of the Bocche di Cattaro. Both sites show signs of Roman occupation. A colony of Slavs soon joined the Latin settlers at Ragusa, and thus, from an early date, the city formed a link between two great civilizations (see Vlachs). In the 9th century it is said to have repulsed the Saracens; in the 10th it defended itself against the Narentine pirates, and Simeon, tsar of the Bulgarians."</ref> is now within the borders of the modern Croatia. This monolithic description is an outright lie and it’s a form of culture genocide (the crucial word is ''wholly'').  Additionally the book did not even mention Ragusa the name at all, which was used for more than a millennium.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}

*"The city first became prominent during the 7th century. In 639 and 656 the flourishing Latin communities of Salona and Epidaurum were destroyed by the Avars, and the island rock of Ragusa was colonized by the survivors. Tradition identifies Epidaurum, whence the majority came, with the neighbouring village of Ragusavecchia; but some historians, including Gelcich, place it on the shores of the Bocche di Cattaro. Both sites show signs of Roman occupation. A colony of Slavs soon joined the Latin settlers at Ragusa, and thus, from an early date, the city formed a link between two great civilizations (see Vlachs). In the 9th century it is said to have repulsed the Saracens; in the 10th it defended itself against the Narentine pirates, and Simeon, tsar of the Bulgarians."</ref> is now within the borders of the modern Croatia. This monolithic description is an outright lie and it’s a form of culture genocide (the crucial word is ''wholly'').  Additionally the book did not even mention Ragusa the name at all, which was used for more than a millennium.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/172803/Dubrovnik|title="Dubrovnik." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. |date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}

* '''Encyclopædia Britannica's''' states on the ''Republic of Ragusa'' (and its mentions Ragusa): "The city was founded about 614 as Rausa, or Ragusium, by Roman refugees fleeing the Slav and Avar sack of Epidaurus, just to the southeast. A colony of Slavs soon joined the Romans there, and from an early date the city formed a link between two great civilizations. After the fall of Rome, Dubrovnik was ruled by the Byzantine Empire. From the 9th to the 12th century Dubrovnik defended itself against foreign powers, and in the period 1205 to 1358 it acknowledged Venetian suzerainty, though it retained much of its independence."</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143561/Croatia|title="Croatia." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 09 Mar. 2011.|date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}

* '''Encyclopædia Britannica's''' states concerning the ''Republic of Ragusa'' (and it mentions Ragusa): "The city was founded about 614 as Rausa, or Ragusium, by Roman refugees fleeing the Slav and Avar sack of Epidaurus, just to the southeast. A colony of Slavs soon joined the Romans there, and from an early date the city formed a link between two great civilizations. After the fall of Rome, Dubrovnik was ruled by the Byzantine Empire. From the 9th to the 12th century Dubrovnik defended itself against foreign powers, and in the period 1205 to 1358 it acknowledged Venetian suzerainty, though it retained much of its independence."</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143561/Croatia|title="Croatia." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 09 Mar. 2011.|date=[[2011]]|accessdate=2011-03-8}}

* '''Encyclopædia Britannica's''' states on the ''Republic of Ragusa'' (and its mentions Ragusa): "Ragusa and the Croat Renaissance in Dalmatia: The Adriatic port of Ragusa had been founded by Latinized colonists, but by the 14th century it had been largely Slavicized and had acquired its alternate name of Dubrovnik."</ref> The peoples of Ragusa were a nation in their own right; the Republic was also made up of many ethnic nationalities.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CaK6DeZXX7sC&pg=PA190&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=republic%20of%20ragusa%20dubrovnik%20jewish%20community&f=false Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World after 1492] By Alisa Meyuhas Ginio (p190)

* '''Encyclopædia Britannica's''' states concerning the ''Republic of Ragusa'' (and it mentions Ragusa): "Ragusa and the Croat Renaissance in Dalmatia: The Adriatic port of Ragusa had been founded by Latinized colonists, but by the 14th century it had been largely Slavicized and had acquired its alternate name of Dubrovnik."</ref> The peoples of Ragusa were a nation in their own right; the Republic was also made up of many ethnic nationalities.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=CaK6DeZXX7sC&pg=PA190&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=republic%20of%20ragusa%20dubrovnik%20jewish%20community&f=false Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World after 1492] By Alisa Meyuhas Ginio (p190)

* "This was the start of the Ragusan Jewish community. There had been some Jews in Ragusa ... their continuous presence in the Republic of Ragusa where they played an important role in its economic, cultural and social life. ..."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RsoMAQAAMAAJ&q=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA  The Chicago Jewish forum, Volume 23] by Benjamin Weintroub (p271)

* "This was the start of the Ragusan Jewish community. There had been some Jews in Ragusa ... their continuous presence in the Republic of Ragusa where they played an important role in its economic, cultural and social life. ..."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RsoMAQAAMAAJ&q=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&dq=republic+of+ragusa+dubrovnik+jewish+community&hl=en&ei=2D52TfSIN9DzcbSmhf8E&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA  The Chicago Jewish forum, Volume 23] by Benjamin Weintroub (p271)

*Dalmatia-The Land Where East Meets West by Maude Holbach (a 1910 travel guide from COSIMO books and publications [[New York]] USA) writing about Dubrovnik:

*Dalmatia-The Land Where East Meets West by Maude Holbach (a 1910 travel guide from COSIMO books and publications [[New York]] USA) writing about Dubrovnik:

{{Cquote|''Two hundred years later that, is, early in the tenth century you might have heard Slavish and Latin spoken had you walked in the streets of Ragusa, just as you hear Slavish and '''Italian''' today; for as times of peace followed times of war, the Greek and Roman inhabitants of Rausium intermarried with the surrounding Slavs, and so a mixed race sprang up, a people apart from the rest of Dalmatia.'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EcvNw81I3hkC&pg=PA121&dq=Dalmatia:+The+Land+Where+East+Meets+West+Slavish+and+Italian+today&hl=en&ei=J46dTKDEF4XOvQOT_PS4DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia: The Land Where East Meets West] by Maude Holbach (p121)

{{Cquote|''Two hundred years later that, is, early in the tenth century you might have heard Slavish and Latin spoken had you walked in the streets of Ragusa, just as you hear Slavish and '''Italian''' today; for as times of peace followed times of war, the Greek and Roman inhabitants of Rausium intermarried with the surrounding Slavs, and so a mixed race sprang up, a people apart from the rest of Dalmatia.'' <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=EcvNw81I3hkC&pg=PA121&dq=Dalmatia:+The+Land+Where+East+Meets+West+Slavish+and+Italian+today&hl=en&ei=J46dTKDEF4XOvQOT_PS4DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dalmatia: The Land Where East Meets West] by Maude Holbach (p121)

* "DALMATIA: The Land Where East Meets West is MAUDE M. HOLBACH's second book of travel in Eastern Europe. First published in 1910, this is an anthropological travel journal of an often-overlooked kingdom" [http://www.cosimobooks.com/cosimo/about.html Web site: www.cosimobooks.com]</ref>}}

* "DALMATIA: The Land Where East Meets West is MAUDE M. HOLBACH's second book of travel in Eastern Europe. First published in '''1910''', this is an anthropological travel journal of an often-overlooked kingdom" [http://www.cosimobooks.com/cosimo/about.html Web site: www.cosimobooks.com]</ref>}}

'''Concerning''' the former Yugoslavia (which [[Croatia|Croatian]] was part of) the Cold War era played a major role in this style of historical documentation of the region’s history. Yugoslav Communist history is now dogma in Croatia. Many of today’s Croatians live with this dogma as their reality even though the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia had a profound effect on the region. So much so that it’s created today’s political and cultural scene. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic.(p 47)</ref>

'''Concerning''' the former Yugoslavia (which [[Croatia|Croatian]] was part of) the Cold War era played a major role in this style of historical documentation of the region’s history. Yugoslav Communist history is now dogma in Croatia. Many of today’s Croatians live with this dogma as their reality even though the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia had a profound effect on the region. So much so that it’s created today’s political and cultural scene. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=o5cefCSRx5EC&pg=PA47&dq=tito+cult+propaganda&hl=en&ei=8NneS5e1H9egkQX77rzOBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tito%20cult%20propaganda&f=false The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia:] Nationalism and War in the Balkans ''by'' Aleksandar Pavkovic.(p 47)</ref>

<br>

<br>

<div style="overflow:auto;height:1px;">

<div style="overflow:auto;height:1px;">

[[Keyword:=Korcula]]

[[Keyword:=Korcula]]

[[Keyword:=Korčula]]

[[Keyword:=Korčula]]