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| After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of Yugoslavia, factual evidence has emerged that Josip Broz and the Yugoslav regime were actually responsible for executing mass murders, arrests and torture. The worst of these events are the; | | After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of Yugoslavia, factual evidence has emerged that Josip Broz and the Yugoslav regime were actually responsible for executing mass murders, arrests and torture. The worst of these events are the; |
− | *Way of the Cross massacres<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=27516&lang=en|title=Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia:|}} An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross. '''Scientific''' Journal by Zdravko Dizdar/ [http://www.unizg.hr/homepage/ University of Zagreb]. | + | *Way of the Cross massacres <ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=27516&lang=en|title=Hrcak Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia:|}} An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & Way of the Cross. '''Scientific''' Journal by Zdravko Dizdar/ [http://www.unizg.hr/homepage/ University of Zagreb]. |
− | * "An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & '''Way of the Cross'''. This paper dedicated to the 60th anniversary of these tragic events represents a small step towards the elaboration of known data and brings a list of yet unknown and unpublished original documents, mostly belonging to the '''Yugoslavian Military''' and Political Government 1945-1947. Amongst those documents are those mostly relating to Croatian territory although a majority of concentration camps and '''execution sites''' were outside of Croatia, in other parts of Yugoslavia. The author hopes that the readers will receive a complete picture about events related to ''Bleiburg'' and the ''Way of The Cross'' and the suffering of numerous Croats, which is confirmed directly in many documents and is related to the execution of a person or a whole group of people and sometimes non-stop for days."</ref> | + | * "An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg & '''Way of the Cross'''. This paper dedicated to the 60th anniversary of these tragic events represents a small step towards the elaboration of known data and brings a list of yet unknown and unpublished original documents, mostly belonging to the '''Yugoslavian Military''' and Political Government 1945-1947. Amongst those documents are those mostly relating to Croatian territory although a majority of [[Talk:Titoism and Totalitarianism|concentration camps]] and '''execution sites''' were outside of Croatia, in other parts of Yugoslavia. The author hopes that the readers will receive a complete picture about events related to ''Bleiburg'' and the ''Way of The Cross'' and the suffering of numerous Croats, which is confirmed directly in many documents and is related to the execution of a person or a whole group of people and sometimes non-stop for days."</ref> |
− | *Bleiburg massacre | + | *Bleiburg massacre <ref>[http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/yugoslav-hist1.htm Yalta and The Bleiburg Tragedy] by C Michael McAdams/University of San Francisco, California-[[USA]]. |
− | *Foibe massacres | + | *"Presented at the International Symposium for Investigation of the Bleiburg Tragedy Zagreb, Croatia and Bleiburg, Austria May 17 and 18, 1994."</ref> |
− | '''During''' the Bleiburg & Way of the Cross massacres in 1945/46 the ''Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia'' commissioned by the government of the [[Slovenia|Republic of Slovenia]], discovered and detected 581 mass graves in which the estimates detail about 100 000 victims in total. <ref>[http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/ www.jutarnji.hr] U 581 Grobnici je 100.000 žrtava. [http://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/&ei=8x3BS-n7MYH-6QP17L3CCQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us English version:] The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 '''commissions find''', in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves</ref> The killings were executed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army.<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA168&dq=Bleiburg+massacre&hl=en&ei=kbsiTJ-MDIHJcc2kzIkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. (p168) | + | *Foibe massacres <ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=ykMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=%22forty+days+of+Trieste%22&source=bl&ots=vV1YtYVNWt&sig=La9eWoqpk9YOCTXzBJ-zEAlHhK4&hl=it&ei=ixkbStyiHYuV_QbgxtnYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Refugees in the Age of Total War] by Anna Bramwell. (p138)</ref><ref>[http://books.google.be/books?id=hhD0R8DBr_UC&pg=PA89&vq=trieste&dq=%22In+Opicina,+after+a+bomb&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 A Tragedy Revealed''] The Story of the Italian Population of Istria & Dalmatia by Arrigo Petacco & Konrad Eisenbichler. (p89)</ref><ref>[http://miran.pecenik.com/ts/balkan/balkan6.htm Where the Balkans Begin (The Slovenes in Triest-The Foiba Story)] by Bernard Meares: |
− | * "The Partisans also carried out massacres, the best known being at '''Bleiburg''' (Austria), where retreating Croatian and Slovenian forces and their families were massacred."</ref><ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on "Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes”] Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. (p163 & p164)</ref> | + | *"During the early Communist occupation in Trieste, Gorizia and the Littoral, and the 40 days of [[Communists|Communist]] rule in Trieste city, some 6000 arrests were made and the prisoners carried off to Communist-controlled areas. When the Allies finally imposed their rule they found out about the Yugoslav execution squads. The more objective Italian historians and statisticians such as Galliano Fogar and Raoul Pupo point to between 1000 and 1800 [[Italy|Italians]] and [[Slovenia|Slovene]] victims. The '''Red Cross''' estimates that 2,250 failed to return , in rough agreement with Bogdan Novak who said in 1971 that 4200 Italians returned out of 6000 arrested."</ref> |
| + | '''During''' the Bleiburg & Way of the Cross massacres in 1945/46 the ''Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia'' commissioned by the government of the [[Slovenia|Republic of Slovenia]], discovered and detected 581 mass graves in which the estimates detail about 100 000 victims in total. <ref>[http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/ www.jutarnji.hr] U 581 Grobnici je 100.000 žrtava. [http://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/&ei=8x3BS-n7MYH-6QP17L3CCQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.jutarnji.hr/u-581-grobnici-je-100-000-zrtava/310887/%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us English version:] The Jutarnji newspaper reported on the 01/10/2009 '''commissions find''', in all it is estimated that there are 100 000 victims in 581 mass graves</ref> The killings were executed by the Yugoslav Paritsian Army.<ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': Croatia |
| + | *"British commanders refused to accept their surrender and handed them over to the Partisans, who took a merciless revenge. Tens of thousands, including many civilians, were subsequently slaughtered on forced marches and in death camps."</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ZK2WE_2H3UEC&pg=PA168&dq=Bleiburg+massacre&hl=en&ei=kbsiTJ-MDIHJcc2kzIkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q&f=false Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide:] The Holocaust and Historical ''by'' David B. MacDonald. (p168) |
| + | * "The Partisans also carried out massacres, the best known being at '''Bleiburg''' (Austria), where retreating Croatian and Slovenian forces and their families were massacred."</ref> The Yugoslav Army and her supreme commander ''Josip Broz Tito'' executed, without trial, a huge number of POWs and civilians that were deemed guilty by ''association only''. |
| + | |
| + | '''Note''': Reference information below: Milko Mikola- Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes. Chapter 3. Mass killings without court trials. |
| + | {{Cquote| |
| + | *The Main Headquarters of the Yugoslav Army had already called attention to respecting the ''Geneva Convention'' on 3rd of May in its order on the treatment of prisoners of war. However, despite this injunction, both prisoners of war and civilians were killed on mass at the end of May and in the first half of June 1945 in Slovenia. Tito’s telegram on respecting the Geneva Convention was later revoked; however, it could only be revoked by the person who issued it in the first place, i.e. Tito himself. |
| + | * It is estimated, mainly on the basis of graves discovered up to now, that around 100,000 captured members of different military formations and civilians from all parts of Yugoslavia were killed without a court trial in Slovenia.<ref>[http://www.mp.gov.si/fileadmin/mp.gov.si/pageuploads/2005/PDF/publikacije/Crimes_committed_by_Totalitarian_Regimes.pdf European Public Hearing on "Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes”] Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. (p163 & p164)</ref>}} |
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| + | Barbarin Rov, Jazovka Pit and Tezno, a district of Slovenia's city Maribor are other execution sites. Kocevski Rog was another site of massacre as stated by Encyclopaedia Britannica: |
| + | {{Cquote| |
| + | *'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': ''After the armistice the British repatriated more than 10,000 Slovene collaborators who had attempted to retreat with the Germans, and Tito had most of them massacred at the infamous Pits of Kocevje.'' <ref>'''Encyclopaedia Britannica''': Slovenia</ref>}} |
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| Additionally there is the ethnic cleansing of Germans, Hungarians and Italians of the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=RWZLZaxPUXQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA8&ots=xdn2wNxBWP&sig=WN_VKCu5q6lVUOsSoxHdPJGiB-w#v=snippet&q=killed&f=false Communist Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After World War Two] by Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann: | | Additionally there is the ethnic cleansing of Germans, Hungarians and Italians of the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=RWZLZaxPUXQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA8&ots=xdn2wNxBWP&sig=WN_VKCu5q6lVUOsSoxHdPJGiB-w#v=snippet&q=killed&f=false Communist Retaliation and Persecution on Yugoslav Territory During and After World War Two] by Dr. Ph. Michael Portmann: |
| *"The following article deals with repressive measures undertaken by communist-dominated Partisan forces during and especially after World War Two. The text represents a summary of a master thesis referring to the above-mentioned topic written and accepted at '''Vienna University''' in 2002"</ref> | | *"The following article deals with repressive measures undertaken by communist-dominated Partisan forces during and especially after World War Two. The text represents a summary of a master thesis referring to the above-mentioned topic written and accepted at '''Vienna University''' in 2002"</ref> |
| + | The communists executed, without trial, a huge number of people that were deemed guilty by ''association only''. <ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qMZaPjrHqYYC&pg=PA283&dq=josip+broz+tito&hl=en&ei=BGf-S66gBMWrcc3wnZcK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBDge#v=onepage&q=josip%20broz%20tito&f=false Balkan Strongmen:] Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of South Eastern Europe ''by'' Bernd Jurgen Fischer. Page 283</ref> |
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| *Information from '''Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity'''. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005: | | *Information from '''Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity'''. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Gale Cengage, 2005: |
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| == Tito & the West == | | == Tito & the West == |
− | After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it has become evident that the Western allies Cold War relationship with Yugoslavia is much more '''complex''' than it first appeared. We are looking at the fact that the West turned a blind eye to Yugoslavia’s Communist Stalinist policies. The Western allies were complicit in joining in the glorification of Tito. Tito’s cult of personality was of staggering proportions and it is apparent that it was modelled on Joseph Stalin’s. This casting a blind eye on the situation that was occurring in Yugoslavia was very interesting. | + | After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it has become evident that the Western allies Cold War relationship with Yugoslavia is much more '''complex''' than it first appeared. We are looking at the fact that the West turned a blind eye to Yugoslavia’s Communist Stalinist policies. The Western allies were complicit in joining in the glorification of Tito. Tito’s cult of personality<ref> '''Discontents: Post-modern and Post communist’ by Paul Hollander. |
| + | *“Virtually every [[Communists|communist]] system extinct or surviving at one point or another had a supreme leader who was both extraordinarily powerful and surrounded by a bizarre cult, indeed worship. In the past (or in a more traditional contemporary societies) such as cults were reserved for deities and associated with conventional religious behaviour and institutions. These cults although apparently an intrinsic part of communist dictatorships (at any rate at a stage in their evolution) are largely forgotten today.” |
| + | *“ Stalin, Mao, Castro, Ho Chi Minh, Kim Sung, Enver Hoxha, Ceascesu, Dimitrov, Ulbricht, Gottwald, '''Tito''' and others all were the object of such cults. The prototypical cult was that of Stalin which was duplicated elsewhere with minor variations. (p377) ”[http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/people/bio_hollander.html Paul Hollander] Ph.D in Sociology. Princeton University, 1963, B.A. London School of Economics, 1959 Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Center Associate, Davis Center</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Mi9b2yenE0kC&pg=PA91&dq=cult+of+personality+Josip+broz+tito&client=safari&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false Governing by Committee:] Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies by Thomas A. Baylis. Communist Collective Leadership, page 91</ref><ref>Government Leaders, Military Rulers and Political Activists: An Encyclopaedia of People Who Changed the World (Lives & Legacies Series) by David W. Del Testa, Florence Lemoine & John Strickland. Legacy Chapter (p181)</ref> was of staggering proportions and it is apparent that it was modelled on Joseph Stalin’s. This casting a blind eye on the situation that was occurring in Yugoslavia was very interesting. |
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| The fact that the British sent (Operation Keelhaul) over 100 000 people to their deaths by returning Axis Forces POWs and civilians (including women and children) to Yugoslavia after World War Two is just amazing. This action resulted in one of the greatest massacres in [[Europe|European]] history of recent times (Bleiburg and Way of the Cross). | | The fact that the British sent (Operation Keelhaul) over 100 000 people to their deaths by returning Axis Forces POWs and civilians (including women and children) to Yugoslavia after World War Two is just amazing. This action resulted in one of the greatest massacres in [[Europe|European]] history of recent times (Bleiburg and Way of the Cross). |
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| *[[BBC]]-History [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/4923466.stm by Tim Judah] | | *[[BBC]]-History [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/4923466.stm by Tim Judah] |
| * European Public Hearing on CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN REGIMES, organised by the '''Slovenian Presidency''' of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the '''European Commission'''. | | * European Public Hearing on CRIMES COMMITTED BY TOTALITARIAN REGIMES, organised by the '''Slovenian Presidency''' of the Council of the [[European Union]] (January–June 2008) and the '''European Commission'''. |
| + | *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#six BBC-History: Partisan Fighters] War in the Balkans 1941-1945. Dr Stephen A Hart: Senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Author of 'The Road to Falaise: Operations Totalize & Tractable' (Alan Sutton 2004), 'Montgomery and Colossal Cracks': The 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe,1944-45' (Praeger, 2000). |
| * Wikipedia: Josip Broz Tito | | * Wikipedia: Josip Broz Tito |
| ==Interviews == | | ==Interviews == |